15 research outputs found
Grammaticalisation et évolution des systèmes grammaticaux
No full textChristiane Marchello-Nizia : Grammaticalisation et évolution des systèmes grammaticaux
"Grammaticalization" is defined as the formation of grammatical elements out of lexical units, and the creation of new paradigms. This paper wants to attract attention to a third type of changes, on a more abstract level: the changes which modify the system of distinctions and oppositions on which the paradigms of the language, its grammar, are founded. The author analyzes three changes which have occurred in French from the end of the twelfth century to the sixteenth century: the reorganization of the system of the demonstratives, the replacement of moult by beaucoup and très, and the introduction of new forms in the paradigm of the indefinites. She proposes to explain these changes by the hypothesis that they reflect the introduction in French of a formal and paradigmatic difference between units of first level (nouns, pronouns, verbs) and units of second level (adjectives, determiners, adverbs).Marchello-Nizia Christiane. Grammaticalisation et évolution des systèmes grammaticaux. In: Langue française, n°130, 2001. La linguistique diachronique : grammaticalisation et sémantique du prototype, sous la direction de Walter De Mulder et Anne Vanderheyden. pp. 33-41
A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Real-Time Multi-Agent Manipulation Control of Collaborative Robots
No full textThe increasing demand for robots across various industries has led to the development of sophisticated robotic systems requiring precise and efficient control. However, achieving true autonomy in dynamic environments remains a significant challenge. This thesis presents a comprehensive framework that bridges the gap between human expertise and robotic autonomy, enabling efficient and safe robot control, particularly in custom production environments. By leveraging deep learning and robotics, we address key challenges such as accurate robot modeling and model-based control. Our contributions include a deep learning-based approach for dynamic robot modeling, enhancing control and simulation accuracy for serial and parallel robots. Additionally, we integrate model-based control techniques for robots with closed control architectures, analyzing their tracking performance and convergence behavior. To facilitate seamless human-robot interaction, we design an intuitive augmented reality interface that enables high-quality demonstration data collection and supports fast telemanipulation, improving real-time control and safety in tasks requiring precision and speed. This dissertation contributes to robotics, artificial intelligence, and human-robot interaction by developing a comprehensive human-robot interaction framework that addresses critical challenges in robot control and interaction. Future research directions include gaze-based intention recognition and prediction, as well as applying AI techniques to enhance human-robot collaboration
Amour courtois, société masculine et figures du pouvoir
No full textCourtly love, masculine society and figures of power
Several features which characterize courtly love have remained enigmatic until the present time. This study suggests an interpretation which would permit taking this factor into account. The analysis concerns that category of courtly love which unites a young bachelor knight with a married woman of noble status : Tristan and Yseult, Lancelot and Guenevere are the perfect models.
A comparison of the tales in verse of the late 12th century with the written prose version of a half-century later reveal a striking change : the passion which connects the lovers is nevertheless mediated and always by a masculine figure. The author thus suggests that this type of adulterous courtly love can be seen as the displacement, the figurative expression of a still more transgressive love, of a relationship of homosexual seduction connecting the young knight and the master. This hypothesis, which does not run counter to the interpretations of G. Duby and E.Köhler, takes into consideration the complexity of relationships of opposition or of affection which could bend men together in feudal society.Marchello-Nizia Christiane. Amour courtois, société masculine et figures du pouvoir. In: Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 36ᵉ année, N. 6, 1981. pp. 969-982
Une nouvelle poétique du discours direct : le Tristan et Yseut de Thomas
No full textIn Thomas's Tristan et Yseut (Xllth century), the precursor of the modern romantic novel, almost half the text that has come down to us consists of direct speech.
In a significant episode of the text, the "Salle aux images" (Hall of Statues), none of the lengthy monologues which Tristan addresses to the statue of Yseut appears as direct speech. Is this accidental, or is it the result of a conscious stylistic choice ? In other words, is Thomas representing speech in a new way, and thereby creating a new poetics ? Two phenomena point to the latter conclusion. First, in what remains of the poem, none of the direct speech constitutes straight forward communication ; rather, it is devious or ambiguous. The link between truthfulness and communicative function is broken. Secundly, a recently discovered fragment confirms our earlier hypothesis that Thomas invented a new rhetorical form, the "lover's dialogue", in which two lovers reveal their passion for one another.
This paper suggests that Thomas's Tristan et Yseut is a laboratory in which the author experiments with new poetic devices linked to the representation of speech.Dans le Tristan et Yseut de Thomas (Xlle siècle), qui est aux sources de la forme romanesque moderne, les passages en discours direct forment près de la moitié du texte qui nous a été conservé. Or, dans un épisode important, celui de la "Salle aux statues", où Tristan adresse de longs discours à la statue d*Yseut la Blonde, aucun de ses monologues n'est représenté directement. Hasard ? Ou bien résultat d'une écriture concertée de la parole représentée, nouvelle poétique du discourt direct dont Thomas aurait été l'initiateur ? Deux phénomènes confirment notre hypothèse. D'une part il n'existe pas, dans ce qui nous reste de ce roman, de discours direct qui soit transparent ; la parole représentée y est biaisée ou ambiguë, disjoignant véridicité et communication. D'autre part la découverte récente d'un nouveau fragment a confirmé une hypothèse formulée antérieurement : Thomas est l'inventeur d'une forme rhétorique nouvelle, le "dialogue amoureux" entre deux amants qui s'avouent leur amour.
On propose de voir dans le Tristan et Yseut de Thomas un laboratoire où sont expérimentées de nouvelles formes poétiques liées à la représentation de la parole.Marchello-Nizia Christiane. Une nouvelle poétique du discours direct : le Tristan et Yseut de Thomas. In: Linx, n°32, 1995. Diachronie, énonciation, sous la direction de Michèle Perret. pp. 161-171
Social Responsibility as a Driver for Local Sustainable Development
No full textThe increased interconnection among local and global players induced by globalization, as well as the need for a complete application of the “subsidiarity principle”, calls for a re-thinking of the “corporate social responsibility” concept. This new concept broadens the perspective of the single company interacting with its own stakeholders in relation to specific social and environmental impacts, to a network of organizations, with different aims and natures, collaborating on relevant sustainability issues. In this paper, the authors will provide a definition of “Territorial Social Responsibility”, sustaining the multi-stakeholder approach as a driver toward local sustainable development. Firstly, theoretical approaches to sustainable development at the territorial level will be examined, identifying the most innovative ideas about governance, network relation and development theories. The idea of development focuses not only on the economic aspects, but on the structural and institutional factors. The existence of cooperative territorial networks is essential to fulfil the creation of tangible and intangible assets at the local level. At the same time, the effectiveness of the decision-making and rules’ system can stimulate and empower territorial networks to tackle sustainable development. An analytical framework, scheme-shaped, will be set in order to identify the main aspects, indicators and practices characterizing the territorial social responsibility concept. It will represent a first attempt to create a feasible instrument aimed at understanding how cooperative social responsible actors, operating in the same territory, could direct the path toward sustainable development.Local Sustainable Development, Territorial Social Responsibility, Participation, Local Governance, Accountability, Sustainability Reporting, Multi-Stakeholder Approach, Networks
The End of Life Ritual
No full textabstract: "Memento mori- remember you must die." Death is not a simple topic for anyone to address, especially when they are already grieving the loss of a loved one or the realization that they too will die one day. Death and the practice of death rituals are things that all humans have in common, but at the same time they are something that we will all go through alone and all perceive differently. It can be extremely isolating and painful to grieve or to confront the reality of our own life ending, but it is something that many of us must face. Rituals are what give us the ability to reflect and work through difficult emotions and the ritual created through this project is no different
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PENGETAHUAN TRADISIONAL PADA AYAMNAPINADAR SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PELESTARIAN BUDAYA LOKAL DAN PENINGKATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT BATAK TOBA
No full textTraditional knowledge is an important part of the cultural identity of indigenous communities, passed down through generations and serving social, spiritual, and economic functions. One manifestation of this is evident in Toba Batak cuisine, namely Ayam Napinadar, a traditional dish containing symbolic value and deep cultural meaning. For the Toba Batak people, Ayam Napinadar not only plays a role in traditional ceremonies but also serves as a symbol of respect, togetherness, and a source of economic strengthening for the community. However, modernization and commercialization of culinary arts pose challenges such as declining interest from the younger generation, the loss of traditional processing techniques, and risks triggered by outsiders who do not understand its philosophical value. Furthermore, legal protection for traditional knowledge in Indonesia is not optimal because existing regulations do not provide a specific mechanism to protect traditional culinary traditions communally. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe the conservation practices, processing techniques, cultural meaning, and economic potential of Ayam Napinadar. Data were collected through direct observation at the Kepala Kakap Restaurant and in-depth interviews with the owner and employees who understand the production process. Additional documentation in the form of field notes and photographs was also used to strengthen the findings. The analysis was conducted through a process of data reduction, presentation, and verification using source triangulation. The results indicate that the preservation of Ayam Napinadar still relies on oral transmission and is carried out directly without formal documentation. Legal protection is also inadequate, making this dish vulnerable to shifting meanings and exploitation. Nevertheless, Ayam Napinadar has significant economic potential through culinary tourism and the development of MSMEs. Therefore, special regulations, systematic documentation, and community empowerment are needed to prevent cultural poverty while boosting the local economy
Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy in Structural Protein Studies
No full textTo investigate proteins in solution, we have used liquid holders developed by DENS solutions for liquid phase transmission electron microscopy. We have studied three different proteins by LTEM with two different aims
Imaging Protein Dynamics in Liquid Water
No full textWe propose the combination of all-atom simulations with LP EM to complement structural studies with dynamic investigations. In this work, we exploited LPEM to image the dynamics of proteins undergoing.Brownian motion, using their natural rotation to access the particle structural landscape for reconstructing its architecture in 3D using tomographic techniques
