23 research outputs found
Antidepressants and suicide prevention: an individual-based prescription database study in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
No full textObjective: To investigate the possible impact of the increased use of antidepressants on suicide rates in the Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG). Method: Individual-based data on antidepressants in FVG from 1997 to 2006 were obtained from the regional prescription database, and linked to data on suicide for the same period obtained from the regional health information system. Age and sex were considered. Results: The number of users of antidepressants increased almost fivefold during the study period. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors accounted for 71% of the individual users in 2006. The number of defined daily doses (DDD) per patient increased almost sevenfold. In parallel, the suicide rate decreased by one-third in men as well as in women, and in subjects under and over the age of 60 years. Conclusion: Suicide rates in FVG have declined in agreement with the hypothesis that the use of antidepressants may prevent suicide
Farre barn behandlas med SSRI, fler begar sjalvmord. Orovackande trend bland barn och unga i USA
No full textFarre barn behandlas med SSRI, fler begar sjalvmord. Orovackande trend bland barn och unga i USA
No full textSelective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and the risk of violent suicide: a nationwide postmortem study
No full textPurposeWe endeavored to investigate whether previous findings of an association between antemortem exposure to selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) and method of suicide could be replicated.MethodsUsing the Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicines toxicology database and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfares national registries of causes of death and prescriptions, 10,002 incidents of suicide were retrieved. Risks of violent suicide conferred by SSRIs, expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated using logistic regression. In accordance with previous work, suicide by violent meanscaseswere defined as death attributable to causes designated by ICD-10 codes X70-X83 and Y20-Y33; and suicide by non-violent meanscontrolsby codes X60-X69 and Y10-Y19.ResultsOur results imply that SSRI exposure confers a risk of violent suicide for shorter treatment durations; and that antemortem exposure to other substances (including illegal drugs) confounds estimates of risk. After adjustment for age, sex, and other substances, SSRIs treatment not exceeding 28days conferred an almost fourfold risk of violent suicide (OR 3.6 [95% CI 1.9-6.8]), a finding partly in line with a recent Swedish study that employed a case-crossover design.ConclusionsAlthough risks associated with shorter treatment duration may reflect latencies to onset of therapeutic effect, it is unclear how latencies would influence the choice of suicide method, unless conditions for which SSRIs are prescribed are themselves associated with violent suicide. Finally, in the total dataset, SSRIs were not associated with an increased risk of violent suicide; however, by adjusting for other substances, we avoided the spurious conclusion that the effect of medications in this regard is protective
Strong mechanically-induced effects in DC current-biased suspended Josephson junctions
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from American Physical Society via the DOI in this recordSuperconductivity is a result of quantum coherence at macroscopic scales. Two superconductors separated by a metallic or insulating weak link exhibit the AC Josephson effect - the conversion of a DC voltage bias into an AC supercurrent. This current may be used to activate mechanical oscillations in a suspended weak link. As the DC voltage bias condition is remarkably difficult to achieve in experiments, here we analyse theoretically how the Josephson effect can be exploited to activate and detect mechanical oscillations in the experimentally relevant condition with purely DC current bias. We unveil for the first time how changing the strength of the electromechanical coupling results in two qualitatively different regimes showing dramatic effects of the oscillations on the DC current-voltage characteristic of the device. These include the apperance of Shapiro-like plateaux for weak coupling and a sudden mechanically-induced retrapping for strong coupling. Our predictions, measurable in state of the art experimental setups, allow the determination of the frequency and quality factor of the resonator using DC only techniques.Financial support from the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2015-101) and the Royal Society (IE140367, NI160073, TM160190) are gratefully acknowledged
Serotonergic medication enhances the association between suicide and sunshine
No full textBackground: An association between suicide and sunshine has been reported. The effect of sunshine on hormones and neurotransmitters such as serotonin has been hypothesized to exert a possible triggering effect on susceptible individuals. The aim of this study is to examine if there is an association between sunshine and suicide, adjusting for season, and if such an association differs between individuals on different antidepressants. Methods: By using Swedish Registers and the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute we obtained information, including forensic data on antidepressive medication for 12,448 suicides and data on monthly sunshine duration. The association between monthly suicide and sunshine hours was examined with Poisson regression analyses while stratifying for sex and age and controlling for time trend and season. These analyses were repeated in different groups of antidepressant treatment. Results: We found a significantly increased suicide risk with increasing sunshine in both men and women. This finding disappeared when we adjusted for season. Among both men and women treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) there was a positive association between sunshine and suicide even after adjustment for season and time trend for suicide. Pair comparisons showed that the sunshine-suicide association was stronger among men treated with SSRIs compared to other antidepressant medications or no medication at all. Limitations: Other meteorological factors were not controlled (i.e. temperature) for in the analyses. Conclusions: There is an enhanced association between sunshine and suicide among those with SSRI medication, even after adjusting for season. This may have interesting theoretical and clinical implications.</p
Highly Conducting Nanographite-Filled Paper Fabricated via Standard Papermaking Techniques
No full textEco-friendly and cost-effective materials and processes to manufacture functional substrates are crucial to further advance the area of printed electronics. One potential key component in the printed electronics platform is an electrically functionalized paper, produced by simply mixing common cellulosic pulp fibers with high-performance electroactive materials. Herein, an electronic paper including nanographite has been prepared using a standardized and scalable papermaking technique. No retention aid was needed to achieve a conducting nanographite loading as high as 50 wt %. The spontaneous retention that provides the integrity and stability of the nanographite paper, likely originates partially from an observed water-stable adhesion of nanographite flakes onto the fiber surfaces. The resulting paper exhibits excellent electrical characteristics, such as an in-plane conductivity of 107 S/cm and an areal capacitance of 9.2 mF/cm(2), and was explored as the back-electrode in printed electrochromic displays.Funding Agencies|Digital Cellulose Centre, a competence center set up by the Swedish Innovation Agency VINNOVA; consortium of Swedish forest industries; Wallenberg Wood Science Center (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation); VINNOVA "EPIC" projectVinnova [2017-05413]; Karl-Erik Onnesjo Foundation</p
Immigration, Transition into Adult Life and Social Adversity in Relation to Psychological Distress and Suicide Attempts among Young Adults
No full textBackground: The increasing incidence of mental health problems among young people is a major concern in many Western countries. The causal mechanisms underlying these trends are not well established, but factors influenced by current societal changes ought to be implicated. Such factors include immigration and social adversity as well as the timing of taking on adult social roles (e.g. gainful employment, parenthood and own housing tenure). We therefore examined relationships between these factors and the risks of psychological distress as well as suicide attempts in young adults, with a focus on gender differences. Methods: We conducted a population-based study including 10,081 individuals aged 18-29, recruited in 2002 and 2006 in Stockholm, Sweden. Data were collected by record linkage and questionnaires. Results: Non-European immigrants had an increased risk of distress, and female non-European immigrants had a markedly higher risk of suicide attempts. Both early parenthood (<= 24 years) and not being a parent, being a student and the lack of own housing tenure were associated with distress, but only in women. In both sexes, financial strain was associated with the increased risk of distress and suicide attempts, while unemployment was only associated with distress. Conclusions: Immigration from outside Europe and social adversity are associated with mental health problems in young adults, especially females. Postponed transition into adulthood is associated with poor mental health in young women. These factors are influenced by current societal changes, and may have contributed to the increasing incidence of mental health problems among young people in Western countries
Dentes natais e neonatais: uma revisão da literatura
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Odontologia.O irrompimento dental inicia-se na cavidade bucal por volta dos seis meses de idade. No entanto, existem casos em que o elemento dental pode estar presente ao nascimento - dente natal, ou até o primeiro mês de vida da criança - dente neonatal. Na maioria das vezes, os dentes natais e neonatais são pequenos, cônicos e pouco desenvolvidos, apresentando uma coloração amarelo-acastanhada e hipoplasia do esmalte. Quando eles estão presentes na cavidade bucal, o exame radiográfico é de extrema importância para avaliar se esses dentes fazem parte da dentição decídua normal ou se são supranumerários. A doença de Riga-Fede é a complicação mais comum associada a essas anomalias. Tal complicação dificulta a sucção e a alimentação, podendo trazer deficiências nutricionais ao bebê. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os dentes natais e neonatais. Foram utilizadas como fontes de pesquisa as bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Foram incluídos os artigos de pesquisas, revisões de literatura e casos clínicos, totalizando 12 trabalhos publicados no período de 2000 a 2011, e quatro artigos clássicos, do período de 1984 a 2006. As informações necessárias para a realização da revisão da literatura foram obtidas através da leitura dos artigos na íntegra e os dados levantados foram agrupados em subitens com o objetivo de sistematizar os achados. Dos 16 artigos selecionados, dois (12,5%) são do tipo pesquisa, oito (50%) do tipo caso clínico, cinco (31,25%) são revisões de literatura e apenas um (6,25%) é do tipo revisão de literatura e caso clínico. Desses 16 artigos, 12 (75%) relataram tal alteração como um fenômeno bastante raro. Do total de 15 dentes encontrados nos artigos de casos clínicos, oito (53,33%) eram natais e sete (46,67%) neonatais. Desse total, 11 (73,33%) encontravam-se na região de incisivos inferiores e, apenas quatro (26,67%) na região de molares superiores. Doze (75%) artigos afirmam que a sua etiologia é multifatorial. Desses, quatro (33,33%) afirmam que a teoria mais aceita é a posição superficial do germe dental associada à hereditariedade. Onze artigos (68,75%) mostram que os dentes natais e neonatais são geralmente pouco desenvolvidos, cônicos, de cor amarelada, e, geralmente, apresentam alta mobilidade. Oito trabalhos (50%) revelam que o exame radiográfico é de extrema importância para o diagnóstico e/ou tratamento. Dos oito artigos do tipo caso clínico, quatro (50%) relataram o caso de crianças que apresentavam apenas dentes natais e neonatais sem qualquer outra alteração e/ou complicação, e os outros quatro (50%) associaram a presença desses dentes com a doença de Riga-Fede. Dos quatro casos clínicos que apresentavam dentes natais e neonatais sem alterações e/ou complicações, todos optaram pela exodontia dos elementos. Todos os artigos que indicaram a exodontia do dente natal/neonatal recomendaram evitar tal procedimento antes de a criança completar dez dias de idade. Conclui-se que a presença de dentes natais e neonatais é uma condição bastante rara e mais estudos ainda são necessários para confirmar a sua etiologia. O encaminhamento dos Médicos Pediatras para os Odontopediatras para avaliação e recomendações no que diz respeito à higiene bucal é fundamental, pois são esses os primeiros profissionais a ter contato com os recém-nascidos
