1,720,955 research outputs found
Small Scale Farming and Agricultural Products Marketing for Sustainable Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria
Full text linkAgricultural productions in developing countries have largely been on subsistence basis. The farmers only produce for their families and quantity of food produced are grossly inadequate for the growing population. There is increase widespread in the level of poverty amongst the people, most especially those living in the rural areas. Small scale farming has become one of the ways to tackle the problem of lack and poverty amongst these people. The paper therefore, examines how Small Scale farming assists in alleviating poverty in both rural and urban cities; most especially through marketing of agricultural products to the people. Relevant data were sought from the 356 respondents selected for the study through the Key Informant Interviews (KII). The Student T test and Chi square statistical techniques were further employed to test the Hypotheses stated in the study. Result of the finding reveals the importance of Small Scale Farming and Agricultural Products Marketing in poverty alleviation, most especially among the rural dwellers. It also indicated lack of access to fund as the major problem facing Small Scale Farming and increase cost of transportation as the major problem facing marketing of agricultural products. The Paper recommends that Individuals and Government can combat some of these challenges facing Small Scale Farming by providing adequate basic social infrastructures; make available more funds to the farmers and create more employment opportunities amongst others. The paper concludes that Agriculture no doubt, is an important sector that needs to be given attention in any developing economy. Key words: Small scale farming; Marketing; Rural dwellers; Key interview guide; Agricultural products and poverty Résumé: Les productions agricoles dans les pays en voie de développement étaient principalement sur la base de subsistance. Les agriculteurs ne produisent que pour leurs familles et la quantité des aliments produits est nettement insuffisante pour la population croissante. Il y a une augmentation généralisée de la pauvreté parmi la population, plus particulièrement ceux vivant dans les zones rurales. L'agriculture à petite échelle est devenue l'une des façons pour s'attaquer au problème du manque et de la pauvreté parmi cette population. L'article examine donc comment l'agriculture à petite échelle aide à soulager le problème de la pauvreté dans les villes rurales et urbaines; plus particulièrement à travers la commercialisation des produits agricoles. Des données pertinentes ont été recueillies auprès des 356 répondants sélectionnés pour l'étude en utilisant la méthode des interviews d'informateurs clés (IIC). Le test T et les techniques statistiques de Chi carré ont été employés plus tard pour tester les hypothèses énoncées dans l'étude. Le résultat de la recherche révèle l'importance de l'agriculture à petite échelle et la commercialisation des produits agricoles dans la réduction de la pauvreté, surtout parmi les habitants des zones rurales. Il a également indiqué le manque d'accès aux fonds comme le problème majeur auquel l'agriculture à petite échelle fait face et les coûts de transport croissant comme le problème majeur de commercialisation des produits agricoles. Le document recommande que les individus et le gouvernement peuvent combattre certains de ces défis confrontés par l'agriculture à petite échelle, en assurant des adéquates infrastructures sociales de base; mettant plus de fonds à la disposition des agriculteurs et créant davantage d'emplois entre autres. L'article conclut que l'agriculture est sans aucun doute un secteur important qui doit être accordé plus d'attention dans n'importe quelle économie en développement. Mots-clés: Petite agriculture à petite échelle; Commercialisation; Habitants ruraux; Guide d'interview clés; Produits agricoles et pauvret
UTILIZING PHYSICAL RESOURCES FOR GOAL ACHIEVEMENT IN NATIONAL TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTE
No full textA Study on Sources of Health Financing in Nigeria: Implications for Health care Marketers and Planners
No full textThere have been increasing difficulties in providing qualitative health care services to the public in Nigeria. The development has called for the need to examine ways through which government and other stakeholders resolve these crises in the health sector. The objective of this paper is to examine the level of Government spending to total Health expenditures in Nigeria. This study basically employs secondary data for analysis. The secondary data are provided from the World Bank Development indicators and Internet. The data was analyzed using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient Statistical technique. The result revealed a strong positive Correlation (r = 0.634) between Government Health Spending and Total Health Spending. This indicates that Government Health Spending constitutes a significant proportion of the Total Health Expenditures in Nigeria; despite complains about inadequate health financing. In conclusion, the Nigerian Health sector would become more vibrant, if the Government and the Private sector are ready to give the necessary commitments required to achieve the laudable objective of qualitative health for all. The study recommends for more Government Health funding towards tackling the prevalence of some chronic diseases such as HIV, Asthma, Tuberculosis, Meningitis and Paralysis, etc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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