536 research outputs found
The Durham mint: the control, organization, profits and out put of an ecclesiastical mint
No full textThe university libraries of Durham and Cambridge have been the indispensable foundation of my work. I have spent countless enjoyable and extremely fruitful hours in the Archives and Special Collections department of Durham University Library, and in the Dean and Chapter Library of Durham Cathedral. The archivists and librarians of those two great sources of material and inspiration for Durham historians have always been helpful, often beyond the call of duty. Mr Patrick Musset and Mr Alan Piper helped me with many tricky matters of palaeography, and Ms Linda Drury has been a source of wisdom concerning Weardale mining. Mr Roger Norris has always offered a friendly and tolerant welcome in the Dean and Chapter Library. My greatest debt of gratitude in the Durham fellowship of archivists and librarians is to Mr Martin Snape, who laboriously checked my calendar of documentary evidence, and brought to my attention the mint indenture of 1367. The Public Record Office and the Borthwick Institute, University of York, have also been safe havens of documentary research, and their staffs have been unfailing in their friendly help. Dr Constance Fraser generously provided many transcripts of PRO documents from the reigns of Edward I and Edward, produced for her own research, which have been invaluable. Miss Ethel Stokes deserves an extremely posthumous mention for her excellent transcripts of thirteenth- century PRO documents, made for H.B.E. Fox shortly before the First World War. Mrs Yvonne Harvey and Dr Barrie Cook have provided unpublished information about the dies in the PRO and the British Museum respectively. Miss M.M. Archibald, Mr Christopher Bailey, Mr Edward Besly, Ms Kristin Bornholdt, Dr Cook, Mr Robert Heslip, Mr N.M.McQ. Holmes, Mr D. Lockwood, Mr Nicholas Mayhew, and Mr D. Robinson have very generously provided unpublished hoard data. The corpus of hoards would be much poorer without the contributions of Mr Besly, Dr Cook, and Mr Holmes in particular. Mr Holmes and Mr Keith Sugden have patiently answered onerous enquiries about obscure hoard publications. Dr Sean Miller has provided important data from the Early Medieval Corpus of single finds. The Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, the British Museum, Sunderland Museums, and last but not least my employers the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, have provided coins for illustration. Four collectors have also allowed their coins to be illustrated: Mr Joe Bispham, Mr Denis Martin, Dr Ian Taylor, and Mr Robert Thomas. Professor T.V. Buttrey has read the thesis with great care, saving me from a multitude of errors, although he could not save me from the sin of attempting to estimate mint outputs. Dr Mark Blackburn, Dr Robin Eaglen, Mr Mayhew, Mr Jeffrey North, Dr Peter Spufford, and Lord Stewartby have read parts of the thesis and offered many valuable comments and suggestions. They and others have greatly encouraged me in a seemingly interminable project by their interest in its progress, and Mr David Palmer and Mr Christopher Wren also deserve a particularly honourable mention in that regard. The laurel must go to my supervisor, Mr John Casey, who has shown superhuman endurance in the six years since he first succumbed to the obviously mad idea that a Roman archaeologist could supervise a thesis on a medieval mint. John has been a good supervisor, and a good friend. My greatest regret in completing this thesis is that my mother, Vera, and father, George, did not live to see the end of a project that depended so much upon their love and encouragement
Signa Ugucionis : le monete
No full textCoins of various mints and types were used as 'passports' of identification at the gates of castles and cities within the territories of Uguccione (Emilia
Phylogenetische und taxonomische Untersuchungen an der Subtribus Menthinae (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae, Mentheae) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Satureja-Komplexes
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La Quarta Crociata e la monetazione nell’area mediterranea
No full textQuesto contributo esamina dapprima una panoramica delle monete e zecche in Italia e nel Mediterraneo orientale tra la fine del XII secolo e la metà del XIII (fine dell’Impero latino di Costantinopoli); propone considerazioni politiche, iconografiche ed economiche sulla monetazione degli imperatori latini, ed infine inserisce in tale contesto l’introduzione del primo grosso d’argento della zecca di Venezia: fu questa una moneta creata per gli scambi con Bisanzio o non forse per le relazioni con le aree produttrici di argento a nord di Venezia? L’analisi dei ripostigli sembra confermare quest’ultima ipotesi. Il contributo propone in sostanza una discussione su un grande tema di storia monetaria italiana ed europea.This paper considers first an overview of coins and mints across the Eastern Mediterranean between the late 12th century and the mid 13th century (end of the Latin Empire of Constantinople). It proposes political, icnographich and economic observations on the coinage of the Latin Empire, and finally it discusses the introduction of the first silver grosso of Venice: was this coin created for exchanges with Byzantium, or was it created for internal use and exchanges with the silver producing regions north of Venice? Finds from north-east Italy and across the Eastern Mediterranean seem to prove the second hipothesis. The paper opened a discussion on a theme of great relevance for the monetary history of Italy and Europe
Lincoln c. 850-1100 : a study in economic and urban growth
No full textThe dissertation investigates the increasing number and
complexity of towns between c. 850 and c. 1100, through the
detailed study of Lincoln in this period. Utilising
archaeological and documentary evidence to trace the multifaceted
nature of early medieval towns, it confirms that economic
change was the principal cause of urban growth. Pottery and coin
evidence shed some light upon the progress and nature of economic
development.
The role of a significant elite centre or an elite-founded wic
are both disputed in considering the origins of urban Lincoln.
The questioning of the importance of these reinforces the view
that the Vikings had a considerable impact on the development of
Lincoln. The nature of their role was to create a small
concentration of population, which then served as a focus for the
economic growth already underway in the rural economy; which the
Great Army must have initially disrupted.
The key role of Viking rulers or West Saxon kings in the later
economic and urban development at Lincoln is disputed. Instead
the thesis considers that subsequent topographical and economic
change is mostly attributable to urban elites in Lincoln rather
than to distant political figures. Many of these developments
were utilised by Viking and West Saxon rulers but they were not
influential in creating them. Once established Lincoln's
development seems to have been most pronounced in the tenth
century, with urban status rapidly attained.
Lincoln had an impact on the surrounding area through trade, and
tenurial links can also be identified in the late eleventh
century. Lincoln did not however dominate the surrounding area,
although it may have brought about greater landholding complexity
and influenced the composition of the surrounding rural populace
Coins, monetisation and re-use in medieval England and Wales: new interpretations made possible by the Portable Antiquities Scheme.
No full textCoins are a vital source of evidence for many aspects of the medieval past. In this thesis a large volume of provenanced coin records collected and published online by the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) are analysed to look for patterns of monetization and coin use in medieval England and Wales. While the approach used here will make full use of numismatic methods it also seeks to evolve an interdisciplinary perspective to the data. As well as providing the first national study of this kind the research also aims to draw out evidence for alternative, non-monetary uses of coins, including the adaption of coinage for other purposes, for example jewellery. Additionally the impact and various roles played by imported foreign coins will be assessed to provide a new perspective on
England’s links with its near Continental neighbours and beyond.
The results demonstrate a long and complex story of coin use and monetisation over the study period. The spread of coin use was intimately linked to coin production which was itself a geographically contingent phenomenon absorbing metals through trade with the Continent. Coin distributions were also subject to dynamics such as levels of population
and other demographic factors. Foreign coins played an important role at times in English currency, if not always a welcome one. The political contacts of the English crown is borne out in the appearance of many imported coins but direct trading links, for example with Venice, mutually beneficial currency agreements, as arranged with the Burgundians in the
fifteenth century, or coins as the simple souvenirs of pilgrims also played a part. By exploring the re-use of coins this thesis significantly expands current understandings of how medieval people viewed coinage and how they attributed new meanings to them
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