577 research outputs found
Some Model Theoretic Properties for Pavelka-Style Gödel Logic, RGL* and Gödel Logic with Δ
No full textPavelka-style (rational) Gödel logic is an extension of Gödel logic which is denoted by RGL*. In this article, due to the approximate Craig interpolation property for RGL*, the Robinson theorem and approximate Beth theorem are presented and proved. Then, the omitting types theorem for this logic is expressed and proved. At the end, as a reduction, the omitting types theorem for standard Gödel logic with Δ is studied
Pictogram use was validated for estimating individual's body mass index
No full textObjective: We designed this study to assess the validity and reliability of pictogram for estimating body mass index (BMI). Study Design and Setting: Participants of Golestan cohort study during 2000-2004 were recruited in this study. Demographic and anthropometric information (weight, height, and BMI) were collected on all participants. A set of drawings (pictogram) ranging from very lean to obese were used to assess the individual's perception of their body size. Sensitivity and specificity of each pictogram score were calculated and cutoff points were determined using sensitivity/specificity plots. We used receiver operating characteristic curves to assess the validity of pictogram scores. Results: Of the 15,437 subjects enrolled in the study, 6,574 (42.6) were males and 8,863 (57.4) were females. Their mean±standard deviation age was 52.58±9.28 years. Pictogram scores 1, 2, and 3 were assigned to normal participants; pictogram score 4 was selected by overweight subjects, and finally, pictogram scores equal or higher than 5 were selected by obese ones (area under curve: 0.83-0.85). Conclusion: According to our results, pictogram is a valid measure for discriminating obese or overweight from normal individuals, and for distinguishing obese from overweight or normal individuals. So it can be concluded that body image pictogram is valid for discriminating normal and obese individuals. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Self-monitoring by traffic light color coding versus usual care on outcomes of patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: Patients with heart failure (HF) reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have symptoms that are more severe and experience a higher rate of hospitalization compared with HF preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients. However, symptom recognition cannot be made by patients based on current approaches. This problem is a barrier to effective self-care that needs to be improved by new self-monitoring instruments and strategies. Objective: This study describes a protocol for the self-monitoring daily diaries of weight and shortness of breath (SOB) based on the traffic light system (TLS). The primary objective is to compare the self-care between the intervention and control group. Comparison of HF knowledge, HF quality of life (HFQOL), and all-cause hospitalization between the 2 groups are the secondary objectives. Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial is being conducted at the HF clinic at Tehran Heart Center (Tehran, Iran). Sixty-eight adult patients of both genders will be enrolled during admission to HF clinic. Eligible subjects will be assigned to either the intervention or control group by a block balanced randomization method. Baseline surveys will be conducted before random allocation. Participants in the intervention group will receive an integrated package consisting of (1) HF self-care education by an Australian Heart Foundation booklet on HF, (2) regular home self-monitoring of weight and SOB, and (3) scheduled call follow-ups for 3 months. Patients in the control group will receive no intervention and they only complete monthly surveys. Results: This study is ongoing and is expected to be completed by the end of 2018. Conclusions: This is the first trial with new self-monitoring instruments in Iran as a low and middle-income country. If the findings show a positive effect, the package will be applied in different regions with the same health care status. ©Mahin Nomali, Ramin Mohammadrezaei, Abbas Ali Keshtkar, Gholamreza Roshandel, Shahrzad Ghiyasvandian, Kian Alipasandi, Masoumeh Zakerimoghadam
Association Between Incident Type 2 Diabetes and Opium Use: Mediation by Body Mass and Adiposity
No full textOpiates can affect glucose metabolism and obesity, but no large prospective study (to our knowledge) has investigated the association between long-term opium use, body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2), and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We analyzed prospective data from 50,045 Golestan Cohort Study participants in Iran (enrollment: 2004-2008). After excluding participants with preexisting diseases, including diabetes, we used adjusted Poisson regression models to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for T2DM in opium users compared with nonusers, using mediation analysis to assess the BMI-mediated association of opium use with incident T2DM. Of 40,083 included participants (mean age = 51.4 (standard deviation, 8.8) years; 56% female), 16% were opium users (median duration of use, 10 (interquartile range), 4-20) years). During follow-up (until January 2020), 5,342 incident T2DM cases were recorded, including 8.5% of opium users and 14.2% of nonusers. Opium use was associated with an overall decrease in incident T2DM (IRR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.92), with a significant dose-response association. Most (84.3%) of this association was mediated by low BMI or waist circumference, and opium use did not have a direct association with incident T2DM (IRR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.08). Long-term opium use was associated with lower incidence of T2DM, which was mediated by low body mass and adiposity
Sex and smoking differences in the association between gastroesophageal reflux and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a high-incidence area: Golestan Cohort Study
No full textPrior studies have conflicting findings regarding the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We examined this relationship in a prospective cohort in a region of high ESCC incidence. Baseline exposure data were collected from 50 045 individuals using in-person interviews at the time of cohort entry. Participants were followed until they developed cancer, died, or were lost to follow up. Participants with GERD symptoms were categorized into any GERD (heartburn or regurgitation), mixed symptoms, or heartburn alone. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess the relationship between GERD symptom group and histologically confirmed ESCC. The model was adjusted for known risk factors for GERD and ESCC. 49 559 individuals were included in this study, of which 9005 had GERD symptoms. Over 13.0 years of median follow up, 290 individuals were diagnosed with ESCC. We found no association between any GERD and risk of ESCC (aHR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.66-1.24, P =.54). Similar findings were observed for the GERD symptom subtypes. Significant interactions between any GERD and sex (P =.013) as well as tobacco smoking (P =.028) were observed. In post-hoc analyses, GERD was associated with a decreased risk of ESCC in men (aHR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.98 P =.04) and in smokers (aHR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.83 P =.02). While there was little evidence for an overall association between GERD symptoms and ESCC risk, significant interactions with sex and smoking were observed. Men and smokers with GERD symptoms had a lower risk of ESCC development
Analysis of Oilseed of Halophytic Species: Atriplex Griffithii, Haloxylon Ammodendron, Salicornia Europaea, Salsola Yazdiana
Get PDFSeeds of Atriplex griffithii, Haloxylon ammodendron, Salicornia europaea and Salsola yazdiana were analyzed to determine their potential as sources of edible oil. The quantity of total oil varied from 13.8% in Atriplex griffithii to 20.9% in H. ammodendron. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids were higher (62-73.8%), with the highest values of α-linoleic acid (18.6%), linoleic acid (28.6%) and oleic acid (19.7%) in the seeds of A. griffithii, H. ammodendron and S. europaea, respectively. Results of physicochemical evaluation of the extracted oils ranged as follows: iodine values, 99.8-106.5 (g I2/100 g); saponification value, 188-283 (mg KOH/1g of oil); peroxide value, 9-13 (meq/kg) and refractive index, 1.4750- 1.4761. Amongst these oilseeds, S. europaea (containing 73.8% unsaturated fatty acids but not erucic acid) was the highest in quality for human consumption followed by H. ammodendron
Morphometric changes of rat testis after subchronic oral lead intoxication and D-penicillamine treatment
No full textLead poisoning is a worldwide health problem and its treatment is under investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of D-Penicillamine in reducing lead induced morphometric changes in rat testis. Male adult rats were exposed to 0.4% lead acetate in drinking water for 8 weeks. After this period 6 rats were sacrificed and testes were removed to evaluate the effects of lead intoxication. The remained lead exposed rats were divided into two groups, one group received distilled water and the other group received oral D-P treatment for six weeks, after one week of recovery. Testis morphometric changes were studied in H and E stained sections. After 8 weeks, width of germinal epithelium and number of sertoli cells in test group were decreased compared with negative and positive control rats (p<0.05), while no changes were observed in the number of spermatogonia or primary spermatocytes. After recovery or treatment, germinal epithelium and sertoli cells were still significantly lower than control group (p<0.05). Primary spermatocytes and spermatogonia were decreased after both recovery and treatment periods which was not significant. This study showed that subchronic oral lead intoxication induces some changes in adult testis which are not reversible even after D-P administration. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information
Cancer incidence in Iran in 2014: Results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry.
Get PDFBACKGROUND:
We aimed to report, for the first time, the results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR) for the year 2014.
METHODS:
Total population of Iran in 2014 was 76,639,000. The INPCR covered 30 out of 31 provinces (98% of total population). It registered only cases diagnosed with malignant new primary tumors. The main sources for data collection included pathology center, hospitals as well as death registries. Quality assessment and analysis of data were performed by CanReg-5 software. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) (per 100,000) were reported at national and subnational levels.
RESULTS:
Overall, 112,131 new cancer cases were registered in INPCR in 2014, of which 60,469 (53.9%) were male. The diagnosis of cancer was made by microscopic confirmation in 76,568 cases (68.28%). The ASRs of all cancers were 177.44 and 141.18 in male and female, respectively. Cancers of the stomach (ASR = 21.24), prostate (18.41) and colorectum (16.57) were the most common cancers in men and the top three cancers in women were malignancies of breast (34.53), colorectum (11.86) and stomach (9.44). The ASR of cervix uteri cancer in women was 1.78. Our findings suggested high incidence of cancers of the esophagus, stomach and lung in North/ North West of Iran.
CONCLUSION:
Our results showed that Iran is a medium-risk area for incidence of cancers. We found differences in the most common cancers in Iran comparing to those reported for the World. Our results also suggested geographical diversities in incidence rates of cancers in different subdivisions of Iran
Molar pregnancy and co-existent foetus: A report of two cases
Get PDFMolar pregnancy with a co-existent foetus will lead to preterm labour, severe preeclampsia or bleeding in most of the cases and may need urgent intervention. However, if it does not become complicated with preeclampsia or preterm Labour, the outcome is usually good, with minimal post partum complications and so such pregnancies can be managed with watchful waiting and close observation. The first case was a 29 year-old at 19 weeks of gestation, with hypertension, oedema and severe epigastric pain. Karyotypic assessment of the contents of the uterus revealed a 46-XX foetus with no chromosomal abnormality, as well as the molar placenta also suggesting a complete mole with 46-XX. The second case was a 19 year old woman in labour. A pathological study of the delivered contents of the uterus revealed a complete hydatidiform mole and a normal placenta
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