2,443 research outputs found
Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization in the Microlithography Industry: Implications for Japanese Science-based Industries
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to identify characteristics of the complexities and organizational limits that science-based industries in Japan are facing, to clarify the causes and effects of those characteristics and to show how they are related to the recent decline in global competitiveness in these industries. The microlithography industry is used for this purpose as a typical example of science-based industries. In this industry, Nikon and Canon were quite dominant until around the mid 1990s, while ASML of the Netherlands began to increase its competitive strength rapidly in the mid 1990s. The paper introduces the new concept of "interim modularity" vis-a-vis "ex ante modularity" a la Baldwin and Clark (2000) to explain how ASML tries to cope effectively with the drastically increasing complexity of such a technology. The concept of interim modularity is defined as the communication benefits induced by the modular architecture during trial-and-error development processes, no matter how incomplete such architecture may be. The paper emphasizes that extremely complex tools like microlithography require interim modularity to effectively orchestrate the dispersion of specialized knowledge and know-how over a wide range of professionals inside and outside of corporations and that interim modularity is more effectively pursued by ASML than by Nikon or Canon. The paper also indicates that the insufficient cognition of the importance of interim modularity has been widely weakening the competitiveness especially in Japanese science-based industries.
10.パルス中性子スピンエコー装置製作と準備研究(東北大学理学部物理学教室,修士論文アブストラクト(1984年度))
Full text linkこの論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました
Data for ''First simulations of day-to-day variability of mid-latitude sporadic E layer structures''
Full text linkOne file was added on July 21, 2020. (Caiondensity_average.nc)Two files were added on August 3, 2020. (ReadMe2_si_grl.pdf, S1.txt)The title was changed on August 3, 2020. (Before: Simulated Calcium Ion Density)One author was added on August 3, 2020. (Shinagawa Hiroyuki)ReadMe file was replaced on October 13, 2020.Two files were deleted on October 13, 2020. (ReadMe2_si_grl.pdf, S1.txt)Three files were added on October 13, 2020. (MeridionalWind_fig1.txt, VerticalWind_fig1.txt, ZonalWind_fig1.txt
Truncation of N- and C-terminal regions of Streptococcus mutans dextranase enhances catalytic activity.
Full text linkMultiple forms of native and recombinant endo-dextranases (Dexs) of the glycoside hydrolase family (GH) 66 exist. The GH 66 Dex gene from Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 (SmDex) was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant full-size (95.4 kDa) SmDex protein was digested to form an 89.8 kDa isoform (SmDex90). The purified SmDex90 was proteolytically degraded to more than seven polypeptides (23-70 kDa) during long storage. The protease-insensitive protein was desirable for the biochemical analysis and utilization of SmDex. GH 66 Dex was predicted to comprise four regions from the N- to C-termini: N-terminal variable region (N-VR), conserved region (CR), glucan-binding site (GBS), and C-terminal variable region (C-VR). Five truncated SmDexs were generated by deleting N-VR, GBS, and/or C-VR. Two truncation-mutant enzymes devoid of C-VR (TM-NCGΔ) or N-VR/C-VR (TM-ΔCGΔ) were catalytically active, thereby indicating that N-VR and C-VR were not essential for the catalytic activity. TM-ΔCGΔ did not accept any further protease-degradation during long storage. TM-NCGΔ and TM-ΔCGΔ enhanced substrate hydrolysis, suggesting that N-VR and C-VR induce hindered substrate binding to the active site
Mid-Air Ultrasonic Stimulations of the Palm - The Influence of Frequency and Stimulus Duration on Perceived Intensity
No full textIt is known that the duration of a short stimulus affects the perceived intensity of both visual, auditory, and, vibrotactile events, but it is still unclear whether such a relationship also exists for mid-air ultrasonic inputs to the hand. Here we investigate this issue and show how the perceived intensity of focused ultrasonic stimulations of the palm is indeed systematically related to stimulus duration - a relationship that is, however, independent of modulation frequency. This is an important finding for the overall goal of providing perceptually stronger inputs and enlarging the repertoire of realistic mid-air haptic experiences.Human Information Communication Desig
Two cases of adrenal cysts--the meaning of imaging in diagnosing adrenal cysts
Full text linkTwo cases of adrenal cysts are reported. The first case is of a left adrenal cyst in a 19-year-old woman and was incidentally discovered by computed tomography (CT). Its margin was clear, its contents was homogeneous and its signal indicated water contents on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It was punctured and is now followed up by CT. The second case is of a left adrenal cyst in a 62-year-old woman, which also happened to be discovered by CT. Its contents was heterogeneous by MRI. It was removed and proved to be a lymphangiomatous cyst. The conclusion is that MRI will be useful in the differential diagnosis of adrenal cysts
RFLNA遺伝子のフレームシフト変異をホモ接合性に認めた典型的な脊椎手根骨足根骨癒合症の一例
Full text linkSpondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome, a rare syndromic skeletal disorder characterized by disrupted vertebral segmentation with vertebral fusion, scoliosis, short stature, and carpal/tarsal synostosis, has been associated with biallelic truncating mutations in the filamin B gene or monoallelic mutations in the myosin heavy chain 3 gene. We herein report the case of a patient with a typical phenotype of spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome who had a homozygous frameshift mutation in the refilin A gene (RFLNA) [c.241delC, p.(Leu81Cysfs*111)], which encodes one of the filamin-binding proteins. Refilins, filamins, and myosins play critical roles in forming perinuclear actin caps, which change the nuclear morphology during cell migration and differentiation. The present study implies that RFLNA is an additional causative gene for spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome in humans and a defect in forming actin bundles and perinuclear actin caps may be a critical mechanism for the development of spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1200号 学位授与年月日:令和2年3月19日Author: Hitomi Shimizu, Satoshi Watanabe, Akira Kinoshita, Hiroyuki Mishima, Gen Nishimura, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Koh-ichiro Yoshiura & Sumito DatekiCitation: Journal of Human Genetics, 64(5), pp.467-471, 201
Effects of rewarming therapies on outcomes in accidental hypothermia: A secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective study
Full text link弘前大学博士（医学）Author(s): Kana Sugiyama, Osamu Nomura, Jin Irie, Yoshiya Ishizawa, Shuhei Takauji, Mineji Hayakawa, Yoshinori Tamada, Hiroyuki Hanad
Self-Sustainable Smart City Design on the Red Planet
No full textHiroyuki Miyajima, International University of Health and Welfare, JapanICES501: Life Support Systems Engineering and AnalysisThe 49th International Conference on Environmental Systems was held in Boston, Massachusetts, USA on 07 July 2019 through 11 July 2019.The author of this paper created a design process and design plan for a 1000 person Mars colony for the 2019 Mars Society contest. Particular attention was given to In-situ resource utilization and civil engineering, critical factors for constructing a substantial infrastructure for an almost completely self-sufficient colony. However, it is not possible to produce everything needed on Mars. To make the colony and its habitat self-sustaining and expandable as rapidly as possible, it is necessary to study multiple development schedules to determine the optimal weight of cargo per flight to be sent from Earth and the timing of when to send them, as well as, what should be produced on Mars to reduce the total resources needed. Therefore, our Mars colony development model created for analyzing the development schedule takes into consideration total mass transported from Earth to Mars, total resource mass obtained on Mars, the total energy required, and the total cost required. We determined the most feasible option would be using approximately 200,000 m2 of habitable area on Mars for a colony consisting of eight greenhouse domes with basement habitats built with resources found on Mars and brought from Earth
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