157 research outputs found
Discuss the glamour of 7-word rhythmic suite poems in the period of Du Fu Kuizhou
No full textIn addition to the author, the formation of the style of literary works also involves the work, the world, and the reader. The four qualities influence each other to form an unique personal style. Moreover, \ue2Chenyu Duncuo\ue2is considered as the basic style of Du Fu\ue2s poetry. However, we have different interpretations about it and are ambiguous to really appreciate its true implication.
Therefore, this article will discuss from three aspects. First of all, through the introduction of Du Fu's life, the explanations of the influence of the world on the author and work will be discussed. Secondly, the historical readers\ue2 understanding to" Chenyu Duncuo " will be analyzed and how readers understand the work and the author will also be explained. Finally, according to Roman Ingarden, literatures are categorized into the followings: the stratum of linguistic sound form, the stratum of meaning units, the stratum of represented objects, and the stratum of schematized aspects. The four stratums will be the basic structure to analyze the three articles: Zhu Jiang, Yonghuai Guji, and Qiu Xing in the period of Du Fu Kuizhou so that the readers could taste the deep meaning and aesthetics Du conveyed as well as his characteristics. By concatenating the four parts of author, world, work and reader, it helps readers nowadays better understand the style of Du\ue2s poetry ,\ue2Chenyu Duncuo\ue2
Construction of Credit Mechanism in E-commerce SocietySubtitle as needed
No full textAbstract—Today, E-commerce has evolved into an indispensible part in people’s life and work, due to its features of convenience, high-efficiency, etc.As E-commerce becomes popular and develops sharply, its credit crisis emerges increasingly remarkably, including the inadequate regulation, the network complaints, and the rising number of fraud cases. Because of network vulnerabilities and illicit competition in trading market, consumers have substantially reduced their trust in E-commerce. It is apparent that E-commerce credit crisis has turned into one of the main obstacles impacting the development of E-commerce. Key words-E-commerce, credit crisis, construction system, optimization, renovation * Chenyu liu is the first author; Miaoyan Shen is the correspondence author; Bin Huang is the instructor
Phraseological units of the Peking dialect in Lao She's play" Tea room"
No full textАвтором проаналізовано вживання лексики пекінського діалекту, а саме ченьюїв, у п’єсі Лао Ше «Чайна». The author analyzed the use of vocabulary of the Beijing dialect, namely Chenyu, in Lao She's play " Tea room"
Design and analysis for a steel braceless semi-submersible hull for supporting a 5-MW horizontal axis wind turbine
No full textThis thesis deals with design and analysis of steel semisubmersible hulls for supporting MW-level horizontal axis wind turbines. The thesis address the following four topics: 1) conceptual design methods, 2) conceptual design of a steel braceless hull for supporting a reference wind turbine (denoted as 5-MW-CSC), 3) development, verification and validation of numerical approaches for analyzing global structural responses of structural components of semi-submersible hulls in wind and waves, and 4) case studies related to numerical simulations and experimental measurements for load and load effects on semi-submersible wind turbines. Simplified design procedure, criteria and design check approaches for conceptual design with respect to safety have been systematically presented and discussed based on publicly accessible publications and the author’s experience and practice in the past six years.
The 5-MW-CSC is developed based on the simplified design procedure, criteria and design check approaches. Numerical analysis shows that the 5-MW-CSC has very good intact stability, well designed natural periods and modes, moderate rigid-body motions in extreme environmental conditions and a reasonable structural design.
The structural design of the 5-MW-CSC is checked by using simplified ULS and FLS design checks. Two time-domain approaches, which can be easily implemented in various state-of-theart computer codes to extend their capabilities to analyze sectional forces and moments in structural components of generic and specific floaters subject to environmental loads from wind and waves, were developed by the author. The developed approaches focus on modeling of inertia and external loads on the floaters and mapping of the loads in finite element model of the floaters. The floaters are considered as an assemblage of several structural components. The conventional hybrid frequency-time domain approach is extended to model the external loads on and inertia loads of each structural component. Limitations of the developed time-domain approaches and future work for solving these limitations are discussed.
The developed approach for generic floaters were verified and validated by comparing with simulated responses given by other reference numerical models and measurements from a 1:30 scaled model test campaign using the ReaTHM® testing approach to overcome the limitations of conventional model test approaches. The verification and validation consist of five comparisons. Objectives and expected results of the five comparisons are illustrated. In general, the comparisons agree with the expectations while possible reasons for the deviations are thoroughly and quantitatively analyzed.
Effect of non-linear wave excitation loads, drag forces, each load component, and steady wind and wave loads induced by changes of the mean wetted body surface on rigid-body motions and sectional bending moments in five specified cross-sections on the hull of the 5-MW-CSC were analyzed by comparing the measurements of the model test campaign and carrying out numerical sensitivity study.
These analyses shed more light on features of the loads and load effect on and critical structural components of the hull of the 5-MWCSC, and critical environmental conditions for the 5-MW-CSC with respect to fatigue damage and extreme load effects. The obtained understanding was used to simplify complexity of numerical models of the 5-MW-CSC to reduce computational cost of the design checks, and is helpful for reducing design conditions required by ULS and FLS design checks and structural optimization.
Experience acquired from design and analysis of the 5-MW-CSC and development of the time-domain approaches will promote development of novel and cost efficient designs of semi-submersible wind turbines; while the 5-MW-CSC and developed approaches can be used as reference to validate other computer codes for analyzing global responses of floating wind turbines
Inclusive Financial Development and Multidimensional Poverty Reduction: An Empirical Assessment from Rural China
No full textInclusive finance is often considered to be a critical element that makes growth inclusive, as access to finance can enable the poor to lift themselves from income poverty. However, can it play such a role when the poor are in multidimensional poverty? Why does financial exclusion and poverty still exist in countries with vigorous development of inclusive finance? We build an evolutionary game model to analyze the equilibrium strategies of inclusive financial institutions and the poor in poverty reduction activities to find the answers. As there is a high incidence of poverty and serious financial exclusion in rural areas of China, we test the poverty reduction effectiveness of inclusive financial development on the poor with different labor capacity in rural China from 2010 to 2016 based on survey data of China Family Panel Studies and relevant statistics collected from 21 provinces. Our study finds there are differences in poverty alleviation effects of inclusive financial development among the poor with different labor capacities; if financial institutions target the service precisely to the working-age population in rural areas, they will achieve the dual goals of maintaining institutional sustainable development and alleviating poverty; And the development of inclusive finance in aspects of permeability, usability, and utility can significantly reduce multidimensional poverty. Therefore, to further improve the multidimensional poverty reduction performance and stimulate the endogenous motivation of the poor, it is necessary to strengthen the support for financial resources served to the working-age population, and to improve the development of rural inclusive finance in aspects of quality and affordability
Increasing pneumococcal vaccination referral rate among high-risk adults in primary care setting
No full textPurpose of Project: Vaccines are considered the greatest scientific invention in promoting public health and have saved millions of lives worldwide since their development. Streptococcus. pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, however, fewer than 25% of eligible adults younger than 65 years old receive appropriate vaccines to protect against pneumococcal infections. The purpose of this DNP project was to increase screening of all eligible patients about their pneumococcal vaccine status and making referrals as an intervention in a primary care office in Northern New Jersey.
Methodology: A Pre- and Post-intervention design was used. Chart reviews were performed four weeks before and four weeks after the intervention to evaluate the impact of pneumococcal vaccine screening tool on vaccine referral rate. Charts of patients between the ages of 19 and 64 years were included.
Results: One hundred and forty charts were reviewed at baseline and after the intervention was introduced at the selected site. The pre and post intervention data were compared to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. The screening rate increased from 0 to 100%. The vaccination referral rate increased significantly (χ2 = 43.36, p<.001).
Implication for practice: Routinely screening all patients in the primary care setting about their pneumococcal vaccine status can help identify at risk patients and referrals can increase vaccination awareness and improve vaccination rates. Education on pneumococcal vaccines screening can be added to routine training for the office staffs to promote pneumococcal vaccine among high-risk adults and decrease the vaccine-preventable diseases.D.N.P.Includes bibliographical reference
Author Correction: Satellites reveal hotspots of global river extent change
No full textAuthor Correction to: "Satellites reveal hotspots of global river extent change
Impact of ligustrazine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel
No full textM.Phil.Introduction: Aspirin and clopidogrel in combination as dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) has long been a standard treatment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and secondary prevention after stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). DAPT has also been reported to be effective for the prevention of early neurological deterioration. In addition to the beneficial effect of DAPT, adverse effect of potential gastric ulcer has been observed in various clinical studies. Ligustrazine (TMP), originated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (Chuanxiong), is commonly used to promote blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis in China and has also been reported to protect gastric lesions in preclinical studies. Given the common clinical indications, TMP will be used in Chinese ACS or TIA patients receiving DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel. However, whether such drug combination could lead to any beneficial or harmful outcomes is unknown. The current study aims to investigate the impact of TMP on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aspirin and clopidogrel in DAPT and the underlying mechanisms.Methods: Sensitive and specific LC/MS/MS methods were first developed and validated to determine plasma concentrations of aspirin (ASA), salicylic acid (SA), clopidogrel (CLP), clopidogrel carboxylic acid (CLPM), clopidogrel active metabolite (CAM) and TMP in rats. Rats were randomly divided into six treatment groups (n= 6-12 per group), receiving vehicle, DAPT, DAPT with low dose (4 mg/kg/day) and high dose (8 mg/kg/day) of TMP, low dose (4 mg/kg/day) and high dose (8 mg/kg/day) of TMP. Based on the clinical practice, DAPT was administered orally for 14 days (Loading dose of aspirin (8.3 mg/kg/day) with clopidogrel (30 mg/kg/day) on day 1 followed by maintenance dose of aspirin (8.3 mg/kg/day) with clopidogrel (7.75 mg/kg/day) on day 2-14) and TMP was administered intravenously on day 10-14. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics impact, following last dosing, plasma samples were collected at different time points for determinations of TMP, aspirin, clopidogrel and their related metabolites concentrations with the established LC/MS/MS methods. To estimate the related pharmacodynamics impact, rats from all groups were sacrificed after last dosing followed by collecting i) blood samples for determining prothrombin time (PT); ii) liver samples for evaluating aspirin esterase and rCyp2c11 activities as well as for monitoring the mRNA expressions of rCyp2c11, cyclooxygenase (COX) and P2Y12; iii) stomachs for checking ulcer formation.Results: It was found that co-administration of TMP significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of aspirin and clopidogrel in DAPT, with increased AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ of ASA (~6 times), decreased AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ of CLP (~75%) and decreased Cmax of CAMD (~75%). There were no statistically significant differences in aspirin esterase activities among all treatment groups, suggesting the minimal impact of TMP on aspirin esterase activity. Significant impairment (40-75%) of rCyp2c11 activities in all DAPT treatment groups were observed as compared with the control group, which were further reduced by TMP (~35%). It seemed that TMP significantly influenced rCyp2c11 activity rather than aspirin esterase activity in DAPT treated rats but with no dose dependency. Moreover, rCyp2c11 gene expressions were significantly lowered in all DAPT and/or TMP treatment groups. In addition to the altered pharmacokinetics parameters, it is noted that there were no detectable differences in gene expressions of COX and P2Y12 among different treatment groups. PT were also significantly longer in all DAPT and/or TMP treatment groups. However, the smaller extent of PT increase produced by DAPT in presence of TMP indicated that co-administered TMP potentially offsets the anticoagulation effect of DAPT. Nevertheless, all the treatments did not cause any stomach ulcer.Conclusion: The current study has demonstrated for the first time that co-administration of TMP can lead to altered pharmacokinetics of DAPT, including reduced metabolism of clopidogrel due to impaired rCyp2c11 activity. Although TMP may offset the anticoagulant activity of DAPT, the overall pharmacodynamics outcome was not considered to be harmful due to lack of gastric ulcer adverse effect and risk of bleeding. However, the clinical impacts of such interaction warrant further verification.研究背景及目的：阿司匹林聯合氯吡格雷的雙聯抗血小板治療(DAPT)已成為治療急性冠脈綜合症及卒中或短暫性腦缺血後二級預防的標準療法。此外，文獻也報道阿司匹林聯合氯吡格雷的雙聯抗血小板治療能夠預防早期神經系統惡化。然而，臨床研究也顯示DAPT可能引起胃潰瘍等不良反應。川芎嗪來源於中藥川芎，常用於活血化瘀，臨床前研究顯示其對大鼠胃損傷具有保護作用。鑒於DAPT與川芎嗪有共同的適應症，急性冠脈綜合症或短暫性腦缺血的病人在接受阿司匹林聯合氯吡格雷的雙聯抗血小板治療的同時很有可能使用川芎嗪製劑。然而，阿司匹林、氯吡格雷及川芎嗪的合用是否會引起顯著的藥物相互作用從而影響臨床療效仍舊未知。因此，本研究旨在探究合用川芎嗪對阿司匹林聯用氯吡格雷的雙聯抗血小板治療的藥動學和藥效學影響及其相關機制。研究方法：首先，我們建立了LC/MS/MS的分析方法以測定大鼠血漿中阿司匹林(ASA)、水楊酸(SA)、氯吡格雷(CLP)、氯吡格雷羧酸代謝產物(CLPM)及氯吡格雷活性代謝產物衍生物(CAMD)的濃度。其次，我們用健康SD大鼠進行體內藥動學及藥效學研究。大鼠被隨機分爲六組(每小組6-12只)，分別給予生理鹽水對照，DAPT，DAPT合用低劑量(4mg/kg/天)川芎嗪，DAPT合用高劑量(8mg/kg/天)川芎嗪，低劑量(4mg/kg/天)川芎嗪，以及高劑量(8mg/kg/天)川芎嗪。依照臨床用藥情況，大鼠灌服DAPT14天（第1天給予阿司匹林8.3mg/kg/天，氯吡格雷30mg/kg/天，第2-14天給予天給予阿司匹林8.3mg/kg/天，氯吡格雷7.75mg/kg/天），同時於第10-14天尾靜脈注射川芎嗪。用於藥動學研究的大鼠於末次給藥後採集不同時間點血樣，並用建立的LC/MS/MS方法測定其血漿中阿司匹林及代謝物、氯吡格雷及代謝物以及川芎嗪的濃度。用於研究藥效學研究的大鼠於末次給藥後兩小時處死，採集並凍存其血漿、肝臟及胃。其中，血漿樣品用於測定凝血酶原時間(PT)；部分肝臟用於製備肝微粒體，並分別與阿司匹林及奧美拉唑孵育後測定阿司匹林酯酶及rCyp2c11的活性，其餘肝臟用於測定rCyp2c11、環氧合酶(COX)及P2Y12的基因表達；胃用於觀察給藥是否引起胃潰瘍的不良反應。研究結果：研究發現合用川芎嗪會顯著影響雙聯抗血小板療法中阿司匹林和氯吡格雷的藥動學特性，包括增加阿司匹林的AUC0-t和AUC0-∞(~6倍)，減少氯吡格雷的AUC0-t和AUC0-∞(~75%)及CAMD的Cmax(~75%)。由於不同給藥組之間阿司匹林酯酶的活性無顯著性差異，表明川芎嗪對阿司匹林酯酶的活性影響甚微。我們進一步發現所有含DAPT的給藥組的rCyp2c11的活性均顯著降低(40-75%)，而且其活性在合用川芎嗪時進一步降低(~35%)。由此可見川芎嗪雖然降低rCyp2c11的活性，但並不影響阿司匹林酯酶的活性，且其對rCyp2c11活性的作用無劑量相關性。此外，雙聯抗血小板治療及川芎嗪均會顯著減少rCyp2c11的基因表達，但不同給藥組間的COX及P2Y12基因表達均無顯著性差異。我們還發現雖然所有給藥組的PT均顯著延長，但合用川芎嗪卻會減弱雙聯抗血小板治療在大鼠中的抗凝血活性。最後，所有給藥組均未引起胃潰瘍。結論：本研究表明合用川芎嗪會通過降低rCyp2c11活性減少氯吡格雷的代謝。川芎嗪能通過減弱雙聯抗血小板療法的抗凝血活性而避免引起出血反應，且此合用並未引起胃潰瘍的不良反應。因此本研究表明合用川芎嗪對阿司匹林聯合氯吡格雷的雙聯抗血小板治療是安全的，然而其臨床療效仍待進一步研究。Qian, Chenyu.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2017.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-159).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 10, February, 2020)
From bureaucracy to professionalism? investigate a new model to organize physician’s work in urban china: multi-site practice
No full textChinese physicians have traditionally been tethered to the organizations in which they practice, in particular, public hospitals. During the new round of ambitious medical reform, the multi-site practice policy was implemented to incentivize physicians and loosen the link between physicians and hospitals. This in-depth qualitative research focuses on the implementation of the multi-site policy in China by exploring the responses of different stakeholders and the mechanisms behind their behaviors.First, I investigate how physicians react to the multi-site practice policy and propose a two-dimensional model of competency and willingness to analyze their choices. The findings suggest that senior physicians were integrated into the hospital bureaucracy and lacked the incentives to seriously pursue multi-site practice. In terms of junior physicians, the training system channeled them into different tracks, which implied mismatch competency and willingness for multi-site practice. As a result, only a small proportion of physicians had both the willingness and the competency to participate in multi-site practice.Next, I turn to examine public hospitals’ strategies in reaction toward the multi-site practice policy. Public hospitals have been faced with conflicting institutional logics and so they have widely adopted the decoupling strategy. I detailed different types of restrictive internal regulations hospitals launched to discourage physicians from multisite practice. I found that public hospitals have enjoyed extended autonomy and substantial discretion in the implementation process of multi-site practice. This is primarily because the goals of multi-site practice were difficult to quantify and local governments have tacitly agreed to retain physicians to ensure medical service capacity.Finally, I assess the operation of medical groups as sites for conducting multi-site practice. I classify Chinese medical groups into six categories and discuss how they organized physicians’ work and influenced multi-site practice. I argue that although medical groups offered physicians a more desirable salary and autonomous practice environment, the pre-existing institutional structures of personnel and payment system significantly undermined their potential to serve as alternative practice sites.Taken together, this thesis shows how a seemingly ideal policy initiative of multisite practice did not work as intended in the real-world setting. Empirical data from three perspectives illustrate how Chinese physicians were embedded in a wider bureaucratic framework and kept under control. Through the lens of the implementation of multi-site practice, this thesis deepens our understanding of the relationship between hospitals and physicians in China and advances ongoing debates about the professionorganization relationship in different societal and institutional contexts.傳統上，中國醫生一直被束縛在他們執業的機構，特別是公立醫院。在新一輪雄心勃勃的醫療改革中，為了更好地激勵醫生和鬆綁醫生與醫院之間的聯繫，政府出台了醫生多點執業政策。本定性研究聚焦於多點執業政策在中國的實施，著重探討不同利益相關者的反應及其行為背後的機制。筆者首先考察了醫生對多點執業政策的反應，並提出了包含能力和意願兩個維度的模型來分析他們的選擇。研究表明，高年資醫師已經被吸納進入了醫院官僚體系，缺乏追求多點執業的動力。而低年資醫師則因為現有的培養體係而進入了不同的軌道，這意味著他們參與多點執業的能力和意願是錯配的。因此，只有一小部分醫生既有意願又有能力參與多點執業。其次，筆者轉向探索公立醫院對多點執業政策的應對策略。公立醫院面臨著相互衝突的製度邏輯，因此它們廣泛採用了脫耦策略。筆者詳細介紹了醫院為阻止醫生多點執業而推出的不同類型的限制性內部規定。本研究發現，公立醫院在多點執業政策的實施過程中享有了相當大的自主性和裁量權。這主要是因為多點執業的改革目標難以量化，而地方政府也默許了公立醫院留住醫生以保證地方的醫療服務能力。最後，筆者還評估了醫生集團作為開展多點執業場所的運作情況。本研究將中國的醫生集團分為六類，並闡述了它們如何組織醫生的工作和影響多點執業。筆者認為，儘管醫生集團為醫生提供了更理想的薪酬和更自主的執業環境，但業已存在的人事和支付系統的製度結構極大地削弱了它們作為替代性執業地點的潛力。綜上所述，本項研究展示了為什麼看似理想的多點執業政策在現實環境中並沒有發揮預期的效果。來自上述三個角度的經驗數據共同說明了中國醫生是如何被嵌入到一個更廣泛的官僚框架中並被控制的。本研究從多點執業實施的視角切入，加深了我們對中國醫院和醫生之間關係的理解，並推動了關於不同社會和製度背景下的職業-組織關係的持續討論。Ye, Chenyu.Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2021.Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …)
Extreme-valued Test for Structural Breaks in Spatial Trends
No full textNon-stationary spatial phenomena are commonly observed in many fields. While many models are devoted to studying the non-stationary spatial covariance structure, it is also essential to detect the trending breaks in spatial data, which are found in climate changes and medical image processing, among others. Following the idea of the maximal value of the neighboring discrepancy measurement in the active sample space, an extreme-valued type test statistics is proposed. By means of the strong invariance priciple, an estimator of the spatial long-run variance is proposed. Furthermore, a simulation-based algorithm is proposed to detect spatial trending breaks at different points, from which the shape of changing boundary can be revealed. The simulation study shows the proposed method is very effective, especially when the structural breaks appear at the boundary of the sample region. The real data analysis on Australian rainfall and lung tumor data demonstrates the wide applicability and accurancy of the proposed method.在許多領域中，我們都能觀察到空間數據的非平穩現象。在相當多的模型均致力於研究空間協方差模型非平穩性的同時，空間數據趨勢的非平穩性在氣候變化，醫療圖像等領域均廣泛存在，因此，我們有必要對其進行探測。借助尋找全空間中最大鄰域變差的想法，我們提出了一種極值類型的檢驗統計量。與此同時，由強相關性原理我們可以估計空間數據的長效方差。更進一步地，一種基於模擬的算法被用於檢測不同樣本點周圍的數據是否發生突變，從而我們可以揭示空間數據突變區域邊界的形狀。模擬分析顯示出這一檢驗方法在數據變化區域位於樣本區域邊緣時，具有較好效率。對澳洲降雨及肺部腫瘤等數據的實證分析體現出方法的廣泛適用與精確性。HAN, Chenyu.Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2021.Includes bibliographical references (leaves )Abstracts in English and Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on ...
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