10 research outputs found
Fribourg/Freiburg, Couvent des Cordeliers/Franziskanerkloster, Ms. 44 : Sermons
No full textComposite manuscript of material for sermons, written by various hands in cursive. It might have been compiled by Friedrich von Amberg (guardian of the Franciscan Monastery of Fribourg 1409, 1414). The catchwords and the Tabula de tempore and de sanctis are in his hand.Online Since: 2019-06-1
Fribourg/Freiburg, Couvent des Cordeliers/Franziskanerkloster, Ms. 66 : Fritsche Closener, German-Latin and Latin-German Lexicon
No full textGerman-Latin and Latin-German dictionary by the cleric Fritsche Closener; in 1384 Friedrich von Amberg (guardian in Fribourg, † 1432) had the scribe Gregorius copy this lexicon (colophon f. 101v). This is an important, alphabetically-arranged dictionary with brief translations of words, with additions and supplements by Friedrich von Amberg. The 14th/15th century binding with wooden boards and formerly with a chain was completely restored by Father Otho Raymann in 1998 (see ms. 139 regarding the original binding). The originally loose parts of the manuscript (f. B, ff. I-XX) are now securely bound.Online Since: 2017-12-1
Dentes natais e neonatais: uma revisão da literatura
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Odontologia.O irrompimento dental inicia-se na cavidade bucal por volta dos seis meses de idade. No entanto, existem casos em que o elemento dental pode estar presente ao nascimento - dente natal, ou até o primeiro mês de vida da criança - dente neonatal. Na maioria das vezes, os dentes natais e neonatais são pequenos, cônicos e pouco desenvolvidos, apresentando uma coloração amarelo-acastanhada e hipoplasia do esmalte. Quando eles estão presentes na cavidade bucal, o exame radiográfico é de extrema importância para avaliar se esses dentes fazem parte da dentição decídua normal ou se são supranumerários. A doença de Riga-Fede é a complicação mais comum associada a essas anomalias. Tal complicação dificulta a sucção e a alimentação, podendo trazer deficiências nutricionais ao bebê. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os dentes natais e neonatais. Foram utilizadas como fontes de pesquisa as bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Foram incluídos os artigos de pesquisas, revisões de literatura e casos clínicos, totalizando 12 trabalhos publicados no período de 2000 a 2011, e quatro artigos clássicos, do período de 1984 a 2006. As informações necessárias para a realização da revisão da literatura foram obtidas através da leitura dos artigos na íntegra e os dados levantados foram agrupados em subitens com o objetivo de sistematizar os achados. Dos 16 artigos selecionados, dois (12,5%) são do tipo pesquisa, oito (50%) do tipo caso clínico, cinco (31,25%) são revisões de literatura e apenas um (6,25%) é do tipo revisão de literatura e caso clínico. Desses 16 artigos, 12 (75%) relataram tal alteração como um fenômeno bastante raro. Do total de 15 dentes encontrados nos artigos de casos clínicos, oito (53,33%) eram natais e sete (46,67%) neonatais. Desse total, 11 (73,33%) encontravam-se na região de incisivos inferiores e, apenas quatro (26,67%) na região de molares superiores. Doze (75%) artigos afirmam que a sua etiologia é multifatorial. Desses, quatro (33,33%) afirmam que a teoria mais aceita é a posição superficial do germe dental associada à hereditariedade. Onze artigos (68,75%) mostram que os dentes natais e neonatais são geralmente pouco desenvolvidos, cônicos, de cor amarelada, e, geralmente, apresentam alta mobilidade. Oito trabalhos (50%) revelam que o exame radiográfico é de extrema importância para o diagnóstico e/ou tratamento. Dos oito artigos do tipo caso clínico, quatro (50%) relataram o caso de crianças que apresentavam apenas dentes natais e neonatais sem qualquer outra alteração e/ou complicação, e os outros quatro (50%) associaram a presença desses dentes com a doença de Riga-Fede. Dos quatro casos clínicos que apresentavam dentes natais e neonatais sem alterações e/ou complicações, todos optaram pela exodontia dos elementos. Todos os artigos que indicaram a exodontia do dente natal/neonatal recomendaram evitar tal procedimento antes de a criança completar dez dias de idade. Conclui-se que a presença de dentes natais e neonatais é uma condição bastante rara e mais estudos ainda são necessários para confirmar a sua etiologia. O encaminhamento dos Médicos Pediatras para os Odontopediatras para avaliação e recomendações no que diz respeito à higiene bucal é fundamental, pois são esses os primeiros profissionais a ter contato com os recém-nascidos
The EXACT description of biomedical protocols
No full text© 2008 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Motivation: Many published manuscripts contain experiment protocols which are poorly described or deficient in information. This means that the published results are very hard or impossible to repeat. This problem is being made worse by the increasing complexity of high-throughput/automated methods. There is therefore a growing need to represent experiment protocols in an efficient and unambiguous way.
Results: We have developed the Experiment ACTions (EXACT) ontology as the basis of a method of representing biological laboratory protocols. We provide example protocols that have been formalized using EXACT, and demonstrate the advantages and opportunities created by using this formalization. We argue that the use of EXACT will result in the publication of protocols with increased clarity and usefulness to the scientific community.
Availability: The ontology, examples and code can be downloaded from http://www.aber.ac.uk/compsci/Research/bio/dss/EXACT/RC UK, RAEng/EPSRC, and
BBSRC
On the Prufer rank of mutually permutable products of abelian groups
No full text[EN] A group G has finite (or Prufer or special) rank if every finitely generated subgroup of G can be generated by r elements and r is the least integer with this property. The aim of this paper is to prove the following result: assume that G=AB is a group which is the mutually permutable product of the abelian subgroups A and B of Prufer ranks r and s, respectively. If G is locally finite, then the Prufer rank of G is at most r+s+3. If G is an arbitrary group, then the Prufer rank of G is at most r+s+4.The first and third authors are supported by the Grant MTM2014-54707-C3-1-P from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain, and FEDER, European Union. The first and fourth authors are supported by Prometeo/2017/057 of Generalitat, Valencian Community, Spain. The third author is also supported by the predoctoral Grant 201606890006 from the China Scholarship Council. We are grateful to the referee of an earlier version of this paper for comments and suggestions that have lead to improvements in the bounds and their proofs.Ballester-Bolinches, A.; Cossey, J.; Meng, H.; Pedraza Aguilera, MC. (2019). On the Prufer rank of mutually permutable products of abelian groups. Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata (1923 -). 198(3):811-819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10231-018-0800-6S8118191983Amberg, B., Franciosi, S., De Giovanni, F.: Products of Groups, vol. 992. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1992)Amberg, B., Kazarin, L.S.: On the rank of a product of two finite p -groups and nilpotent p -algebras. Commun. Algebra 27(8), 3895–3907 (1999)Amberg, B., Sysak, Y.P.: Locally soluble products of two subgroups with finite rank. Commun. Algebra 24(7), 2421–2445 (1996)Ballester-Bolinches, A., Esteban-Romero, R., Asaad, M.: Products of Finite Groups, vol. 53. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/New York (2010)Baumslag, G., Bieri, R.: Constructable solvable groups. Math. Z. 151(3), 249–257 (1976)Beidleman, J., Heineken, H.: Totally permutable torsion subgroups. J. Group Theory 2, 377–392 (1999)Beidleman, J., Heineken, H.: A survey of mutually and totally permutable products in infinite groups, topics in infinite groups. Quad. Mat 8, 45–62 (2001)Cooper, C.D.: Power automorphisms of a group. Math. Z. 107(5), 335–356 (1968)Dixon, M.R.: Sylow Theory, Formations, and Fitting Classes in Locally Finite Groups, vol. 2. World Scientific, Singapore (1994)Huppert, B.: Endliche Gruppen I, vol. 134. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-64981-3Janko, Z.: Finite 2-groups with exactly one nonmetacyclic maximal subgroup. Isr. J. Math. 166(1), 313–347 (2008)Linnell, P.A., Warhurst, D.: Bounding the number of generators of a polycyclic group. Arch. Math. 37(1), 7–17 (1981)Lucchini, A.: A bound on the number of generators of a finite group. Arch. Math. 53(4), 313–317 (1989)Lucchini, A.: A bound on the presentation rank of a finite group. Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 29(4), 389–394 (1997
High-resolution optical and SAR image fusion for building database updating
No full textThis paper addresses the issue of cartographic database (DB) creation or updating using high-resolution synthetic aperture radar and optical images. In cartographic applications, objects of interest are mainly buildings and roads. This paper proposes a processing chain to create or update building DBs. The approach is composed of two steps. First, if a DB is available, the presence of each DB object is checked in the images. Then, we verify if objects coming from an image segmentation should be included in the DB. To do those two steps, relevant features are extracted from images in the neighborhood of the considered object. The object removal/inclusion in the DB is based on a score obtained by the fusion of features in the framework of Dempster–Shafer evidence theory
Thompson-like characterization of solubility for products of finite groups
No full text[EN] A remarkable result of Thompson states that a finite group is soluble if and only if all its two-generated subgroups are soluble. This result has been generalized in numerous ways, and it is in the core of a wide area of research in the theory of groups, aiming for global properties of groups from local properties of two-generated (or more generally, n-generated) subgroups. We contribute an extension of Thompson's theorem from the perspective of factorized groups. More precisely, we study finite groups G = AB with subgroups A, B such that is soluble for all a is an element of A and b is an element of B. In this case, the group G is said to be an S-connected product of the subgroups A and B for the class S of all finite soluble groups. Our Main Theorem states that G = AB is S-connected if and only if [A, B] is soluble. In the course of the proof, we derive a result about independent primes regarding the soluble graph of almost simple groups that might be interesting in its own right.Research supported by Proyectos PROMETEO/2017/057 from the Generalitat Valenciana (Valencian Community, Spain) and PGC2018-096872-B-I00 from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain, and FEDER, European Union; and second author also by Project VIP-008 of Yaroslavl P. Demidov State University.Hauck, P.; Kazarin, LS.; Martínez-Pastor, A.; Pérez-Ramos, MD. (2021). Thompson-like characterization of solubility for products of finite groups. Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata (1923 -). 200(1):337-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10231-020-00998-zS3373622001Abe, S., Iiyori, N.: A generalization of prime graphs of finite groups. Hokkaido Math. J. 29, 391–407 (2000)Amberg, B., Carocca, A., Kazarin, L.: Criteria for the solubility and non-simplicity of finite groups. J. 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(2) 39, 37–42 (1996)Carocca, A.: Solvability of factorized finite groups. Glasgow Math. J. 42, 271–274 (2000)Conway, J.H., Curtis, R.T., Norton, S.P., Parker, R.A., Wilson, R.A.: Atlas of Finite Groups. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1985)Dixon, J.D., Mortimer, B.: Permutation Groups. Springer, Berlin (1996)Doerk, K., Hawkes, T.: Finite Soluble Groups. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (1992)Dolfi, S., Guralnick, R.M., Herzog, M., Praeger, C.E.: A new solvability criterion for finite groups. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 85, 269–281 (2012)Gállego, M. P., Hauck, P., Kazarin, L. S., Martínez-Pastor, A., Pérez-Ramos, M. D.: Products of finite connected subgroups. Preprint. arXiv:1908.03347Gállego, M.P., Hauck, P., Pérez-Ramos, M.D.: Soluble products of connected subgroups. Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 24, 433–461 (2008)Gállego, M.P., Hauck, P., Pérez-Ramos, M.D.: On 2-generated subgroups and products of groups. J. Group Theory 11, 851–867 (2008)Gállego, M.P., Hauck, P., Pérez-Ramos, M.D.: Saturated formations and products of connected subgroups. J. Algebra 333, 105–119 (2011)Gállego, M.P., Hauck, P., Pérez-Ramos, M.D.: 2-Engel relations between subgroups. J. Algebra 447, 31–55 (2016)Gordeev, N., Grunewald, F., Kunyavskiĭ, B., Plotkin, E.: Baer–Suzuki theorem for the solvable radical of a finite group. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I(347), 217–222 (2009)Gordeev, N., Grunewald, F., Kunyavskiĭ, B., Plotkin, E.: From Thompson to Baer–Suzuki: a sharp characterization of the solvable radical. J. Algebra 323, 2888–2904 (2010)Guest, S.: A solvable version of the Baer–Suzuki theorem. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 362, 5909–5946 (2010)Guest, S., Levy, D.: Criteria for solvable radical membership via -elements. J. Algebra 415, 88–111 (2014)Guralnick, R., Kunyavskiĭ, B., Plotkin, E., Shalev, A.: Thompson-like characterizations of the solvable radical. J. Algebra 300, 363–375 (2006)Grunewald, F., Kunyavskiĭ, B., Plotkin, E.: Characterization of solvable groups and solvable radical. Int. J. Algebra Comput. 23, 1011–1062 (2013)Hauck, P., Martínez-Pastor, A., Pérez-Ramos, M.D.: Products of -connected groups. Ill. J. Math. 47, 1033–1045 (2003)Hering, C., Liebeck, M.W., Saxl, J.: The factorizations of the finite exceptional groups of Lie type. J. Algebra 106, 517–527 (1987)Huppert, B.: Zweifach transitive, auflösbare Permutationsgruppen. Math. Z. 68, 126–150 (1957)Huppert, B.: Endliche Gruppen I. Springer, Berlin (1967)Iiyory, N.: -Solvability and a generalization of prime graphs of finite groups. Commun. Algebra 30, 1679–1691 (2002)Kleidman, P., Liebeck, M.: The subgroup structure of the finite classical groups. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990)Liebeck, M.W., Praeger, C.E., Saxl, J.: The maximal factorizations of the finite simple groups and their automorphism groups. Mem. AMS 86, 432 (1990)Maier, R.: A completeness property of certain formations. Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 24, 540–544 (1992)Malle, G., Saxl, J., Weigel, T.: Generation of classical groups. Geom. Dedicata 49, 85–116 (1994)Ramanujan, S.: A proof of Bertrand’s postulate. J. Indian Math. Soc. 11, 181–182 (1919)The GAP Group, GAP—Groups, Algorithms, and Programming. http://www.gap-system.org, Version 4.10.2 (2019)Thompson, J.: Nonsolvable finite groups all of whose local subgroups are solvable. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 74, 383–437 (1968)Wiegold, J., Williamson, A.G.: The factorisation of the alternating and symmetric groups. Math. Z. 175, 171–179 (1980)Zorn, M.: Nilpotency of finite groups. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 42, 485–486 (1936)Zsigmondy, K.: Zur Theorie der Potenzreste. Monatsh. Math. Phys. 3, 265–284 (1892
The D-pi-property on products of pi-decomposable groups
No full text[EN] The aim of this paper is to prove the following result: Let pi be a set of odd primes. If the group G = AB is the product of two p-decomposable subgroups A = A(pi) x A(pi') and B = B-pi x B-pi', then G has a unique conjugacy class of Hall pi-subgroups, and any p-subgroup is contained in a Hall pi-subgroup (i.e. G satisfies property D-pi)Research supported by Proyectos PROMETEO/2017/057 from the Generalitat Valenciana (Valencian Community, Spain), and PGC2018-096872-B-I00 from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain, and FEDER, European Union; and second author also by Project VIP-008 of Yaroslavl P. Demidov State University.Kazarin, L.; Martínez-Pastor, A.; Pérez-Ramos, MD. (2020). The D-pi-property on products of pi-decomposable groups. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Serie A Matemáticas. 115(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-020-00950-zS1181151Amberg, B., Franciosi, S., de Giovanni, F.: Products of Groups. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1992)Amberg, B., Carocca, A., Kazarin, L.S.: Criteria for the solubility and non-simplicity of finite groups. J. Algebra 28(5), 58–72 (2005)Arad, Z., Chillag, D.: Finite groups containing a nilpotent Hall subgroup of even order. Houston J. Math. 7, 23–32 (1981)Arad, Z., Fisman, E.: On finite factorizable groups. J. Algebra 86, 522–548 (1984)Berkovich, Y.G.: Generalization of the theorems of Carter and Wielandt. Sov. Math. Dokl. 7, 1525–1529 (1966)Carter, R.W.: Centralizers of semisimple elements in the finite classical groups. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 42, 1–41 (1981)Conway, J.H., Curtis, R.T., Norton, S.P., Parker, R.A., Wilson, R.A.: Atlas of Finite Groups: Maximal Subgroups and Ordinary Characters of Simple Groups. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1985)Doerk, K., Hawkes, T.: Finite Soluble Groups. Walter De Gruyter, Berlin, New York (1992)Gross, F.: Odd order Hall subgroups of and . Math. Z. 187, 185–194 (1984)Gross, F.: Conjugacy of odd order Hall subgroups. Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 19, 311–319 (1987)Hall, P.: Theorems like Sylow’s. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 3(2), 286–304 (1956)Huppert, B.: Endliche Gruppen I. Springer, Heidelberg, New York (1967)Kazarin, L.S.: Criteria for the nonsimplicity of factorable groups. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 44, 288–308 (1980)Kazarin, L.S.: On groups which are the product of two soluble groups. Comm. Algebra 14, 1001–1066 (1986)Kazarin, L.S.: On a problem of Szép. Math. USSR Izvestiya 28, 467–495 (1987)Kazarin, L.S.: Factorizations of finite groups by solvable subgroups. Ukr. Mat. J. 43(7), 883–886 (1991)Kazarin, L.S., Martínez-Pastor, A., Pérez-Ramos, M.D.: On the product of a -group and a -decomposable group. J. Algebra 315, 640–653 (2007)Kazarin, L.S., Martínez-Pastor, A., Pérez-Ramos, M.D.: On the product of two -decomposable soluble groups. Publ. Mat. 53, 439–456 (2009)Kazarin, L.S., Martínez-Pastor, A. Pérez-Ramos, M.D.: Extending the Kegel-Wielandt theorem through -decomposable groups. In: Groups St Andrews 2009 in Bath, vol. 2, Lond. Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser. 388, pp. 415–423, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2011)Kazarin, L.S., Martínez-Pastor, A., Pérez-Ramos, M.D.: A reduction theorem for a conjecture on products of two -decomposable groups. J. Algebra 379, 301–313 (2013)Kazarin, L.S., Martínez-Pastor, A., Pérez-Ramos, M.D.: On the product of two -decomposable groups. Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 31, 51–68 (2015)Kazarin, L.S., Martínez-Pastor, A., Pérez-Ramos, M.D.: Finite trifactorized groups and -decomposability. Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 97, 218–228 (2018)Kleidman, P., Liebeck, M.: The Subgroup Structure of the Finite Classical Groups. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990)Li, C.H., Xia, B.: Factorizations of almost simple groups with a solvable factor, and Cayley graphs of solvable groups. To appear in Mem. Am. Math. Soc. arXiv:1408.0350Liebeck, M., Praeger, C.E., Saxl, J.: The maximal factorizations of the finite simple groups and their automorphism groups. Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 86, 432 Am. Math. Soc., Providence, RI (1990)Revin, D.O., Vdovin, E.P.: Hall subgroups in finite groups. In: Ischia Group Theory 2004, Contemp. Math. 402, pp. 229–263. Am. Math. Soc., Providence, RI (2006)Rowley, P.J.: The -separability of certain factorizable groups. Math. Z. 153, 219–228 (1977)Vasiliev, A.V., Vdovin, E.P.: An adjacency criterion for the prime graph of a finite simple group. Algebra Logic 44(6), 381–406 (2005)Vdovin, E.P., Revin, D.O.: Theorems of Sylow type. Russ. Math. Surv. 66(5), 829–870 (2011)Wielandt, H.: Zum Satz von Sylow. Math. Z. 60, 407–408 (1954)Zsigmondy, K.: Zur Theorie der Potenzreste. Monatsh. Math. Phys. 3, 265–284 (1892
Mechanisms of calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity in chronic allograft injury
No full textThe first successful transplantation of a human kidney was performed more than 50 years ago by Murray and colleagues in 1954 between identical twins. The success of this transplantation was due to the fact that no significant rejection occurs between genetically identical twins and therefore immunosuppression was not necessary in this particular case (Merrill et al., 1956).
However, solid-organ transplantation could not be considered truly successful until the 1970’s after significant technical and pharmacological advances. In particular, the discovery and development of the calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) has made allograft transplantation routinely successful with greatly reduced risk of acute rejection. In the absence of pharmacological agents to address the primary pathological mechanisms involved, renal transplantation has now been the standard management of end stage renal failure for the past four decades (Wolfe
et al., 1999). Short-term renal allograft and allograft recipient survival rates have increased significantly during the last decade largely due to improved patient monitoring. However, allograft half-life beyond 1 year post-transplant remains largely unchanged. While rates of early allograft failure have significantly reduced, late renal allograft dysfunction remains a significant problem in the transplant population (de Fijter). Chronic allograft injury (CAI) is the most prevalent cause of allograft dysfunction in the first decade after transplantation. The term CAI is used to describe deterioration of renal allograft function and structure due to
immunological processes (i.e. chronic rejection) and/or a range of simultaneous nonimmunological factors such as CNI-induced nephrotoxicity, hypertension and infection. This chapter will outline the pathophysiology and etiology of CAI and the role that CNI nephrotoxicity plays in this disease process. It will also review experimental studies that have identified important molecular mechanisms involved and discuss strategies utilised to minimise the development and progression of CAI.Science Foundation IrelandHigher Education AuthorityIrish Research Council for Science, Engineering and TechnologyEuropean Research CouncilHealth Research BoardEnterprise Irelandti, ke, ab, de - TS 29.03.1
Ezrin interacts with the SARS coronavirus spike protein and restrains infection at the entry stage
No full text© 2012 Millet et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Background: Entry of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and its envelope fusion with host cell membrane are controlled by a series of complex molecular mechanisms, largely dependent on the viral envelope glycoprotein Spike (S). There are still many unknowns on the implication of cellular factors that regulate the entry process. Methodology/Principal Findings: We performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using as bait the carboxy-terminal endodomain of S, which faces the cytosol during and after opening of the fusion pore at early stages of the virus life cycle. Here we show that the ezrin membrane-actin linker interacts with S endodomain through the F1 lobe of its FERM domain and that both the eight carboxy-terminal amino-acids and a membrane-proximal cysteine cluster of S endodomain are important for this interaction in vitro. Interestingly, we found that ezrin is present at the site of entry of S-pseudotyped lentiviral particles in Vero E6 cells. Targeting ezrin function by small interfering RNA increased S-mediated entry of pseudotyped particles in epithelial cells. Furthermore, deletion of the eight carboxy-terminal amino acids of S enhanced S-pseudotyped particles infection. Expression of the ezrin dominant negative FERM domain enhanced cell susceptibility to infection by SARS-CoV and S pseudotyped particles and potentiated S-dependent membrane fusion. Conclusions/Significance: Ezrin interacts with SARS-CoV S endodomain and limits virus entry and fusion. Our data present a novel mechanism involving a cellular factor in the regulation of S-dependent early events of infection.This work was supported by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong (RGC#760208)and the RESPARI project of the International Network of Pasteur Institutes
