423 research outputs found
Microplastics in the Syr Darya River Tributaries, Uzbekistan
Get PDFThe objective of the study was a pre-screening of the microplastic (MP) content in surface water and benthic sediments of Kara Darya and Chirchiq rivers, the first-order tributaries of the Syr Darya River (Uzbekistan). For the first time, surface water and benthic sediment samples were taken from this region, and quantitative screening of MPs 0.15–5.00 mm in size was performed. A combined visual and μRaman-based methodology was used to quantify and characterize artificial polymer microparticles from the surface water and bottom sediments of two rivers. The average abundance of MPs in the Kara Darya River and Chirchiq River waters was found to be 4.28 ± 0.09 and 0.95 ± 0.36 items per m3, and that in benthic sediments attained 244 ± 28.9 and 333 ± 11.5 items per kg of dry soil, respectively. MP concentration in surface water and benthic sediments of the Kara Darya River significantly exceeded (p-value < 0.01) that in the Chirchiq River. Microfibers were most abundant; the proportion of MP fibers in the water of the Kara Darya and Chirchiq rivers amounted to 89 and 95%, respectively, and that in benthic sediments of the rivers was 86 and 84%, respectively. The dominance of microfibers may indicate the route of entry to the rivers through domestic wastewater treatment plant discharges. The polymer microparticles in the surface water and benthic sediments of the Kara Darya and Chirchiq rivers were mainly represented by polyethylenterephtalate (PET), which accounted for half of all MPs detected in the Kara Darya River. Microparticles of textile origin were particularly abundant in the Kara Darya River, where viscose and nylon fibers were also found, which suggests the leading role of synthetic textiles in the pollution. The reported data are the first experimental evidence of MP pollution of the Syr Darya tributaries, but the distribution and circulation of MPs in surface water in Central Asia requires further comprehensive studies
Opacity in Tundra Nenets
No full textThe analysis of opaque relations presents a problem to classic Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993, McCarthy and Prince 1993), inherently a surface-oriented theory. Many different proposals have been made to integrate the analysis of opacity into OT. In this paper, we address the problem of opacity in Tundra Nenets (TN), a Uralic (Samoyedic) language spoken in Arctic Russia and Northern Siberia.
TN has a complex system of alternations, many of which interact opaquely, and provides a good test case for the current theories of opacity. In this paper, we are concerned with the categorical metrical vowel deletion that represents a case of self-counterfeeding opacity, and its interaction with vowel deletion in final syllables. We show that among OT approaches to opacity, there are some that cannot handle metrical vowel deletion in TN in principle (Targeted Constraints, OT-CC), some that can but are undesirable on theoretical grounds (Local Constraint Conjunction, in particular, self-conjunction), and the full analysis of the data still requires combining two different theories (Stratal OT and Comparative Markedness).Kavitskaya, D., Staroverov P. (2008). Opacity in Tundra Nenets. In N. Abner & J. Bishop (Eds.), Proceedings of the 27th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, (274-282). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.The definitive version of this paper is published in Proceedings of the 27th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (2008) and is available at www.lingref.com.ISBN 978-1-57473-428-7 (published proceedings
Class struggle in “Aag ka Darya”
Get PDFIn Urdu, “Aag ka Darya” written by Quratul ain Haider is a novel with a unique structure, the story of which begins two and a half thousand years ago and ends in the middle of the twentieth century ... but with the impression that like the waves of a flowing river, this story will continue to flow. ... Perhaps forever ... And after the complete end of the universe, if the earth and the sky are reborn, this story will also begin again This story can be divided into four periods: the first period belongs to the time of Chandragupta Maurya (four hundred years BC). The second period begins with the end of the Lodhi Empire and the arrival of the Mughals, while the third period belongs to the time of the East India Company. The fourth and final period of the novel begins around 1930 and continues until 1950. The first three periods are related to the theory of civilization and historical foundations of the author. The importance of this theoretical part is in its place, but the last and fourth period of the book is a complete novel in itself, which examines the lives of the characters in the light of the political and social movements that emerged in the first half of the twentieth century, bringing us to the stage of the Partition of India (1947). In this novel, different civilizations are interconnected. This article has been written in this context.
Key Words: “Aag ka Darya”, Quratul ain Haider, Two and a half thousand years, Chandragupta Maurya, civilization and historical, 1947
Physiotherapy in palliative care
Get PDFBACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Darya Ustinova Supervisor: Mgr. Tereza Chalupská Opponent: Title of bachelor thesis: Physiotherapy in palliative care Abstract: The purpose of modern palliative medicine is to maintain high quality live of patients with advanced form of disease. Palliative care was originally considered as terminal care, which focused on relief of symptoms at the end of life. Nowadays, palliative care has a greater scope and the concept of rehabilitation, in palliative care, expands. The main purpose of this dissertation is to define the role of physiotherapy in palliative care and to contribute to the existing literature. Theoretical part of this dissertation begins with general information about palliative care and multidisciplinary palliative team with a focus on rehabilitation in palliative care. Below is a list of physiotherapy techniques applicable in palliative care, and the main symptoms that can be affected by physiotherapy in palliative care. The conclusion of the theoretical part is devoted to the attitude of patients and medical personnel to physiotherapy in palliative care and the training opportunities of physiotherapists in the field of palliative care. The practical part describes results of the questionnaire survey on the numbers of the physiotherapists in palliative care..
Lexical Indicators of Historical Time in Mikhail Shishkin’s Novel “Maidenhair”.
No full textDarya Shakirova Vēsturiskā laika leksiskās norādes Mihaila Šiškina romānā «Venēras mats»: вakalaura darbs – Rīga, 2024. – 61 lpp. Darbs veltīts vēsturiskā laika specifikas leksisko norāžu apzināšanai Mihaila Šiškina romānā-kolāžā “Veneras mats”. Autors izvirzījis mērķi sastādīt romāna leksikonu un pavadīt to ar minimālu komentāru. Mērķa īstenošanu veicināja šādu metožu izmantošana: meklēšanas, apraksts, teksta analīze, klasifikācija, komentārinterpretācija. Darbs dalās divās galvenajās daļās. Pirmajā daļā aplūkotas mākslas teksta pazīmes un pieejas tā izpētei, vēsturiskā laika jēdziens daiļliteratūrā, mākslas laiks kā teksta kategorija, vēsturiskā laika veidošanas leksiskie līdzekļi mākslas tekstā un romāna kolāžas žanra īpatnības. Otrajā daļā tiek prezentēts un komentēts romāna leksikons, kas ietver leksiskās norādes, kas atspoguļo četru romāna laikmetu specifiku. Pētījums varētu ieinteresēt filoloģijas studentus, kā arī visus, kam interesē šī problemātika.Darya Shakirova Lexical indicators of historical time in Mikhail Shishkin’s novel «Venus’s Hair»: вachelor's work – Riga, 2024-61 pp. The work is devoted to the identification of lexical indications of the peculiarities of historical time in the novel collage of Mikhail Shishkin “Venus’s Hair”. The author intended to produce a lexicon of the novel and to accompany it with a minimum comment. The following methods contributed to the realization of the objective: search, description, text analysis, classification, commentary-interpretation. The work is divided into two main parts. The first part deals with the signs of the artistic text and the approaches to its study, the notion of historical time in the artistic literature, the artistic time as a textual category, the lexical means of creating historical time in the artistic text and the genre features of the collage novel. The second part presents and comments on the lexicon of the novel, which includes lexicons reflecting the specificities of the four time periods of the novel. The study may interest philosophy students as well as anyone interested in the subject
Analysis of the monetary policy of the Russian Federation in times of crisis
No full textBakalářská práce se zabývá monetární politikou Ruské federace, jejím vztahem s finanční sférou i ekonomikou jako celkem. Autorka srovnává přístupy v Ruské federaci s přístupy světovými, zohledňuje specifika ruského finančního trhu a jeho reálie. Práce je rozdělena na 4 hlavní části a několik podčástí. Dvě části jsou čistě teoretické, část třetí se zaměřuje na objektivní hodnocení současného stavu a v závěru autorka shrnuje výsledky analýzy a nabízí doporučení pro další vývoj.This thesis deals with the monetary policy of the Russian Federation, its relationship with the financial sector and the economy as a whole. The author compares approaches in the Russian Federation with global approaches, taking into account the specifics of the Russian financial market and its reality. The work is divided into 4 main sections and several subsections. The two parts are purely theoretical, Part Three focuses on the objective evaluation of the current state and in the end the author summarizes the results of the analysis and offers recommendations for further development
From the Allerød to the mid-Holocene: Palynological evidence from the south basin of the Caspian Sea
Get PDFThis article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. Copyright @ The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works License, which permits
non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.Pollen and dinoflagellate cysts have been analysed in a core from the south basin of the Caspian Sea, providing a picture of respectively past vegetation and water salinity for the Late Pleistocene to middle Holocene. A relatively sharp lithological change at 0.86 m depth reflects a shift from detrital silts to carbonates-rich fine silts. From this depth upwards, a Holocene chronology is built based on ten radiocarbon dates on ostracod shells and bulk carbonates. From the vegetation point of view, the Late Pleistocene deserts and steppes were partially replaced in the most sheltered areas by an open woodland with Pinus, Juniperus-Hippophae-Elaeagnus and even Alnus-Quercus-Pterocarya and Fraxinus, related to the Allerød palynozone. This was interrupted by the Younger Dryas palynozone when Artemisia reaches a maximum in a first instance followed by a very dry phase with only a slight return of Pinus and Quercus and the rare presence of Ulmus-Zelkova. From 11.5 to 8.4 cal. ka BP, an open landscape dominated by shrubs such as Ephedra and progressively increasing Quercus appeared. The final spread of diverse evergreen and deciduous trees is delayed and occurs after 8.4 cal. ka BP. It is suggested that this delay is caused by an arid climate in the Early Holocene linked to high insolation and perhaps to a lake effect. The dinocyst assemblages fluctuate between slightly brackish (Pyxidinopsis psilata and Spiniferites cruciformis, 7 psu and lower) and more brackish (Impagidinium caspienense, ∼13 psu). In the Lateglacial (Khvalynian highstand), the assemblages remained dominated by relative low salinity taxa. A late and brief increase of salinity occurred prior to 11.2 cal. ka BP associated with the Mangyshlak lowstand. It is suggested that it was caused by a brief drop in meltwater flow from both the north and the southeast (Uzboy) and a likely evaporation increase. This lowstand occurs quasi at the same time as the end of a longer lowstand in the Black Sea. The freshest waters are then inferred as having occurred between 8.4 and ≤4.4 cal. ka BP, linked to a connection with the Amu Darya and the melting glaciers on the Pamir Mountains. The Caspian Sea is a sensitive environment, easily perturbed by global climatic changes, such as the Allerød and Holocene warming, and the Lateglacial and Younger Dryas cooling, as well as by regional changes in its hydrography, such as shifts in the Eurasian meltwater and the Volga and Amu Darya inflows.Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Franc
La force et la faiblesse des universités russes face à la révolution de 1917
No full textThe aim of this article is to bring into focus the dialectic relations between the State and the academics on the timing of the political regime change in 1917 . By demonstrating the evolution of the framework of the university policy , the actions of the government and the reaction of the academic community , we reveal a strong connection of the University and the political during the crisis of the political system . In addition , the author hopes that with the help of some records of the academics the readers could seize the spirit of the time of that historical moment and the air of a great change that academic community was inhaling with a mix of emotions : enthusiasm , uncertainty , hope , distrust , indignation and disappointment.L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en lumière la dialectique des relations entre l ’ État et les universitaires lors du changement de régime politique en 1917 . Nous montrons le cadre de la politique universitaire russe qui évolue , les actions du gouvernement et la réaction de la communauté universitaire qui révèlent le lien fort entre l ’ université et le milieu politique pendant la crise du système politique . Il est souhaitable également qu ’ à travers des témoignages des universitaires de l ’ époque les lecteurs saisissent l’esprit du temps de ce moment historique et perçoivent l’amplitude du grand bouleversement que la communauté universitaire a vécu avec un mélange d ’ émotions : l'enthousiasme , l’incertitude , l’espoir , la méfiance , la révolte et la déception.Loyola-Tyutereva Darya. La force et la faiblesse des universités russes face à la révolution de 1917. In: Revue Russe n°51, 2018. Russie, la force des faibles. pp. 79-96
Analysis of the monetary policy of the Russian Federation in times of crisis
No full textBakalářská práce se zabývá monetární politikou Ruské federace, jejím vztahem s finanční sférou i ekonomikou jako celkem. Autorka srovnává přístupy v Ruské federaci s přístupy světovými, zohledňuje specifika ruského finančního trhu a jeho reálie. Práce je rozdělena na 4 hlavní části a několik podčástí. Dvě části jsou čistě teoretické, část třetí se zaměřuje na objektivní hodnocení současného stavu a v závěru autorka shrnuje výsledky analýzy a nabízí doporučení pro další vývoj.This thesis deals with the monetary policy of the Russian Federation, its relationship with the financial sector and the economy as a whole. The author compares approaches in the Russian Federation with global approaches, taking into account the specifics of the Russian financial market and its reality. The work is divided into 4 main sections and several subsections. The two parts are purely theoretical, Part Three focuses on the objective evaluation of the current state and in the end the author summarizes the results of the analysis and offers recommendations for further development
Pattern separation underpins expectation-modulated memory
Get PDFPattern separation and completion are fundamental hippocampal computations supporting memory encoding and retrieval. However, despite extensive exploration of these processes, it remains unclear whether and how top-down processes adaptively modulate the dynamics between these computations. Here we examine the role of expectation in shifting the hippocampus to perform pattern separation. In a behavioral task, 29 participants (7 males) learned a cue-object category contingency. Then, at encoding, one-third of the cues preceding the to-be-memorized objects, violated the studied rule. At test, participants performed a recognition task with old objects (targets) and a set of parametrically manipulated (very similar to dissimilar) foils for each object. Accuracy was found to be better for foils of high similarity to targets that were contextually unexpected at encoding compared with expected ones. Critically, there were no expectation-driven differences for targets and low similarity foils. To further explore these effects, we implemented a computational model of the hippocampus, performing the same task as the human participants. We used representational similarity analysis to examine how top-down expectation interacts with bottom-up perceptual input, in each layer. All subfields showed more dissimilar representations for unexpected items, with dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 being more sensitive to expectation violation than CA1. Again, representational differences between expected and unexpected inputs were prominent for moderate to high levels of input similarity. This effect diminished when inputs from DG and CA3 into CA1 were lesioned. Overall, these novel findings strongly suggest that pattern separation in DG/CA3 underlies the effect that violation of expectation exerts on memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT What makes some events more memorable than others is a key question in cognitive neuroscience. Violation of expectation often leads to better memory performance, but the neural mechanism underlying this benefit remains elusive. In a behavioral study, we found that memory accuracy is enhanced selectively for unexpected highly similar foils, suggesting expectation violation does not enhance memory indiscriminately, but specifically aids the disambiguation of overlapping inputs. This is further supported by our subsequent investigation using a hippocampal computational model, revealing increased representational dissimilarity for unexpected highly similar foils in DG and CA3. These convergent results provide the first evidence that pattern separation plays an explicit role in supporting memory for unexpected information
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