32,906 research outputs found
Isolation of European pear S-haplotypes using S-homozygotes derived from bud-selfing
No full textGametophytic self-incompatibility is a mechanism that prevents self-fertilization through a specific pollen-pistil recognition, genetically controlled by the single S locus. In the Pyrinae the S locus has a quite complex structure including a single female (pistil-expressed) gene, the S-RNase, and a number of male (pollen-expressed) F-box genes that act coordinately in a non-self-recognition system. While each Shaplotype segregates as a single unit, gene duplication and genetic exchange seem to play an essential role in the evolution of pollen S-specificities; as a result, extant Shaplotypes differ for the number, position and arrangement of F-box genes. So far, the genomic characterization of some S-haplotypes has been achieved using genomic libraries; the use of S-homozygotes can be an alternative source of information to characterize the pool of F-box genes belonging to a single haplotype. To overcome the self-incompatibility barrier, selfing can be forced by manually pollinating pistils of immature flowers ("bud-selfing"): As the concentration of S-RNases in the early stages of the pistil development is not yet fully effective, a portion of self-pollen tubes can escape the inhibition. The progeny obtained show a mendelian (1:2:1) segregation for the two parent S haplotypes, allowing the isolation of S-homozygotes in half the seedlings; since a low vigor is expected as a consequence of the increase in homozygosity, these genotypes are maintained and multiplied in vitro. This material will be useful for the identification and characterization of F-box genes in different Shaplotypes, as a first step for investigating their roles in the determination of S specificities as well as their evolutionary dynamics
Letter from A. F. Potter to John H. Page
No full textLetter from A. F. Potter to John H. Page referring his request to build a railway to the District Forester at Albuquerque, New Mexico
Polly H. Carder Collection on George F. Root
No full textGeorge Frederick Root (1820-1895) was an American songwriter and music educator. He is perhaps best known for his song "The Battle Cry of Freedom," which was written and rose to popularity during the U.S. Civil War. The Polly H. Carder Collection on George F. Root contains original published scores and songbooks from the period 1852-1907 and photocopied scores collected by Polly H. Carder, author of the book George F. Root, Civil War Songwriter: A Biography. The collection also contains a short article, "The Last Days of George F. Root," written by Root's daughter, Clara Louise Burnham
Immunization With Bovine Herpesvirus-4-Based Vector Delivering PPRV-H Protein Protects Sheep From PPRV Challenge
No full textThe Morbillivirus peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is the causal agent of a highly contagious disease that mostly affects sheep and goats and produces considerable losses in developing countries. Current PPRV control strategies rely on live-attenuated vaccines, which are not ideal, as they cannot differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Recombinant vector-based vaccines expressing viral subunits can provide an alternative to conventional vaccines, as they can be easily paired with DIVA diagnostic tools. In the present work, we used the bovine herpesvirus-4-based vector (BoHV-4-A) to deliver PPRV hemagglutinin H antigen (BoHV-4-A-PPRV-H-ΔTK). Vaccination with BoHV-4-A-PPRV-H-ΔTK protected sheep from virulent PPRV challenge and prevented virus shedding. Protection correlated with anti-PPRV IgGs, neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ-producing cells induced by the vaccine. Detection of antibodies exclusively against H-PPRV in animal sera and not against other PPRV viral proteins such as F or N could serve as a DIVA diagnostic test when using BoHV-4-A-PPRV-H-ΔTK as vaccine. Our data indicate that BoHV-4-A-PPRV-H-ΔTK could be a promising new approach for PPRV eradication programs
Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection: other Helicobacters.
No full textThe finding that Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease has opened a new era in the gastrointestinal world. Today there is evidence that H. pylori may also play a role in different nongastric diseases, opening the new "extragastric manifestations of H. pylori infection" field. Concerning this, several studies have been published in the last year. The most convincing data arise from those investigating idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and sideropenic anemia, while there is also an increasing evidence for a possible association with atherosclerotic disease. Furthermore, the discovery of a number of other novel Helicobacter species has stimulated the research in different extragastric diseases, in which an infectious hypothesis is plausible. In particular, several species have been studied for a potential role in different liver and intestinal diseases with interesting findings
FIG. 2. — A-I in Icacinaceae fossil fruits from three sites of the Paris Basin (early Eocene, France): local diversity and global biogeographic implications
No full textFIG. 2. — A-I, Iodes passiciensis Del Rio & De Franceschi, sp. nov. (MNHN.F.44736): A, lateral view of an endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded and thin ridges; B, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; C, lateral view of second face of the endocarp; D, basal view; E, apical view; F, magnification showing the pores abraded; G, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section; H, SEM view of rounded papillae; I, same with magnification. J-Q, Iodes reidae Del Rio, Thomas & De Franceschi (MNHN.F.44737): J, lateral view of endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded ridges; K, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; L, lateral view of second face of endocarp; M, basal view; N, apical view; O, magnification showing the areoles from the reticulation of ridges; P, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section; Q, SEM view of the trace left by the vascular bundle embedded in the endocarp wall. Scale bar: A-E, 5 mm; O-Q, 1 mm; J-N, 10 mm; G, 500 µm; F, 100 µm; H, 50 µm; I, 10 µm.Published as part of Rio, Cédric Del & Franceschi, Dario De, 2020, Icacinaceae fossil fruits from three sites of the Paris Basin (early Eocene, France): local diversity and global biogeographic implications, pp. 17-28 in Geodiversitas 42 (2) on page 21, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a2, http://zenodo.org/record/369691
Chemical composition, hygiene characteristics, and coagulation aptitude of milk for Parmigiano Reggiano cheese from herds yielding different milk levels.
No full textThe objective with this research was to compare milk quality parameters among herds characterized by different levels of milk production. The research involved 1080 bulk milk samples collected from 30 dairy herds, which produce milk for Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, during three years. Each milk sample was analysed for fat, crude protein, titratable acidity, total bacterial count, somatic cells, coliform bacteria, and Clostridia spores. Least mean values were obtained by ANOVA using milk production intervals from 6000 to 7999 (L-group), from 8000 to 9999 (M-group), and from 10000 to 12000 kg/cow/lactation (H-group) as fixed milk production classes. Increased milk production was associated with a reduction in milk fat content (from 3.54 in the L-group milk to 3.29 g/100 g in the H-group milk). An improvement in the hygienic-sanitary quality of milk was observed with increasing milk production. In fact, a progressive decrease in the total bacterial count (from 95 in the L-group milk to 45 103 cfu/mL in the H-group milk), number of coliforms (from 2294 in the L-group milk to 1342 cfu/mL in the H-group milk), and somatic cell number (from 382 in the L-group milk to 209 103 cells/mL in the H-group milk) was observed with the increase in milk production level. Finally, it appears that higher milk yield is connected with significant positive effects on the lactodynamometric properties of milk
H, C, and O Stable Isotope Ratios of Passito Wine
No full textIn this study we investigated the effect of the grape withering process occurring during the production of Italian
passito wines on the variability of the (D/H)I, (D/H)II, δ13C, and δ18O of wine ethanol and the δ18O of wine water. The
production of PDO Erbaluce di Caluso Passito in five different cellars in Piedmont (Italy) was considered in two successive years.
Moreover, samples of 17 different traditional Italian passito wines taken at different stages of maturation were taken into account.
We found that the δ18O of must and wine water and the δ18O of ethanol decrease in the case of passito wines produced in
northern and central Italy using postharvest drying of the grapes in dedicated ventilated or unventilated fruit drying rooms
( f ruttaio), during autumn−winter. For passito wines produced in southern Italy, where the main technique involves withering on
the plant (en plein air), δ18O tends to increase. The (DH)I of wine ethanol did not change during withering, whereas the (DH)II
and δ13C values changed slightly, but without any clear trend. Particular attention must be therefore paid in the evaluation of the
δ18O data of passito wines for fraud detection
Histamine-2-receptor antagonists and oesophageal cancer
No full textPeptic ulcer and gastrectomy are associated with an increased risk of oesophageal cancer. We considered the relation between treatment with histamine-2 (H-2)-receptor antagonists and subsequent risk of oesophageal cancer. Data from a case-control study conducted between 1984 and 1995 in northern Italy were used. These comprised 407 incident, histologically confirmed cases and 1168 controls admitted for acute, non-neoplastic, non-digestive tract conditions, unrelated to known risk factors for oesophageal cancer. Ten (2.5%) cases and 52 (4.5%) controls reported using H-2-receptor antagonists at some time, corresponding to a multivariate odds ratio (OR) of 0.5 (95% confidence interval 0.2-1.0). The OR was 0.4 for subjects who had started use seven years earlier or less, and 0.6 for those who had started use more than seven years ago. These findings indicate that risk of oesophageal cancer is not increased among H-2-receptor antagonist users. This trend to protection may be explained in terms of chance alone, or may be partly related to a possible favourable impact of H-2-receptor-antagonists on chronic oesophageal carcinogenesis
Role of mitochondrial DNA in longevity, aging and age-related diseases in humans: A reappraisal
No full textThe genetic variability of H. sapiens mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be either germ-line inherited or somatically acquired, and its effect on aging and longevity as well as on the pathogenesis of complex age related diseases is a hot topic. Here we illustrate the complexity of such studies, related to the large genetic variability of mtDNA in different populations and the fact that the rate of the aging process is different in different cells, tissues and organs. As far as concern Alzheimer's disease, the accumulation of somatic mutations in several tissues have been investigated, as well as the inherited mtDNA variability. However, the issue is still controversial and further studies are needed to clarify the role of mtDNA variants in Alzheimer's disease. This review is aimed to summarize the most recent advances in this field. By high throughput mtDNA sequencing and the study of large cohorts of ethnically homogeneous subjects/patients, it is now possible to perform high dimensionality studies in order to clarify the genetic associations among several inherited mtDNA variants and longevity or age-associated diseases in humans
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