1,355,554 research outputs found
Long-term immunity after HBV vaccine: shall we consider a change? A 20-year-follow-up study: Marco Fonzo
No full textINTRODUCTION: Although vaccines against HBV have been available since the 1980s, the long-term immunity is still debated. When assessing immune persistence, a number of clearly defined variables must be taken into account. Often the expression ‘infant vaccination’ means the administration within the first year of life at any age, but a difference of a few months may imply a different antibody persistence over the years. This study assessed the anti-HBs titre 20 years after the primary vaccination course and estimated the effect of age at 1st dose and time interval between doses on long-term protection. METHODS: Data on age, sex and date of administration were collected. Inclusion criteria: born to negative mother, 3-dose schedule, no previous HBV infection, age at enrolment 18-24 years; age at 1st dose 2-12 months. Titres ≥10IU/l were considered protective. A logistic regression was performed, adjusting for sex, follow-up time and date of 1st dose and analysis. RESULTS: We included 5,485 participants (64% female). The mean anti-HBsAg increased from 46, 52, 85 to 193IU/l when the 1st dose was administered in the I, II, III or IV trimester of life, respectively. Similarly, the proportion of individuals with titre <10IU/l decreased from 51 to 18% between the two extreme quarters. The risk of a titre <10IU/l decreased with age at the 1st dose (AOR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.78-0.91 per one-month increase) and time between the 2nd and 3rd doses (AOR: 0.89; 95%CI:0.85-0.94). CONCLUSIONS: The mere presence of a titre <10IU/l does not equate lack of protection. However, antibody levels are very different depending on the actual age of vaccination. One-month delay within the first year is associated with a -18% chance of a titre <10IU/l 20 years later. Although this information needs to be combined with local epidemiology and surveillance to obtain an informed risk-benefit balance, the implications from a public health and economic perspective may be diverse and worth considering. KEY MESSAGES: • Still within the first year of life, a delay in the administration of the 1st dose of HBV vaccine and a longer time between the 2nd and 3rd dose imply a higher antibody persistence even 20 years later. • Considering the local circulation of HBV and surveillance, this result could be taken into account to obtain an informed risk-benefit balance
Erminio Fonzo, Il mondo antico negli scritti di Antonio Gramsci
No full textCes dernières années ont vu un nouvel intérêt pour la pensée d’Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) dans les études sur l’Antiquité et sa réception. Après un colloque tenu en 2017 à Newcastle sur Antonio Gramsci and the Ancient World, dont les actes sont en cours de publication, et la fondation en 2018 d’un Gramsci Research Network dédié à ce thème, un ouvrage étudiant la relation du théoricien marxiste italien avec l’Antiquité est paru en 2019. Son auteur, Erminio Fonzo, chercheur en histoire contemp..
Spread of SARS-CoV-2 at school through the pandemic waves: a population-based cohort study in Italy: Marco Fonzo
No full textBACKGROUND: To limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission, proactive closure of schools is often believed by policy-makers and public an effective strategy. While evidence on the role of students in the spread is ongoing, effects of closure on children's well-being are well known. The number of secondary cases per class has been considered one of main driving criteria to mandate for distance learning. We aimed to calculate the rate of secondary infections per classroom and to identify factors associated with the development of school clusters. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study between October 2020 and November 2021 in the province of Venice, Italy, a catchment area of 600,000 inhabitants. Primary, middle and high-schools were included. RESULTS: We identified 1,623 primary cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in students. Of these, 72.5% did not lead to any secondary case in the school setting, 15.6% to 1, and 11.9% to 2+ contagions. The so-called second wave (Oct-Dec 2020) was associated with a lower occurrence of 2+ contagions (AOR=0.37; 95%CI: 0.24-0.56) than the fourth (Sep-Nov 2021). Both primary (AOR=1.74; 95%CI: 1.16-2.63) and middle schools (AOR=1.76 95%CI: 1,14-2,72) showed higher odds than high schools for cluster generation of 2+ cases. The involvement of 2+ secondary cases was lesser associated with the index case being a student rather than school staff (AOR=0.42; 95%CI: 0.29-0.60). The number of 2+ cases clusters per week followed a time trend in line with the general population incidence. CONCLUSIONS: The school environment does not facilitate viral spread, but rather reflects transmission in the community. Appropriate measures (use of airway protection devices, interpersonal distancing, frequent hand and respiratory hygiene) and timely case tracking make school a safe place. Given the documented negative effects of school closures on children's learning and well-being, maintaining school attendance is as essential as it is desirable. KEY MESSAGES: • A SARS-CoV-2 positive student at school does not generate secondary infections in 3 out of 4 cases. The risk of cluster generation is lower when the index case is a student rather than school staff. • The school environment does not facilitate viral spread, but rather reflects transmission in the community. School attendance is essential considering the effects on children’s learning and wellbeing
Una deportazione durante il Ventennio fascista. Gli alti dignitari etiopi confinati a Mercogliano (1937-1940)
No full textAt the end of the 1930s, about one hundred Ethiopian citizens were confined in the town of Mercogliano (Avellino). The confined persons were members of the country’s ruling class and were part of a wider group of aristocrats deported in Italy after the attempt against Rodolfo Graziani (19 February 1937). The Ethiopians, hosted in two religious institutes, were subjected to a regime that was not too hard under the material point of view, but traumatic in psychological terms, because nearly all of them had sworn allegiance to Italy and expected to have a political role in the new colonial Ethiopia. The deportees were repatriated between the second half of 1938 and the beginning of 1940. For most of them, the experience of deportation represented a rupture in their relationship with Italy and proved to be counterproductive for the fascist regime
Fully reconciled GDP forecasts from Income and Expenditure sides
No full textWe propose a complete reconciliation procedure, resulting in a `one number forecast' of the GDP figure, coherent with both Income and Expenditure sides' forecasted series, and evaluate its performance on the Australian quarterly GDP series, as compared to the original proposal by Athanasopoulos et al. (2019)
Mediterranean mosaic. History and art
No full textThe Mediterranean is far more than a sea. For millennia, it has created space for contact and cross-fertilization between the many cultures which have met, negotiated, battled, traded and shared knowledge and experiences on its waters and along its shores. This volume contains a collection of essays by international scholars of history, art and culture investigating interactions between diverse societies across the Mediterranean world from the Medieval period to the present
Report on Migrants and Refugees across Europe. How to share the challenge for a shared world of peace. International Seminar. Rome 27-29 April 2016
No full textReport of the Semina
Use and abuse of history and memory: the Istrian-Dalmatian exodus and the current refugee flows
No full textAfter the World War II, about 300.000 Italian people abandoned Istria and Dalmatia, which were annexed by Yugoslavia, and moved to Italy. The exodus is tied to the atrocities committed by the Slavic forces, the so called foibe massacres. Today the memory of these events is growing, mainly in its public-institutional representations, and many initiatives are organized to remember the exiles. Knowledge and awareness of the Istrian-Dalmatian
exodus, however, are limited to a minority of the population; the story is often told in an one-sided way and memory lends itself to political (and unfair) uses. The exodus is sometimes mentioned within the public discourse about the current migration flows, but,
generally, memory is used to reject immigrants, and not to welcome them. Remembrance, indeed, is mainly cultivated by right-wing groups, which oppose the arrivals of foreigners.
Moreover, often the associations of Istrian-Dalmatian exiles do not use the memory of their exodus to favour the reception of immigrants
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