501 research outputs found
Vito Volterra
No full textVito Volterra (1860-1940) was one of the most famous representatives of Italian science in his day. Angelo Guerragio and Giovanni Paolini analyze Volterra’s most important contributions to mathematics and their applications, as well as his outstanding organizational achievements in scientific policy. Volterra was one of the founding fathers of functional analysis and the author of fundamental contributions in the field of integral equations, elasticity theory and population dynamics (Lotka-Volterra model). He delivered keynote lectures on the occasion of the International Congresses of Mathematicians held in Paris (1900), Rome (1908), Strasbourg (1920) and Bologna (1928). He became involved in the scientific development in united Italy and was appointed senator of the kingdom in 1905. One of his numerous non-mathematical activities was founding the National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR). During the First World War he was active in military research. After the war he took a clear stand against fascism, which was the starting point for his exclusion. In 1926 he resigned as president of the world famous Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and was later on excluded from the academy. In 1931 he was one of the few university lecturers who denied to swear an oath of allegiance to the fascistic regime. In 1938 he suffered from the impact of the racial laws. The authors draw a comprehensive picture of Vito Volterra, both as a great mathematician and an organizer of science
Il ruolo del substrato di rame nella sintesi di grafene cresciuto per deposizione chimica da fase vapore
No full textLa Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) permette la crescita di sottili strati di grafene con aree di decine di centimetri quadrati in maniera continua ed uniforme. Questa tecnica utilizza un substrato metallico, solitamente rame, riscaldato oltre i 1000 °C, sulla cui superficie il carbonio cristallizza sotto forma di grafene in un’atmosfera attiva di metano ed idrogeno. Durante la crescita, sulla superficie del rame si decompone il metano utilizzato come sorgente di carbonio. La morfologia e la composizione della superficie del rame diventano quindi elementi critici del processo
per garantire la sintesi di grafene di alta qualità e purezza.
In questo manoscritto si documenta l’attività sperimentale
svolta presso i laboratori dell’Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi del CNR di Bologna sulla caratterizzazione
della superficie del substrato di rame utilizzato per la sintesi del
grafene per CVD. L’obiettivo di questa attività è stato la caratterizzazione della morfologia superficiale del foglio metallico con misure di rugosità e di dimensione dei grani cristallini, seguendo l’evoluzione di queste caratteristiche durante i passaggi del processo di sintesi. Le misure di rugosità sono state effettuate utilizzando tecniche di profilometria ottica interferometrica, che hanno permesso di misurare l’effetto di livellamento successivo all' introduzione di un etching chimico nel processo consolidato utilizzato presso i laboratori dell’IMM di Bologna. Nell'ultima parte di questo manoscritto si è invece studiato, con
tecniche di microscopia ottica ed elettronica a scansione, l’effetto di diverse concentrazioni di argon e idrogeno durante il
trattamento termico di annealing del rame sulla riorganizzazione dei suoi grani cristallini. L’analisi preliminare effettuata ha
permesso di individuare un intervallo ottimale dei parametri di
annealing e di crescita del grafene, suggerendo importanti direzioni per migliorare il processo di sintesi attualmente utilizzato
Linking protein-protein interactions to the diversity of amyloid-like aggregates
No full textProtein aggregation is often studied in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Deposits of supramolecular aggregates, often appearing as ordered fibrils, are associated with the onset of devastating pathologies as Alzheimer´s and Parkinson´s diseases. Equally important is the impact that the formation of protein aggregates may have in the quality of a protein drug product. The presence of the so-called sub-visible particles (SVP) and visible particles in protein drug product is indeed considered one of the risk factors potentially inducing immune response in patients. Finally yet importantly, protein aggregates, and particularly amyloid fibrils, have unique structural, physico-chemical, mechanical and optical properties, making them appealing bio-inspired materials for several applications. Either one looks at protein aggregation in the context of diseases, drug development or biomaterials, understanding how protein-protein (PPIs) and protein-solvent interactions (PSI) determine aggregation kinetics and the morphology/structures of the final aggregates is a conditio sine qua non for unraveling the molecular mechanisms ruling the self-assembly reaction and for controlling it.
In our group, we have reported the possibility for a large group of proteins under specific destabilizing conditions to form a variety of protein aggregates, being it not limited to the formation of amyloid fibrils (Figure 1) [1]. In line with the scope of the conference, I will present our unique approach based on advanced fluorescence microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering and spectroscopy and aimed at identifying the key PPIs and PSIs responsible for such variability in structures and morphologies [2-6]. We use surfactants, salts, alcohols in bulk and microfluidic setups to finely tune the interactions between proteins and, consequently, control the self-assembly process. Our results show that subtle changes in the PPIs and PSI do not only affect the kinetics, but they may also have a dramatic effect on the 3D arrangement, microscopic structures, mechanical properties and stability of the final self-assembled structures. Our findings provide a scenario in which a pool of highly heterogeneous structures can be generated as a result of interconnected aggregation pathways, being this aspect of key relevance especially for protein drug product development and optimization.
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The part-time work and job on call in JustEatTakeaway supplementary company agreement for Takeaway.com Express Italy (Just Eat group) riders
No full textThe comment deals with the part-time work regulation, contained, in particular, in Part II of the JustEatTakeaway supplementary company
agreement. The use of this instrument is expected to be massive, considering that it is, in the parties' plans, the common form of work in the company.
The author analyses the provisions contained in the collective agreement, especially in the light of the discipline contained in the CCNL Logistica, Trasporto, Merci e Spedizione and in the Protocol signed on 18 July 2018 for the same sector. The author also discusses the rules on overtime and supplementary work and the rules on intermittent work, which are also subject to specific contractual regulations
The working time regulation in JustEatTakeaway supplementary company agreement for Takeaway.com Express Italy (Just Eat group) riders
No full textConsidering that the regulation of the time and the possible economic relevance of the phases of waiting for delivery is a field of discussion still access regarding the work of riders, the Author analyzes, in detail, how the JustEatTakeway supplementary company agreement regulates
the working hours of riders. The Author illustrates the discipline contained in the CCNL Logistica,Trasporto, Merci e Spedizione and in the Protocol signed on July 18, 2018 for the same sector, to which the same company agreement in comment refers
Facilmente digeribile...ma non per la Corte di giustizia! Ovvero: della nozione di «informazioni sulla salute» nell'etichettatura delle bevande alcoliche secondo la normativa UE
No full textIn this article the Author comments on the recent sentence of the Court of Justice EU of 6 September 2012, Deutsches Weintor. After a general introduction of the issue and a summary of the grounds of the decision, the Author highlights problems with the interpretation of the Regulation (Ec) No 1924/06 given by the Court of Justice and finds it both too restrictive and in non-compliance with the principle of proportionality. The negative consequences of the sentence in the specific sector of the functional foodstuffs market are analysed, and the juridical evaluation also covers the Commission Regulation (Eu) No 432/2012 of 16 May 2012 establishing a list of permitted health claims made in foods, as well as the role of EFSA in the definition of the criterion to interpret the Regulation on nutritional and health claims. The article concludes with a request for a future revision of the jurisprudence and the general regulation of this matter in order to achieve a better equilibrium between the protection of health, consumer rights and the economic interests of businesses
Il diritto sindacale al tempo della crisi. Intervento eteronomo e profili di legittimità costituzionale
No full textThe essay explores some recent law reforms in the field of individual and collective labour relations and focuses on the lowering of the level of protectiveness towards workers they seem to foster as well as on their effect on the system of sources of regulation (i.e. the shift from legislative regulation to contractual norms; from nation-wide collective agreements to plant-level agreements). In this perspective, the author focuses on the consistence of these trends with constitutional principles and rules concerning trade union freedom and collective bargaining. To this end, the author offers an analysis of relevant doctrine and case law and suggests re-reading some basic decisions issued by the Constitutional Court over the time, arguing they still deserve due attention. Throughout his analysis, the author warns about the risk of considering obsolete fundamental principles and rights that are rather still of crucial importance in the current constitutional legal framework
L'evoluzione della nozione di consumatore nel processo di integrazione europea
No full textThis article examines the evolution of the notion of "consumer" in the European Union law through an analysis of the EUCJ case law and secondary EU legislation, highlighting the most recent developments and the possible impact on the EU single market. The Author underlines, in particular, how the tendency to accentuate the abstraction of the notion of "consumer" can cause distortions which do not really help in the protection of consumer rights and create juridical uncertainty for business operators. Therefore it would be desirable to find a recylatoru and judicial approach that corresponds better to rhe reality of consumer dynamics in the framework of an increased sensitivity to individuals and their vulnerabilities
The route to protein aggregate superstructures: Particulates and amyloid-like spherulites
No full textAbstractDepending on external conditions, native proteins may change their structure and undergo different association routes leading to a large scale polymorphism of the aggregates. This feature has been widely observed but is not fully understood yet. This review focuses on morphologies, physico-chemical properties and mechanisms of formation of amyloid structures and protein superstructures. In particular, the main focus will be on protein particulates and amyloid-like spherulites, briefly summarizing possible experimental methods of analysis. Moreover, we will highlight the role of protein conformational changes and dominant forces in driving association together with their connection with the final aggregate structure. Eventually, we will discuss future perspectives in this field and we will comment what is, in our opinion, urgently needed
From "Cambozola" to "Toscoro". The Difficult Distinction between "Evocation" of a Protected Geographical Indication, "Product Affinity" and Misleading Commercial Practices
No full textIn this article the Author analyses the developments in the EU case-law on the notion of “evocation” of a geographical indication protected by the European Union in order to precisely define the elements of this particular case, distinguish it from the so-called “product affinity” and misleading conduct of juxtaposition and confusion as to the origin and identity of products, as well as analysing the boundary between “evocation” and “indirect comparative advertising” in the context of a market with increasing competition between PDO/PGI products and similar- generic products
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