170,023 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Life of John Wishart (1850–1926): Study of an Academic Surgical Career Prior to the Flexner Report
No full textBackground
The 1910 Flexner Report on Medical Education in the United States and Canada is often taken as the point when medical schools in North America took on their modern form. However, many fundamental advances in surgery, such as anesthesia and asepsis, predated the report by decades. To understand the contribution of educators in this earlier period, we investigated the forgotten career of John Wishart, founding Professor of Surgery at Western University, London Ontario.
Methods
Archives at the University of Western Ontario, University of Toronto, London City Library, and Wellington County Museum were searched for material about Wishart and his times.
Results
A fragmented biography can be assembled from family notes and obituaries with the help of contemporary documents compiled by early 20th century medical school historians. Wishart assisted Abraham Groves in the first reported operation for which aseptic technique was used (1874). He was considered locally to perform pioneering surgery, including an appendectomy in 1886. Wishart was a founding member of the medical faculty at Western University in 1881, initially as Demonstrator of Anatomy and subsequently as its first Professor of Clinical Surgery, which post he held until 1910. Comprehensive notes from his undergraduate lectures demonstrate his teaching style, which mixed organized didacticism with practical advice. The role of the Flexner review in the termination of his professorship is hinted at in minutes of Faculty of Medicine meetings. Wishart was a foundation fellow of the American College of Surgeons and a founding physician of London’s Catholic hospital, St. Joseph’s, despite his own Protestant background.
Conclusions
Wishart’s career comprised all the elements of modern academic surgery, including pioneering service, research, and teaching. Surgery at Western owes as much to Wishart as it does to university reorganization in response to the Flexner report
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
A 0.12mm<sup>2</sup> Wien-Bridge Temperature Sensor with 0.1°C (3σ) Inaccuracy from -40°C to 180°C
No full text Resistor-based temperature sensors can achieve much higher resolution and energy efficiency than conventional BJT-based sensors [1], but they typically occupy more area (> 0.25 mm 2 ) and have lower operating temperatures (le 125 {circ} {C}) [2]-[4]. This work describes a 0.12mm 2 resistor-based sensor that uses a Wien-bridge (WB) filter to achieve 0.1 {circ} {C} (3 sigma) inaccuracy from - 40 {circ} {C} to 180 {circ} {C}. Compared to a state-of-the-art WB sensor [4], it occupies 6 × less area and achieves comparable relative accuracy over a 76% wider operating range. Session 10.3 Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic InstrumentationMicroelectronic
Percepções sobre saúde e doença dos estudantes da primeira fase do Curso de Medicina da UFSC
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública.Considerando que a concepção de saúde-doença fundamenta a estrutura curricular das escolas médicas, a sua proposta pedagógica e, por fim, a prática profissional, o objetivo geral da pesquisa foi investigar as percepções sobre o processo saúde-doença dos estudantes da primeira fase do curso de medicina da UFSC, traduzidas nas expectativas que eles têm em relação à sua formação e ao seu futuro profissional e na definição de saúde e doença. Os pressupostos são que os estudantes têm uma concepção biologicista do processo saúde doença e de que isso se traduza na formação através da expectativa de um ensino voltado para o diagnóstico e tratamento das doenças, realizado preferencialmente no ambiente hospitalar. No exercício profissional, pressupõe-se que esperem exercer a profissão no hospital e no consultório particular, como especialistas, com grande reconhecimento social, tanto em prestígio como em retorno financeiro. Espera-se, ainda, que ao definir saúde, o façam como a ausência de doenças e que, na definição de doença, a restrinjam ao corpo biológico. A pesquisa foi qualitativa, através de um estudo de caso, utilizando a entrevista semi-estruturada como técnica de coleta de dados. Os sujeitos do estudo foram onze estudantes da primeira fase do curso de medicina da UFSC do primeiro semestre de 2006, sendo seis do sexo masculino e cinco do sexo feminino, escolhidos aleatoriamente entre os que concordaram em participar da pesquisa. Os dados foram organizados e analisados através da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A análise dos discursos teve como referência as concepções de saúde-doença, que, em decorrência do marco teórico utilizado, foram divididas em três categorias: a concepção biologicista, a concepção multicausal e a da determinação social da doença. Os resultados mostraram a existência de uma forte visão biologicista do processo saúde-doença traduzida nas expectativas em relação à formação e ao exercício da profissão no futuro, mas com uma forte disposição altruísta e humanitária presentes nesta fase inicial. Na definição de saúde e doença aparece a noção de equilíbrio-desequilíbrio ente os aspectos físicos e psíquicos como determinador do estado de saúde ou de doença da pessoa. Saúde e doença adquirem um caráter subjetivo e individual para o Sujeito Coletivo. O papel das condições de vida, incluindo as sócio-econômicas, de habitação, educação, saneamento básico, lazer, entre outros, também aparecem como intervenientes no processo de adoecer, recuperar e manter a saúde. Não há entretanto um percepção da causalidade da doença determinada socialmente. A concepção de saúde-doença predominante é a multicausal, embora com um forte componente biologicista em alguns momentos e uma percepção que coincide com a promoção da saúde, em outros. O Sujeito Coletio, portanto, é contraditório. Considerou-se que a vivência dos estudantes com o novo currículo em implantação na UFSC possa ter influenciado favoravelmente para uma ampliação do significado e importância da prática médica para além da prática clínica. O autor questiona a amplitude da nova proposta curricular do curso de medicina da UFSC, considerando que ela, em seu formato, não rompe com a lógica disciplinar, embora acrescente elementos da prática profissional na formação desde o início do curso. Considera, também, a importância de continuar acompanhando os estudantes para avaliar a evolução da concepção de saúde-doença ao longo do desenvolvimento do curso. Taking into consideration that the conception of health-disease gives support to the curricular structure of medical schools, its pedagogical proposition and its professional practice, the general objective of the present study was to investigate the perceptions about health-disease among the students from the first semester of the course of medicine at UFSC, perceptions that are translated into the expectations that these students have in relation to their studies and to their professional future, as well as to the definition of health and disease. The assumptions are that the students have a biologicist conception of the health-disease process and that this view can be translated in the studies through the expectations of a kind of teaching that emphasizes the diagnosis and the treatment of the diseases, which takes place, specially, in the hospital environment. In the professional practice, one may presuppose that they expect to practice the profession in the hospital, and in a private doctor´s office as specialists, and as professionals socially recognized in prestige, as well as in financial gains. Additionally, it is expected that when defining health, the subjects mean lack of disease and that, when defining disease, they restrict it to the biological body. This research was a qualitative case-study, that was accomplished by means of a semi-structured interview as a technique of data collection. The subjects of the study were eleven (11) students, six male and five female, attending the first period of Medicine at UFSC, during the first semester of 2006, students who were chosen at random among those who agreed to participate of the research. The data were organized and analyzed through the technique of the Discourse of the Collective Subject. The analysis of the discourses used as reference the conceptions of health-disease, that as a result of the theoretical mark used , were divided into three categories: the biologicist conception, the multi causal conception and the one of the social determination of the disease. The results indicated a strong biologicist view of the health-disease process translated in the expectations in relation to the studies, and to the practice of the profession in the future, but with a strong altruist disposition and humanitarian disposition present in this initial phase. In the definition of health and disease the notion of equilibrium-unbalance appears among biological and psychic aspects as determinants of the condition of health or disease of a person. Health and disease acquire, in this case, a subjective and individual form for the Collective Subject. The role of the living conditions, including the ones such as socio economic, habitation, education, basic sanitation, leisure, among others, appear also interfering in the process of becoming ill, of recovering and of the maintenance of health. There is not, therefore, a perception of the occurrence of the disease socially determined. The predominant conception of health-disease is multi casual, although with a strong bioligicist component in some moments, and a perception that coincides with the promotion of health, in others. The Collective Subject, therefore, is contradictory. It was taken into consideration that the experience of the students with the new curriculum implanted at UFSC may have influenced positively in the amplification of the meaning and in the importance of the medical practice for beyond the clinical practice.The author argue the amplitude of the new curricular proposition for the Course of Medicine at UFSC, considering that it, in its format, does not break the logic of the disciplines, although it adds elements of the professional practice into the formation since the beginning of the course. It also takes into account the importance of keeping on monitoring the students in order to evaluate the evolution of the conception of health- disease during all the course
A ±25A Versatile Shunt-Based Current Sensor with 10kHz Bandwidth and ±0.25% Gain Error from -40°C to 85°C Using 2-Current Calibration
No full textAccurate current sensing is critical in many industrial applications, such as battery management and motor control. Precise shunt-based current sensors have been reported with gain errors of less than 1% over the industrial temperature range (-40°C to 85°C) [1]–[4]. However, since they are intended for coulomb counting, their bandwidth is limited to a few tens of Hz, making them unsuitable for battery impedance or motor-current sensing. This paper presents a current sensor with a wide (10kHz) bandwidth and a tunable temperature compensation scheme (TCS), which allows it to be flexibly used with different types of shunts while maintaining high accuracy. A low-cost room-temperature calibration scheme is proposed to optimize gain flatness over temperature by exploiting the shunt's self-heating at large currents. Over the industrial temperature range and a ±25A current range, it achieves state-of-the-art gain error (±0.25%) with both low-cost PCB and stable metal-alloy shunts.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic InstrumentationMicroelectronic
Neuron-associated class III beta-tubulin isotype, microtubule-associated protein 2, and synaptophysin in human retinoblastomas in situ. Further immunohistochemical observations on the Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes
No full textWe studied by immunohistochemistry 26 retinoblastomas in situ using monoclonal antibodies specific for the neuron-associated class III beta-tubulin isotype (h beta 4), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and synaptophysin. Anti-h beta 4 and anti-MAP2 immunostaining was consistently obtained in the Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes, in fleurettes, in Homer Wright (neuroblastic) rosettes, and also variably among poorly differentiated tumor cells. A similar pattern of antisynaptophysin immunopositivity was seen, but was especially pronounced in the adluminal borders of cells forming the Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes. The demonstration of h beta 4, MAP2, and synaptophysin epitopes in poorly differentiated and maturing neoplastic phenotypes in retinoblastomas attests to the neuronal character of this embryonal tumor. Immunoreactivity toward h beta 4 and MAP2 epitopes by poorly differentiated neoplastic cells may indicate early neuronal commitment in retinoblastoma. The consistent immunostaining of Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes with monoclonal antibodies to h beta 4 and MAP2 is in keeping with the previous ultrastructural documentation of microtubules with a neuronal-like spatial organization present in the cells of these structures
An Article About Albertus C. Van Raalte, Author Unknown, Except for Parts Taken from an Article by Anna C. Post
No full textAn article about Albertus C. Van Raalte, author unknown, except for parts taken from an article by Anna C. Post. The author knew first generation persons in the Holland settlement and therefore, the article has some value.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1890s/1012/thumbnail.jp
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