1,721,267 research outputs found
Voice of the diaspora : an analysis of migrant voting behaviour
No full textThis paper utilizes a unique dataset on votes cast by Czech and Polish migrants in their recent national elections to investigate the impact of institutional, political and economic characteristics
on migrants’ voting behavior. The political preferences of migrants are strikingly different from those of their domestic counterparts. In addition, there are also important differences among migrants living in different countries. This paper examines three alternative hypotheses to explain migrant voting behavior: adaptive learning; economic self-selection and political selfselection. The results of the analysis suggest that migrant voting behavior is affected by the institutional environment of the host countries, in particular the tradition of democracy and the extent of economic freedom. In contrast, there is little evidence that differences in migrants’ political attitudes are caused by self-selection based either on economic motives or political attitudes prior to migrating. These results are interpreted as indicating that migrants’ political preferences change in the wake of migration as they adapt to the norms and values prevailing in their surroundings
Who is in favor of enlargement? Determinants of support for EU membership in the candidate countries' referenda
Full text linkWe analyze support for EU membership as expressed in voting patterns in the candidate countries’ referenda on EU membership, using regional referendum results and individual survey data on voting intentions. We find that favorable individual and regional characteristics are positively correlated with support for accession and voter participation. In contrast, those who should benefit from future EU transfers are less likely to vote and/or support EU membership. We argue that voters in the candidate countries assign greater weight on future benefits from liberalization and integration than on potential gains through redistribution. --Voting,referendum,EU enlargement,integration
Labor mobility during transition : evidence from the Czech Republic
Full text link"In this paper, I analyze the development of inter-regional mobility in the Czech Republic during the transition from central planning to a market economy. I show that the intensity of migration is low and even has fallen during the transition regional disparities in unemployment rates and earnings have increased. More importantly, labor mobility is little effective in facilitating labor-market adjustment to employment shocks. Using aggregate inter-regional migration data and survey data an past and prospective migration and the willingness to move. I find that economic factor play little role in explaining migration patterns. There is, nonetheless, some tentative evidence of the greater importance of economic considerations in explaining future migration intentions and the willingness to move. Thus, while at present migration appears more of a social or demographic rather than economic phenomenon, its economic role may strengthen in the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))regionale Mobilität - Determinanten, Binnenwanderung, Arbeitskräftemobilität, osteuropäischer Transformationsprozess, regionale Mobilität - Entwicklung, regionaler Arbeitsmarkt, regionale Disparität, Arbeitslosenquote, ökonomische Faktoren, Mobilitätsbereitschaft, soziale Faktoren, demografische Faktoren, Tschechische Republik
UK national minimum wage and labor market outcomes of young workers
Full text linkThe UK national minimum wage (NMW) is age-specific with the most important threshold at the age of 22 (lowered to 21 from 2010 onwards) when workers become eligible for the adult rate. The authors estimate the impact of this threshold on employment by means of a regression discontinuity analysis. Because this threshold is known in advance, they investigate the presence of discontinuities in both the level and the slope of employment probabilities at different ages around the threshold. Their results indicate that turning 22 does not significantly change the employment probability. However, they find a significant change in the slope of the probability of being employed around one year before, suggesting a smooth deterioration of employment probability before turning 22 rather than a sudden change at a particular age. This finding is confirmed by a difference-in-difference analysis. However, no such effect can be found during the period preceding the introduction of the NMW
How I learned to stop worrying and love the crisis
Full text linkIn this paper we investigate the effects of economic crises on the subsequent economic
performance, economic liberalization and institutional change. Our analysis is based on a sample of post-communist countries, most of which experienced severe economic crises in the early 1990s. We find that the severity of the crisis has a positive impact on the subsequent pace of economic reform and economic growth. The effect on institution change is more complicated: the crisis appears to cause an initial worsening of institutions followed by a subsequent improvement later on
Stability of Monetary Unions: Lessons from the Break-up of Czechoslovakia
Full text linkIn 1993, Czechoslovakia experienced a two-fold break-up: On January 1, the country disintegrated as a political union, while preserving an economic and monetary union. Then, the Czech-Slovak monetary union collapsed on February 8. We analyze the economic background of the two break-ups, and discuss lessons for the stability of monetary unions in general. We argue that Czechoslovakia fulfilled some of the optimum currency area criteria, however, given the low correlation of permanent shocks, it appears it was relatively less integrated than some other existing unions. That, along with low labor mobility and a higher concentration of heavy and military industries in Slovakia, made the Czechoslovak economy vulnerable to asymmetric economic shocks-such as those induced by the economic transition. Furthermore, the Czech-Slovak monetary union was marred by low credibility, lack of political commitment, low exit costs, and the absence of fiscal transfers.Optimum currency areas, disintegration, Czechoslovakia
Migration and adjustment to shocks in transition economies
Full text linkDoes migration serve as an effective channel of regional adjustment to idiosyncratic shocks in transition economies? If so, one should find a strong relationship between regional unemployment and average wages on the one hand, and migration flows on the other. Yet, the evidence from transition economies indicates that the efficacy of migration in reducing inter-regional unemployment and wage differentials has been low. High wages appear to stimulate overall mobility rather than encourage a net immigration, and the effect of unemployment is statistically weak and not robust. In addition, the effect of unemployment and wages on net migration flows is economically insignificant and the overall level of migration has fallen during transition. --Migration,Unemployment,Regional Shocks
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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