196,461 research outputs found
Dietary arachidonic acid in perinatal nutrition: a commentary
No full textArachidonic acid (AA) is supplied together with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in infant formulas, but we have limited knowledge about the effects of supplementation with either of these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on growth and developmental outcomes. AA is present in similar levels in breast milk throughout the world, whereas the level of DHA is highly diet dependent. Autopsy studies show similar diet-dependent variation in brain DHA, whereas AA is little affected by intake. Early intake of DHA has been shown to affect visual development, but the effect of LCPUFA on neurodevelopment remains to be established. Few studies have found any functional difference between infants supplemented with DHA alone compared to DHA+AA, but some studies show neurodevelopmental advantages in breast-fed infants of mothers supplemented with n-3 LCPUFA alone. It also remains to be established whether the AA/DHA balance could affect allergic and inflammatory outcomes later in life. Disentangling effects of genetic variability and dietary intake on AA and DHA-status and on functional outcomes may be an important step in the process of determining whether AA-intake is of any physiological or clinical importance. However, based on the current evidence we hypothesize that dietary AA plays a minor role on growth and development relative to the impact of dietary DHA
Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis in children aged 8-12 y: 2. The assessment of regional body composition and muscle mass
No full textObjectives: To investigate the potential of segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for assessing regional composition and muscle mass in children.Design: Strengths of relationships were determined between (a) BIA indices of trunk, limbs or limb segments and (b) segment fat or fat-free mass (FFM) assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); the extent of agreement was established between two independent models, based on DXA and BIA, of limb muscle and adipose tissue (AT) mass.Subjects: Eighteen boys and 19 girls aged 8-12 y.Measurements: BIA and anthropometry of trunk, whole limbs, limb segments and defined sections were used to calculate segmental impedance indices and specific resistivities; segment fat and FFM were obtained using DXA; muscle and AT masses of limbs, segments and sections were estimated using DXA and BIA models, and by anthropometry.Results: Segmental BIA indices were significantly related to composition of the segments assessed using DXA; although substantial bias was observed, there was fairly good agreement (low 95% limits of agreement) between the BIA and DXA models of muscle mass and estimates from each were similarly categorised in tertiles, as were estimates of AT.Conclusion: Segmental BIA appears to have potential for assessing in children the composition of body segments, as obtained using DXA, and the masses of muscle and AT in whole limbs, limb segments and defined sections
Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis in children aged 8-12 y: 1. The assessment of whole-body composition
No full textObjectives: To investigate the potential of segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for estimating whole-body composition in children.Design: Strengths of relationships were determined between indices of impedance or specific resistivities of body segments and reference four-component model (4-CM) assessments of body composition.Subjects: Eighteen boys and 19 girls aged 8-12 y.Measurements: Whole-body and segment BIA and anthropometry were used to calculate impedance indices of the whole body and segments and specific resistivities of segments; total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat were assessed using the 4-CM.Results: Segmental BIA indices were significantly related to body composition, provided that appropriate comparisons were undertaken for each index: impedance adjusted for unit segment length was better related to TBW and FFM, whereas segment specific resistivity was better related to body fat. Differences between body composition estimates obtained with the 4-CM and predicted using BIA were partly dependent on limb-to-trunk ratios of BIA indices.Conclusion: Segmental BIA has potential for providing additional alternative approaches to the assessment of whole-body composition in children: (a) FFM and TBW were best related to impedance adjusted for segment length; (b) body fat was best related to segment specific resistivity; and (c) the relative influences of different segment BIA indices may be utilisable for generating more valid whole-body composition estimates
Core data necessary for reporting clinical trials on nutrition in infancy
No full textAbstract not availableBerthold Koletzko, Mary Fewtrell, Robert Gibson, Johannes B. van Goudoever, Olle Hernell, Raanan Shamir, Hania Szajewsk
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Aggregate predictions improve accuracy when calculating metabolic variables used to guide treatment
No full textBACKGROUND: Many components of clinical management are tailored to metabolic variables, such as fat-free mass, fat mass, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and body surface area. However, these traits are difficult to measure in routine care and are typically predicted from simple anthropometric or bedside body-composition measurements. Many prediction equations have been published, but validation studies have shown that these equations tend to have limited accuracy in individuals and many have significant average bias. OBJECTIVE: We tested a mathematical approach that assumes that the aggregate of many independent predictions is more accurate than the best single prediction. DESIGN: Body composition was measured in 196 children aged 4-16 y by using the 4-component model. RMR was measured in 142 adult women. Data on weight, height, age, skinfold thickness, and body impedance were used in published equations to predict body composition (12 equations) or RMR (13 equations). The accuracy of individual compared with aggregate predictions, relative to the reference measurements, was compared by using the Bland and Altman method. RESULTS: For children's body composition and adult RMR, the aggregate predictions had lower mean biases and lower limits of agreement than did the individual predictions, and the aggregate predictions performed better than did any individual prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Aggregate predictions perform better than single predictions at predicting fat-free mass, fat mass, total body water, and RMR. Our findings indicate that the accuracy of calculating variables such as energy requirements and drug and dialysis dosages can be improved significantly with the use of our mathematical approach
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
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