96 research outputs found
Mantenimiento de equipos de riego por goteo
No full textParte del éxito en el funcionamiento de un equipo de riego por goteo consiste en tenerlo en condiciones
óptimas de operación en todo momento, lo que se consigue a través de una revisión e inspección
permanente. Cualquier interrupción del plan de riego puede tener efectos lamentables para las plantas al
producirse un déficit hídrico al romperse el bulbo húmedo.EEA MendozaFil: Ferrari, Florencia Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza. Agencia de Extensión Rural Luján de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Angulo, Carlos Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza. Agencia de Extensión Rural Luján de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Espíndola, Rodrigo Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza. Agencia de Extensión Rural Luján de Cuyo; Argentin
Prototipo de un videojuego perteneciente al género RPG Horror en Unity, incorporando las características claves e icónicas relaciondas con el motor RPGMaker
No full textEn este documento se presenta una investigación acerca de la industria de los videojuegos, precisamente sobre el género “RPG”, la temática “Horror” dentro de este, y el motor de desarrollo “RPG Maker”; analizando facetas de estos tres conceptos como, por ejemplo, su origen, recorrido, relación entre sí, y como se ven afectados en la actualidad en relación con el mercado y la demanda de los usuarios. Este análisis se llevó a cabo a través de la recopilación de datos de distintas fuentes y autores que trabajaron con estos conceptos, tomando estos como referencias junto a una investigación propia de opiniones del público gamer sobre juegos del género desarrollados por el motor RPG Maker, críticas, reseñas y disponibilidad de títulos en las plataformas digitales de compra de videojuegos más conocidas. Además de esta recolección de información sobre el público gamer en general, se indagó dentro de la Universidad a través de una encuesta a estudiantes con preguntas sobre títulos del género RPG Horror, reconocimiento, experiencias, etc. Finalmente, con la información adquirida de la investigación sobre el género, sus títulos, las reseñas y el análisis propio de las opiniones de la comunidad gamer y nuestra Universidad, se llevó a cabo el desarrollo de un videojuego RPG Horror utilizando el motor Unity, detallando las actividades y procesos a realizar mediante su desarrollo.Fil: Ferrari, Rodrigo Sebastiá. Universidad Nacional de Rafaela. Licenciatura en Producción de Videojuegos y Entretenimiento Digital; ArgentinaFil: Núñez, Pablo Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Rafaela. Licenciatura en Producción de Videojuegos y Entretenimiento Digital; Argentin
Accessing the Role of Trust Profiles for the Economic Growth of Societies : A Stochastic Rule-Based Simulation Using the Prisoner's Dilemma Game
No full textFunding Information: Manuscript received December 26, 2019; revised April 2, 2020; accepted April 18, 2020. Date of publication July 1, 2020; date of current version August 6, 2020. This work was supported in part by the Programa de Apoyo a Centros con Financiamiento Basal AFB 17004 to Fundación Ciencia & Vida, in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award FA9550-19-1-0368, and in part by the Instituto Milenio Centro Interdis-ciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso ICM-ECONOMIA under Grant P09-022-F. The work of James H. Liu was supported by the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development under Grant FA2386-15-1-0003. The work of Tomas Perez-Acle was supported in part by the FONDECYT under Grant 1160574 and in part by the Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-19-2-0242. (Corresponding author: Tomas Perez-Acle.) Pablo Monares, Rodrigo Santibañez, Alejandro Bernardin, and Ignacio Fuenzalida are with the Computational Biology Laboratory, Fundación Cien-cia & Vida, Santiago 7750000, Chile. Publisher Copyright: © 2014 IEEE.According to Robert Putnam, trust can be a proxy for social capital. Thus, a higher societal trust could be related to economic growth. To test this hypothesis, we simulated the association between trust and economic growth in two artificial societies. One artificial society (New Zealand) exhibited higher levels of initial trust, and the other (Argentina) had lower levels of trust. Initial starting points for simulations were set using representative survey data (using the global trust inventory). Computational simulation relied on a rule-based model (RBM), integrating time through a stochastic simulation algorithm implemented in PISKaS. Agents in the artificial societies were distributed according to proportions of four trust profiles, with more high trusters (HTs) in New Zealand. In each iteration, the agents played a prisoner's dilemma, earning or losing money according to different payoff matrices, cooperation probabilities, and interaction frequencies, modeling different conditions for economic exchange. We analyzed the economic performance of each country, together with the performance of each trust profile. Results support the notion that societies with high trust perform economically better, on average, than those with low trust, but only if interaction frequency is held constant. Despite the relevance of HTs for economic development, their performance is tightly linked to the type of society in which they interact: they prosper more in a Rule of Law society, and where HTs are more common, compared with a predators' paradise, where the sucker's payoff is more punitive
Development of an implantable three-dimensional model of a functional pathogenic multispecies biofilm to study infected wounds
No full textFunding Information: This research was supported by the Chilean Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID/ex-CONICYT), through the projects: FONDECYT (Nr. 1200280 to JTE), Beca Doctorado Nacional (Nr. 21171835 to C.C. and Nr. 21181181 to V.V.), Programa de Atracción e Inserción de Capital Humano Avanzado , Tesis de Doctorado en el Sector Productivo (Nr. T78191E004 to C.C. and Nr. T78191E003 to V.V.), and Convocatoria Nacional Subvención a la Instalación en la Academia (Nr. SA77210087 to I.C.). We acknowledge projects Fondequip EQM12-0003 and Fondequip EQM13-116 for providing the confocal microscope facility for in vitro analyses and Prof. Maria Rosa Bono from the immunology service of the Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, for her support in cytokine measurement and quantification (ANID/CONICYT; FONDEQUIP; EQM140016). We also acknowledge Prof. Claudia Yefi Rubio for her collaboration in animal care and therapy for the in vivo model, Prof. Antonio Eblen for his support in improving the experimental animal setting, and Prof. Rodrigo Troncoso for his support with the in vivo experiments. Funding Information: This research was supported by the Chilean Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID/ex-CONICYT), through the projects: FONDECYT (Nr. 1200280 to JTE), Beca Doctorado Nacional (Nr. 21171835 to C.C. and Nr. 21181181 to V.V.), Programa de Atracción e Inserción de Capital Humano Avanzado, Tesis de Doctorado en el Sector Productivo (Nr. T78191E004 to C.C. and Nr. T78191E003 to V.V.), and Convocatoria Nacional Subvención a la Instalación en la Academia (Nr. SA77210087 to I.C.). We acknowledge projects Fondequip EQM12-0003 and Fondequip EQM13-116 for providing the confocal microscope facility for in vitro analyses and Prof. Maria Rosa Bono from the immunology service of the Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, for her support in cytokine measurement and quantification (ANID/CONICYT; FONDEQUIP; EQM140016). We also acknowledge Prof. Claudia Yefi Rubio for her collaboration in animal care and therapy for the in vivo model, Prof. Antonio Eblen for his support in improving the experimental animal setting, and Prof. Rodrigo Troncoso for his support with the in vivo experiments. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Chronic wounds cannot heal due to impairment of regeneration, mainly caused by the persistent infection of multispecies biofilms. Still, the effects of biofilm wound infection and its interaction with the host are not fully described. We aimed to study functional biofilms in physiological conditions in vitro, and their potential effects in health and regeneration in vivo. Therefore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were seeded in collagen-based scaffolds for dermal regeneration. After 24 h, scaffolds had bacterial loads depending on the initial inoculum, containing viable biofilms with antibiotic tolerance. Afterwards, scaffolds were implanted onto full skin wounds in mice, together with daily supervision and antibiotic treatment. Although all mice survived their health was affected, displaying fever and weight loss. After ten days, histomorphology of scaffolds showed high heterogeneity in samples and within groups. Wounds were strongly, mildly, or not infected according to colony forming units, and P. aeruginosa had higher identification frequency. Biofilm infection induced leucocyte infiltration and elevated interferon-γ and interleukin-10 in scaffolds, increase of size and weight of spleen and high systemic pro-calcitonin concentrations. This functional and implantable 3D biofilm model allows to study host response during infection, providing a useful tool for infected wounds therapy development
Análisis bibliométrico de la actividad científica de los investigadores del CSIC en tres áreas, Biología y Biomedicina, Ciencia de los Materiales y Recursos Naturales : una aproximación metodológica a nivel micro (Web of Science, 1994-2004)
No full textT-cell based immunotherapies for Parkinson’s disease
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2021.Current evidence indicates that neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra associated to Parkinson’s disease is a consequence of a neuroinflammatory process in which microglial cells play a central role. The initial activation of microglial cells is triggered by pathogenic protein inclusions, which are mainly composed by α-synuclein. Importantly, these pathogenic forms of α-synuclein subsequently induce a T-cell-mediated autoimmune response to dopaminergic neurons. Depending on their functional phenotype, these autoreactive T-cells might shape the functional features of activated microglia. T-cells bearing pro-inflammatory phenotypes such as T-helper (Th)1 or Th17 promote a chronic inflammatory behaviour on microglia, whilst anti-inflammatory T-cells, such as regulatory T-cells (Treg) favour the acquisition of neuroprotective features by microglia. Thus, T-cells play a fundamental role in the development of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration involved in Parkinson’s disease. This review summarizes the evidence indicating that not only CD4+ T-cells, but also CD8+ T-cells play an important role in the physiopathology of Parkinson’s disease. Next, this review analyses the different T-cell epitopes derived from the pathogenic forms of α-synuclein involved in the autoimmune response associated to Parkinson’s disease in animal models and humans. It also summarizes the requirement of specific alleles of major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) class I and class II necessaries for the presentation of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell epitopes from the pathogenic forms of α-synuclein in both humans and animal models. Finally, this work summarizes and discusses a number of experimental immunotherapies that aim to strengthen the Treg response or to dampen the inflammatory T-cell response as a therapeutic approach in animal models of Parkinson’s disease
Globalisation and the state: what lessons does the Latin American ‘new left’ have to offer?
No full textmegaproject in Valparaíso city
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2023.Over the past decade, new municipalism has emerged as an alternative form of politics emphasising radical democracy and community-based urban agendas. However, recent election results and challenges in navigating existing institutional frameworks worldwide have prompted a further examination of the potential and limitations of new municipalism in different contexts. This article evaluates the implementation of new municipal governance in Valparaíso, Chile, where a neighbourhood organisation backed by the local government clashed with a developer seeking to privatise and redevelop a critical ecological area called Pümpin Park. The city's significant public park shortage led to widespread social unrest, protests, and legal inquiries. Using firsthand accounts and official records, this study analyses how Valparaíso practices new municipalism by collaborating with grassroots movements to achieve the project's cancellation. However, it is still unclear whether the municipality's long-term urban development plans will continue to reflect a new municipalist agenda beyond this particular conflict
Dopaminergic stimulation leads B-cell infiltration into the central nervous system upon autoimmunity
No full textFunding Information: This work was supported by “Financiamiento Basal para Centros Científicos y Tecnológicos de Excelencia” (Centro Ciencia & Vida; FB210008) and by the grants FONDECYT-3160383 (to C.P.) and FONDECYT-1210013 (to R.P.) from “Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID)”. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Background: Recent evidence has shown dopamine as a major regulator of inflammation. Accordingly, dopaminergic regulation of immune cells plays an important role in the physiopathology of inflammatory disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease involving a CD4+ T-cell-driven autoimmune response to central nervous system (CNS) derived antigens. Evidence from animal models has suggested that B cells play a fundamental role as antigen-presenting cells (APC) re-stimulating CD4+ T cells in the CNS as well as regulating T-cell response by mean of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we addressed the role of the dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3), which displays the highest affinity for dopamine, in B cells in animal models of MS. Methods: Mice harbouring Drd3-deficient or Drd3-sufficient B cells were generated by bone marrow transplantation into recipient mice devoid of B cells. In these mice, we compared the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by immunization with a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-derived peptide (pMOG), a model that leads to CNS-autoimmunity irrespective of the APC-function of B cells, or by immunization with full-length human MOG protein (huMOG), a model in which antigen-specific activated B cells display a fundamental APC-function in the CNS. APC-function was assessed in vitro by pulsing B cells with huMOG-coated beads and then co-culturing with MOG-specific T cells. Results: Our data show that the selective Drd3 deficiency in B cells abolishes the disease development in the huMOG-induced EAE model. Mechanistic analysis indicates that although DRD3-signalling did not affect the APC-function of B cells, DRD3 favours the CNS-tropism in a subset of pro-inflammatory B cells in the huMOG-induced EAE model, an effect that was associated with higher CXCR3 expression. Conversely, the results show that the selective Drd3 deficiency in B cells exacerbates the disease severity in the pMOG-induced EAE model. Further analysis shows that DRD3-stimulation increased the expression of the CNS-homing molecule CD49d in a B-cell subset with anti-inflammatory features, thus attenuating EAE manifestation in the pMOG-induced EAE model. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that DRD3 in B cells exerts a dual role in CNS-autoimmunity, favouring CNS-tropism of pro-inflammatory B cells with APC-function and promoting CNS-homing of B cells with anti-inflammatory features. Thus, these results show DRD3-signalling in B cells as a critical regulator of CNS-autoimmunity
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