4,942 research outputs found
Viral manipulation of the host epigenome for oncogenic transformation
No full textThe cancerous cellular state is associated with multiple epigenetic alterations but elucidating the precise order of such alterations during tumorigenic progression and their contributions to the transformed phenotype remains a significant challenge in cancer biology Here we discuss recent findings on how viral oncoproteins exploit specific epigenetic processes to coerce normal cells to replicate when they should remain quiescent-a hallmark of cancer These findings may highlight roles of epigenetic processes in normal biology and shed light on epigenetic events occurring along the path of non-viral neoplastic transformatio
Supplemental material for A spatial regression model for the disaggregation of areal unit based data to high-resolution grids with application to vaccination coverage mapping
No full textSupplemental material for A spatial regression model for the disaggregation of areal unit based data to high-resolution grids with application to vaccination coverage mapping by CE Utazi, J Thorley, VA Alegana, MJ Ferrari, K Nilsen, S Takahashi, CJE Metcalf, J Lessler and AJ Tatem in Statistical Methods in Medical Research</p
On the AJ Conjecture for Knots
No full textWe confirm the AJ conjecture [Ga2] that relates the A-polynomial and the colored Jones polynomial for hyperbolic knots satisfying certain conditions. In particular, we show that the conjecture holds true for some classes of two-bridge knots and pretzel knots. This extends the result of the first author in [Le2], who established the AJ conjecture for a large class of two-bridge knots, including all twist knots. Along the way, we explicitly calculate the universal SL₂(C)-character ring of the knot group of the (−2, 3, 2n + 1)-pretzel knot, and show it is reduced for all integers n
Proteum/AJ: a mutation system for AspectJ programs
No full textAspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) has introduced a complementary set of mechanisms which enhance the modularisation of crosscutting concerns. However, such mechanisms represent new potential sources of faults that may be systematically tackled with mutation testing. In this demonstration we present a tool, named Proteum/AJ, which automates the mutation testing of AspectJ programs. Proteum/AJ supports the main steps of this testing approach and realises a set of requirements for mutation-based testing tools like mutant handling, test case handling and mutant analysis. Our experience in using the tool provided us with evidence on the feasibility of performing mutation testing of AO programs. In this demonstration we are going to share some of this experience with the audience
Discovery of a single faint AGN in a large sample of z > 5 Lyman break galaxies
No full textAs part of a large spectroscopic survey of z > 5 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs), we have identified a single source which is clearly hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Out of a sample of more than 50 spectroscopically confirmed R-band dropout galaxies at z∼ 5 and above, only J104048.6−115550.2 at z= 5.44 shows evidence for a high ionization potential emission line indicating the presence of a hard ionizing continuum from an AGN. Like most objects in our sample the rest-frame-UV spectrum shows the UV continuum breaking across a Lyα line. Uniquely within this sample of LBGs, emission from N V is also detected, a clear signature of AGN photoionization. The object is spatially resolved in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging. This, and the comparatively high Lyα/N V flux ratio indicates that the majority of the Lyα (and the UV continuum longward of it) originates from stellar photoionization, a product of the ongoing starburst in the LBG. Even without the AGN emission, this object would have been photometrically selected and spectroscopically confirmed as a Lyman break in our survey. The measured optical flux (IAB= 26.1) is therefore an upper limit to that from the AGN and is of order 100 times fainter than the majority of known quasars at these redshifts. The detection of a single object in our survey volume is consistent with the best current models of high redshift AGN luminosity function, providing a substantial fraction of such AGN is found within luminous starbursting galaxies. We discuss the cosmological implications of this discovery
Parental influences on youths' career construction
No full textIncreasingly, scholars are urging that there should be a careful examination of the role of social relations, especially those between parents and children, on the professional development of youth. In this chapter, we first present the recent models and theoretical approaches (e.g., contextual action theory, social cognitive model, and the life design approach) that recognize the need to carefully consider the role that parents play in their children’s career development. Next, the parental support role in their children’s professional development is explored, in relation to socioeconomic circumstances. Poverty, unemployment, precariousness, and underemployment are becoming characteristic of the context even in the richest countries; thus today’s parents find themselves playing their support role in their children’s professional development within much more complex societies. Some parents, especially those with low socioeconomic status (SES), are pessimistic in their overall perception of the economy, and, despite being concerned about their children’s future, may find it hard to plan for it; thus, they do not encourage their children and do not start interactions centered on the future with them.
Adolescent career development is affected by two interdependent contextual family factors: (a) structural family variables and (b) process family variables (e.g., parents’ aspirations, parental support, family interactions). As regards structural variables, we examined socioeconomic background and social class. In research across multiple cultures, youth from families of low SES and social class have been found to have more limited opportunities for career development and more difficulties in accessing educational and social opportunities. Social class is a more difficult structural variable to define than SES. It is characterized as a cultural, psychological, and subjective factor internalized by the individual which goes beyond income, upbringing, and education, and shapes the construction of the self.
As regards contextual process family variables, we focused on parental support and family interactions. Across ethnic groups (e.g., African-Americans, Italian, North Americans, French), adolescents who report greater support and more positive interactions with their parents are more engaged in designing their school–career future. Specifically, greater parental support and positive relationships between parents and children are associated with more career decision-making, vocational exploration, career self-efficacy beliefs, career adaptability, less irrational career beliefs, and a greater propensity to optimism and hope in youth. In addition, it is in the family that children begin to give meaning to the world of work and construct their idea of education and work and of their career lives.
Lastly, in relation to the relevance of relationships between parents and their children for the latter’s career development, in this chapter we discuss how to help parents to support the realization of their children’s professional projects. Parents are a key source for enabling youth to achieve preventive goals related to career education. Specifically, we provide two examples of parent training programs that are aimed at promoting parental skills in supporting their children’s career construction
Epigenetic reprogramming by adenovirus e1a
No full textAdenovirus e1a induces quiescent human cells to replicate We found that e1a causes global relocalization of the RB ( retinoblastoma) proteins ( RB p130 and p107) and p300/ CBP histone acetyltransferases on promoters the effect of which is to restrict the acetylation of histone 3 lysine- 18 ( H3K18ac) to a limited set of genes thereby stimulating cell cycling and inhibiting antiviral responses and cellular differentiation Soon after expression e1a binds transiently to promoters of cell cycle and growth genes causing enrichment of p300/ CBP PCAF ( p300/ CBP- associated factor) and H3K18ac; depletion of RB proteins; and transcriptional activation e1a also associates transiently with promoters of antiviral genes causing enrichment for RB p130 and H4K16ac; increased nucleosome density; and transcriptional repression At later times e1a and p107 bind mainly to promoters of development and differentiation genes repressing transcription The temporal order of e1a binding requires its interactions with p300/ CBP and RB proteins Our data uncover a defined epigenetic reprogramming leading to cellular transformatio
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