102,588 research outputs found

    Multa et varia. Studi offerti a Maria marcella Ferraccioli e Gianfranco Giraudo

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    Studi di slavistica, iranistica, storia di Venezia, storia della Romania dedicati ai proff. G. Giraudo e M. M. Ferraccioli

    [Class IV-G and IV-S lupus nephritis, interstitial infiltrates and prognosis: state of the art and unmet medical needs]

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    Nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus is one of the manifestations of organ damage in this autoimmune disease. Class IV is the most ominous among the classes of nephritides and there are conflicting reports on whether class IV-G lupus nephritis differs from class IV-S as defined by the International Society of Nephrology and the Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) in terms of kidney and patient survival. There is, however, general agreement that 15-30% of patients with class IV nephritis do not reach remission and that a similar percentage (15-30%) of those reaching remission relapses. The presence of interstitial nephritis may be one of the determinants of a poor disease course. In fact, in recent years new data have emerged regarding the role of interstitial infiltrates in determining a poor outcome, but until now no data have been gathered on the differentiation of outcomes among class IV-G or IV-S with and without infiltrates

    A modal approach for clustering matrices

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    In this work we propose a modal approach to density-based clustering for matrix-valued data. We introduce appropriate kernels for this type of data and define a kernel estimator of matrix-variate density functions. Additionally, we propose an extension of the mean-shift procedure for the identification of the modes of the estimated density. Given the intrinsic high dimensionality of matrix-variate data and the resulting computational complexity of the algorithm, we discuss a possible solution to handle the problem. We finally present the performance of the proposed method through an application to real world data, also with respect to a plausible competitor

    Renal interstitial cells, proteinuria and progression of lupus nephritis: new frontiers for old factors.

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    Interstitial cells, inflammatory-immune cells, tubular cells and endothelial cells of the peritubular capillaries have arisen as possible major players of the nephron damage in lupus nephritis. Increased ICAM-1, Von Willebrand factor, soluble endothelial protein C receptors and decreased ADAMS-13 point to a diffuse vascular damage. Albuminuria elicits a rapid generation of hydrogen peroxide in proximal tubular cells along with nuclear factor-kB activation, endothelin-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1) upregulation. TGF-beta1 enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation. Albuminuria also enhances the expression of macrophage chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, thus leading to increased interstitial inflammation. TGF-beta1 and thrombospondin-1, a putative activator of TGF-beta, induce apoptosis of peritubular capillaries, as well as of glomerular endothelial cells. All these events can be counteracted by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is expressed by the epithelial tubular cells and stimulates the growth of epithelial cells (mitogen), enhances the motility of epithelial cells (motogen), induces renal epithelial tubule regeneration (morphogen) and enhances angiogenesis (angiogen). The balance between TGF-beta1 and HGF could be a key to define the prognostic value of kidney histopathology at baseline and during follow-up, in lupus nephritis. Therapeutic strategies aiming at altering the biological balance in the patients are at hand to test and prove the experimental evidences
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