131,077 research outputs found
The evolution of Eocene planktonic foraminifera Dentoglobigerina
No full textDentoglobigerina is a diverse genus of planktonic foraminifera ranging from the Eocene to Recent. However, the ancestry of Dentoglobigerina has been controversial. A growing body of evidence indicates that the genus Dentoglobigerina was spinose in life and evolved from Eocene Subbotina, whilst others have suggested its origins stem from Acarinina. Here we explore whether Subbotina or Acarinina is the ancestor of Dentoglobigerina by examining 35 specimens, evaluating their morphology and their occurrences through the middle to late Eocene, from localities worldwide. We find that Dentoglobigerina evolved ∼4 million years earlier than previously documented, with the species Dentoglobigerina pseudovenezuelana and ‘Dentoglobigerina’ eotripartita recorded in middle Eocene, Zone E9. Morphological convergences between Dentoglobigerina and Subbotina were found with D. galavisi and D. pseudovenezuelana, and between Dentoglobigerina and Acarinina with ‘D.’ eotripartita. Spine holes were observed in D. galavisi and D. pseudovenezuelana, though not uniformly found in all forms. Our findings suggest that there are two distinct lineages: (1) Dentoglobigerina, encompassing the species D. pseudovenezuelana and D. galavisi as a descendant of Subbotina; and (2) ‘Dentoglobigerina’ (including ‘D.’ eotripartita) as a descendant of Acarinina. Our results contribute to a better understanding of Dentoglobigerina biostratigraphy, phylogeny and evolution, and have implications for taxonomy
Paganini et Bériot par F. Fayolle (9 juin 1831)
No full textTranscript of PAGANINI ET BÉRIOT PAR F. FAYOLLE attributed to Joseph d'Ortigue, appearing in COURRIER DE L'EUROPE, 9 juin 1831, pp. 1-2
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
The assessment of transversal competences in entrepreneurship education
No full textThe chapter presents a comprehensive review of: (1) the definition of key competences; (2) the definition and foundations of transversal competences – with particular regard to entrepreneurship; (3) the traditional models and paradigms in the evaluation of education and new directions for assessment; and (4) the theoretical and empirical models for the
assessment of transversal competences
Towards cooperation between European start ups: The position of the French, Dutch, and German entrepreneurial and innovative engineer
No full textcooperation, European, culture, French, Dutch, German
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
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