20 research outputs found
Muslim Organizations in Canada: A Composite Picture of Service and Diversity
No full textAs Canada’s Muslim population has grown since the late 19th century, Muslim organizations have been established and developed to respond to the needs of an increasingly diverse population. Muslim organizations are active in numerous spheres of Canadian society, including but not limited to social services, education, religious practice, politics, and mental and physical wellbeing. While existing literature tends to examine Muslim organizations by type of organization, sphere of operations, or a particular phenomenon, this study presents a composite image of Muslim organizations in Canada as a whole, identifying patterns in how Muslim organizations are established and develop over time, in terms of the scope and focus of their activities. The multi-methods study draws on organizational documents and communications, a survey, and qualitative interviews across Canada. A central finding of the study is that Muslim organizations emerge in response to unmet, specific needs within Muslim communities and that these needs are not limited to the realm of religious practice. Muslim organizations are increasingly engaged in what secular society considers “non-religious” areas of life, reflecting a holistic understanding of religious life and Islam as a comprehensive way of life that does not compartmentalise a secular public life from a private religious one
Air quality in rooms conditioned by chilled ceiling and mixed displacement ventilation for energy saving
No full textA transient-contaminant-transport model is developed for assessing IAQ in the breathing zone when introducing return air into rooms conditioned by CC-DV system to save energy. The steady state transport model of [1] is extended to transient conditions while accounting for significant wall plumes associated with external loads. Experiments are performed to validate the extended model predictions of IAQ expressed in the level of CO2 concentration. Experiments are conducted in a chamber with two external walls in Kuwait Climate. Measurements are recorded in time of the air temperature and CO 2 concentration at selected locations in the room and compared with values predicted by the model. Experimental results agreed well with model predictions. The maximum errors in predicted CO2 concentrations are less thanandplusmn;25ppm in presence of external load. 60percent fresh air fraction resulted in 37percent less energy consumption compared with 100percent fresh air CC-DV system. The validated model is applied to a case study in Kuwait to evaluate energy saving over the cooling season for a typical office space while using mixed DV air. Energy savings of up to 20.6percent can be realized using mixed supply air while maintaining IAQ compared with energy used for the 100percent fresh air. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, 2005, ASHRAE HDB FUND; ASHRAE, 2007, 621 ASHRAE ANSI; Ayoub M, 2006, HVACandR RES, V12, P1005, DOI 10.1080-10789669.2006.10391448; Bahman A., 2008, ASHRAE T, V115, P587; Braun J.E., 1989, ASHRAE T, V95, P164; *CARR, 2006, CARR HOURL AN PROGR; Gebhart B., 1988, BUOYANCY INDUCED FLO; GHADDAR N, 2008, ASHRAE T, V115, P574; Ghaddar N, 2010, INT J ENERG RES, V34, P1328, DOI 10.1002-er.1677; Ghali K, 2007, INT J ENERG RES, V31, P743, DOI 10.1002-er.1266; JIANG Z, 1992, ASHRAE TRAN, V98, P33; Kanaan M, 2010, HVACandR RES, V16, P765, DOI 10.1080-10789669.2010.10390933; Keblawi A, 2009, ENERG BUILDINGS, V41, P1155, DOI 10.1016-j.enbuild.2009.05.009; Keblawi A, 2011, ENERG BUILDINGS, V43, P1359, DOI 10.1016-j.enbuild.2011.01.021; KOFOED P, 1991, THESIS AALBORG U, P168; Mesheshwari G.P., 2005, P 3 INT C EN RES DEV, P115; MOSSOLLY M, 2008, ASHRAE T, V115, P541; MUNDT E, 1996, THESIS KTH BYGGFORSK; Nielsen PV, 2007, HVACandR RES, V13, P987, DOI 10.1080-10789669.2007.10391466; Rouse H., 1952, TELLUS, V4, P201, DOI 10.1111-j.2153-3490.1952.tb01005.x; *STAT KUW, 1982, THERM BUILD COD; SUZUKI T, 2007, 6 INT C IND AIR QUAL; Xu M, 2001, INDOOR AIR, V11, P111, DOI 10.1034-j.1600-0668.2001.110205.x; YAMANAKA T, 2002, P ROOMVENT 2002 COP; YAMANAKA T, 2007, ROOMVENT 2007 HELS F; Yuill DP, 2008, HVACandR RES, V14, P345, DOI 10.1080-10789669.2008.1039101355
Physico-chemical and microbiological study of the North Lake basin, Tunis Lake.
No full textA one year study (Oct 1965 to Sept 1966) was conducted on physico-chemical aspects and microbiological factors (total heterotrophic flora and sulfate-reducting flora) of the North Lake basin, Tunid Lake. A close relationship between the relative rates of weather conditions and physicochemical factors is shown to influence the production of reducing bacterial blooms and putrefaction within the lake. Bacterial blooms are additionally influenced by the quality and amount of organic matter. The author has emphasized the interrelated factors of weather nutrient factors and hydrology as the trilogy in the production of H Sub(2)S-producting blooms of bacteria. Production of hydrogen sulfide marks the point where 'red tide' is noticed, followed by mass microorganisms in the lake.
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Canadian Muslim Voting Guide: Federal Election 2019
No full textThis guide assigns a grade to each federal political party Leader\u27s response to identified key issues of importance to the interests of Canadian Muslims and the wider geopolitical concerns that affect Muslims globally. The criteria used to determine these grades has been based on whether a party leader\u27s particular political standpoints and/or policy initiatives are positive or detrimental to the interests of Canadian Muslims and the wider geopolitical concerns that affect Muslims globally
PATENT INFORMATION FOR DEVELOPMENT: IMPROVED DISCLOSURE AND ACCESS TO PROMOTE INCREMENTAL INNOVATION
No full textPhDThis work has been inspired by my professional experience at the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in the capacity of senior public services counsellor. While the Tunisian government is allocating more than 1% of its gross domestic product to fund R&D programmes, patent indicators show that 80 million patent documents are available worldwide; approximately 70 million of which, are in the public domain. Technologies within these documents can be freely accessed and legally utilised without the authorisation of the patentee. This work aims to explore, in theory and in law, various means of exploiting technologies in the public domain for cumulative research and incremental innovation. Its central hypothesis is that while article 29 of the TRIPS Agreement obliges the patentee to make a clear and complete disclosure, in practice, developing countries lack the capacity to access, retrieve and exploit such information for economic development. Because the disclosure requirement might not be necessarily adequate to ensure disclosure of quality patent information, exploitation of such information is less than optimal in developing countries. Therefore, the author further argues that a right of access to patent information should be made explicit in law rather than implicit. Furthermore, it is argued that improving the quality of patent information, in itself, might not suffice to enhance its exploitation. Because the availability of patent information does not always mean that it is accessible and easily retrievable, the work analyses impediments to patent information accessibility, and scrutinises methods of transferring technologies by means of adaptation and imitation. Ultimately, based on the WIPO development agenda, the work shows that various challenges have to be met by developing countries to enhance their capacity building to utilise patent information for development.Herchel Smith Fund
Scholarship from the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition Law in Munich, Germany
The role of NF-κB in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 in intestinal epithelial cells
No full textIn inflammatory bowel disease, cells that infiltrate the mucosa regulate intestinal epithelial cell function partly through release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, on normal mouse intestinal epithelial cells (Mode-K) in the absence or presence of IL-1. Western blotting assays and immunocytochemistry were used to identify the presence of IL-1 and IL-10 receptors on Mode-K cells; and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to study the activation of NF-κB transcription factor. Stimulation of Mode-K cells with IL-1 or IL-10 did not modify IL-1 and IL-10 receptor expression levels. IL-1 induced the synthesis of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) through the activation and translocation of p65 subunit of NF-κB. Inhibition of translocated p65 binding to DNA, inhibited COX-2 production and induced apoptosis. IL-10 inhibited IL-1-induced effects on IKB-α and IKB-β proteins through stabilizing these proteins; subsequently causing inhibition of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and any subsequent induction of COX-2. These data support a role for IL-10 in the regulation of IEC function under inflammatory conditions and the involvement of COX-2 in inhibiting apoptosis in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Amir M, 2005, PHARMAZIE, V60, P563; APPLEBY SB, 1994, BIOCHEM J, V302, P723; AURON PE, 1984, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V81, P7907, DOI 10.1073-pnas.81.24.7907; Beg AA, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P782, DOI 10.1126-science.274.5288.782; CHARALAMBOUS MP, 2003, BR J CAN, V88, P1593; COLOTTA F, 1993, SCIENCE, V261, P472, DOI 10.1126-science.8332913; Denning TL, 2000, INT IMMUNOL, V12, P133, DOI 10.1093-intimm-12.2.133; de Plaen IG, 2002, IMMUNOLOGY, V106, P577, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2567.2002.01453.x; Dinarello CA, 1996, BLOOD, V87, P2095; Gentil B, 2003, MOL CELL BIOCHEM, V254, P203, DOI 10.1023-A:1027359832177; Homaidan FR, 1997, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V272, pG1338; Homaidan FR, 2002, MEDIAT INFLAMM, V11, P39, DOI 10.1080-09629350120117284; Homaidan FR, 1999, MEDIAT INFLAMM, V8, P189; Homaidan FR, 2001, INFLAMM RES, V50, P375, DOI 10.1007-PL00000259; HOMAIDAN FR, 1995, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V268, pG270; Homaidan FR, 2003, MEDIAT INFLAMM, V12, P277, DOI 10.1080-09629350310001619681; HOMAIDAN FR, 1995, MEDIAT INFLAMM, V4, P61, DOI 10.1155-S0962935195000111; HOWARD M, 1993, J EXP MED, V177, P1205, DOI 10.1084-jem.177.4.1205; Huang WC, 2003, J IMMUNOL, V170, P4767; Inan MS, 2000, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V279, pG1282; Kaltschmidt B, 2002, BMC MOL BIOL, V3, DOI 10.1186-1471-2199-3-16; Karin M, 1999, ONCOGENE, V18, P6867, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1203219; Kedinger M, 1998, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V859, P1, DOI 10.1111-j.1749-6632.1998.tb11107.x; Kelly A, 2001, J BIOL CHEM, V276, P45564, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M108757200; Kim SH, 2004, CANCER LETT, V203, P191, DOI 10.1016-j.canlet.2003.08.037; Lawrence T, 2001, NAT MED, V7, P1291, DOI 10.1038-nm1201-1291; Ledeboer A, 2002, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V282, pR1762, DOI 10.1152-ajpregu.00766.2001; Liu WV, 2003, CANCER RES, V63, P3632; Maaser C, 2001, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V124, P208, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2249.2001.01541.x; Madsen KL, 1996, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V111, P936, DOI 10.1016-S0016-5085(96)70061-6; Madsen KL, 1997, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V113, P151, DOI 10.1016-S0016-5085(97)70090-8; MAYER L, 1990, J CLIN INVEST, V86, P1255, DOI 10.1172-JCI114832; Panja A, 1998, J IMMUNOL, V161, P3675; Pousset F, 1999, GLIA, V26, P12, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1098-1136(199903)26:112::AID-GLIA23.0.CO;2-S; Rennick DM, 2000, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V278, pG829; Schottelius AJG, 1999, J BIOL CHEM, V274, P31868, DOI 10.1074-jbc.274.45.31868; SCHREIBER S, 1992, GASTROENTEROL CLIN N, V21, P451; Sugiki H, 2000, BRIT J DERMATOL, V143, P1154, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2133.2000.03882.x; Takai N, 2005, ONCOL REP, V14, P1287; TAZAWA R, 1994, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V203, P190, DOI 10.1006-bbrc.1994.2167; TSUJII M, 1995, CELL, V83, P493, DOI 10.1016-0092-8674(95)90127-2; WEBERNORDT RM, 1994, J IMMUNOL, V153, P3734; Wu M, 1996, EMBO J, V15, P4682; Yu LCH, 2000, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V915, P24718191
En quête d’autres milieux. La permaculture au prisme de la mésologie en Suisse et au Japon
No full textLa multiplicité des définitions de la permaculture qui existent aujourd’hui complexifie sa délimitation, mais elle est aussi le signe du dynamisme des communautés qui s’en prévalent, la diffusent et la concrétisent, et ce faisant, l’adaptent et en renégocient le sens. Depuis sa conceptualisation en Tasmanie dans les années septante par Bill Mollison et David Holmgren, le concept de la permaculture s’est exporté et a inévitablement évolué. Que signifie la permaculture aujourd’hui ? Comment circule-t-elle ? Comment son sens est-il disputé, fragilisé, stabilisé ?
Cette thèse propose de suivre la permaculture en Suisse et au Japon et de raconter, à travers une série de récits, ce qu’elle y motive comme expérimentations, négociations et bifurcations. Ces pays offrent un contraste intéressant, car, bien qu’ayant des relations différentes aux non-humains et d’évidentes spécificités territoriales et pédo-climatiques, ils sont tous deux confrontés aux limites écologiques et humaines de leur système agricole industrialisé et à la nécessité de la transformer à l’aune de ces limites. Un des objectifs était de mettre en lumière les diverses réponses et stratégies proposées par les permaculteurs et permacultrices face à cette situation.
Afin d’analyser les dynamiques par lesquelles la permaculture se concrétise de manière relationnelle et contextuelle, selon des trajectoires de vie, des lieux et des territoires, j’ai fait le choix de l’étudier au prisme de la mésologie. La mésologie, ou « étude des milieux humains », est une perspective développée par le géographe Augustin Berque, qui ambitionne de dépasser les dualismes du paradigme moderne grâce à des concepts radicalement relationnels : milieu, trajectivité, médiance. Elle offre ainsi des outils conceptuels et critiques à même de décrire les fluctuations du sens de la permaculture en fonction des milieux.
Tant la permaculture que la mésologie peut être lue comme une quête d’autres milieux – autres que ceux du grand récit du progrès, du capitalisme et de la modernisation écologique, et autres que ceux qui se dessinent à travers l’esthétique d’effondrement brutal qu’évoque l’Anthropocène. Qu’est-ce que ces quêtes engagent comme vision du sujet et expérience de soi ? Afin de faire ressortir leurs implications existentielles, expérientielles et politiques, je propose le concept de « soi mésologique », que j’ai construit en m’inspirant de trois figures que sont, le « militantisme existentiel » de l’économiste hétérodoxe Christian Arnsperger, le
« soi écologique » du philosophe Arne Næss et le « militantisme spirituel » de l’autrice féministe queer décoloniale Gloria Anzaldúa.
L’objectif de cette thèse est triple : 1) explorer et conceptualiser une disposition de soi qui arrive à tenir la tension entre reconnexion au milieu et déconnexion au système, en d’autres termes, qui fasse preuve de d’acceptation critique et incarnée ; 2) mettre en évidence ce qui, dans la permaculture, s’apparente à cette disposition de soi, et en quoi cette dernière est motrice d’une transformation des milieux ; 3) mettre en lumière les paysages et frictions que la permaculture fait émerger à travers ces transformations.
L’approche méthodologique est ce que Yoann Moreau appelle mésographie – une approche ethnographique des milieux, inspirée de la mésologique – dans le double contexte suisse et japonais. Elle consiste en des enquêtes de terrain basées sur de l’observation participante dans une trentaine de lieux et au sein de diverses associations et sur cinquante entretiens semi-directifs avec des pionniers, porteurs de projets et membres actifs.
Les apports principaux de cette recherche sont, 1) de raconter concrètement la permaculture par des
« récits de milieux » qui permettent de saisir conjointement des trajectoires de vie et des trajectoires de lieu ;
2) de donner à voir, à travers des « récits de frictions paysagères », les opportunités de, et les obstacles au changement que chaque territoire apporte ; 3) de situer le « soi mésologique » à l’interface entre la critique existentielle du système dominant et une attention et un prendre-soin renouvelé aux vivants.
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The multiple understandings of permaculture that currently exist complicate its definition and delimitation, but are also a sign of the dynamism of the communities that use it, disseminate it and put it into practice, and in so doing, adapt and renegotiate its meaning. After being coined in Tasmania in the 1970s by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, the concept of permaculture has been progressively exported worldwide and has inevitably evolved. What does permaculture mean today? How does it circulate? How is its meaning put to work, disputed, weakened or stabilized?
This thesis proposes to “track” permaculture in the double context of Switzerland and Japan, through a series of stories, narrates what changes, negotiations and experimentation it is driving. These countries offer an interesting contrast, because they have different relations with non-humans, along with territorial and pedo-climatic specificities, but are both facing the ecological and human limits of their industrialized agricultural system and the need to transform it in this light. Hence, one of the purposes of this research was to explore permaculturists’ various strategies and responses to this situation.
To analyze the dynamics that lead to the emergence of permaculture contextually, as an intertwining of life trajectories, places and territories, I chose to study it through the prism of mesology. Mesology, or the 'study of human milieux', is a perspective developed by the geographer Augustin Berque, which aims to go beyond the dualisms of the modern paradigm by using radically relational concepts: milieu, trajectivity, mediance. It thus offers conceptual and critical tools to describe how permaculture’s meanings vary depending on the milieu.
Permaculture and mesology are both devoted to the quest for other milieux – other than those shaped by the grand narrative of progress, capitalism and ecological modernization, and other than those portrayed through the aesthetics of disruptive collapse of the Anthropocene. What do these quests entail for the subject’s identity and how do they engage other experiences of self? In order to bring out their existential, experiential and political implications, I propose the concept of the “mesological self”, drawing on three figures: the “existential activism” of the heterodox economist Christian Arnsperger, the “ecological self” of the philosopher Arne Næss and the “spiritual activism” of the decolonial queer feminist author Gloria Anzaldúa.
The aim of this thesis is threefold: 1) to conceptualize a disposition of self that manages to hold the tension between reconnection to the milieu and disconnection from the system, in other words, one that demonstrates embodied critical acceptance; 2) to identify what, in permaculture, resonates with this disposition of self, and how the latter is the driving force behind a transformation of milieux; 3) to explore the landscapes and frictions that permaculture creates through these transformations.
The methodological approach is what Yoann Moreau calls mesography – an ethnographic approach of milieux imbued with mesology – in Switzerland and Japan. It consists of a fieldwork-based study combining participant observation on thirty sites, active participation within various groups and associations, and fifty semi-directive interviews with pioneers, project leaders and active members.
The main contributions of this research are: 1) to narrate permaculture in a new way, through “stories of milieu” that make it possible to jointly capture life and place trajectories; 2) to narrate through “stories of landscaping frictions”, the opportunities and obstacles to change that each territory brings; 3) to position the “mesological self” in the interplay between existential criticism of the dominant system and renewed attention and care for the living
Stage-Specific Effect of N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Retinamide on Cell Growth in Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis
No full textSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most prevalent form of epithelial cancer. SCC results when normal epithelial cells undergo multiple neoplastic changes that culminate in the evolution of an invasive cancer. Retinoids are commonly used as chemopreventive and treatment agents in skin cancer; however, SCC progression is accompanied by a gradual loss of retinoid responsiveness. The synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR) has shown promising anti-neoplastic activity in a variety of tumor cells, including those that are resistant to all-trans retinoic acid (t-RA). We investigated the effect of HPR on growth and apoptosis of squamous cells at different stages of carcinogenesis. We then determined if retinoic acid receptor (RAR) overexpression affected the outcome of HPR treatment. To model SCC malignant progression, we used a panel of murine keratinocytes representing different stages of squamous cell carcinogenesis. This panel consisted of primary keratinocytes, SP1 and 308 papilloma cell lines, the PAM-212 squamous carcinoma cell line, and the spindle 17 cell line. With the exception of the primary keratinocytes, all cells were unresponsive to t-RA treatment. Pharmacological concentrations of HPR were non-cytotoxic to all keratinocytes tested and HPR sensitivity was stage-dependent, with the papilloma cell lines being the most sensitive, and the spindle cells being the most resistant. Overexpression of RARγ in SP1 papilloma cells enhanced growth suppression and apoptosis induction by HPR. HPR-induced growth suppression was accompanied by a simultaneous block in the G1 phase of the cell cycle in RAR-transduced and control SP1 cells and differential regulation of cell cycle and apoptotic mediators. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.ASUMENDI A, 2002, BRIT J CANCER, V12, P1951; BOISE LH, 1993, CELL, V74, P597, DOI 10.1016-0092-8674(93)90508-N; Bruno S, 2002, CARCINOGENESIS, V23, P447, DOI 10.1093-carcin-23.3.447; Chambon P, 1996, FASEB J, V10, P940; Chan LNL, 1997, LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMA, V25, P271; Clifford JL, 1999, CANCER RES, V59, P14; COSTA A, 1994, CANCER RES, V54, pS2032; D'Ambrosio SM, 2000, ANTICANCER RES, V20, P2273; DARWICHE N, 1995, CANCER RES, V55, P2774; DELIA D, 1993, CANCER RES, V53, P6036; Denning MF, 1998, J BIOL CHEM, V273, P29995, DOI 10.1074-jbc.273.45.29995; deThe H, 1996, FASEB J, V10, P955; Di Cunto F, 1998, SCIENCE, V280, P1069, DOI 10.1126-science.280.5366.1069; DiPietrantonio AM, 2000, CANCER RES, V60, P4331; DiPietrantonio AM, 1998, INT J CANCER, V78, P53, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1097-0215(19980925)78:153::AID-IJC103.0.CO;2-6; Faderl S, 2003, LEUKEMIA RES, V27, P259, DOI 10.1016-S0145-2126(02)00162-5; Fanjul AN, 1996, J BIOL CHEM, V271, P22441; Fisher GJ, 1996, NATURE, V379, P335, DOI 10.1038-379335a0; FISHER GJ, 1994, J BIOL CHEM, V269, P20629; Follen M, 2001, CLIN CANCER RES, V7, P3356; FORMELLI F, 1993, J CLIN ONCOL, V11, P2036; Formelli F, 1996, FASEB J, V10, P1014; FORMELLI F, 2000, VITAMIN A RETINOIDS, P241; GANDER RJ, 1978, CHEM ABSTR 89892, V88; Goyette P, 2000, J BIOL CHEM, V275, P16497, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M909382199; GREENHALGH DA, 1990, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V87, P643, DOI 10.1073-pnas.87.2.643; GRIFFITHS CEM, 1994, ARCH DERMATOL RES, V287, P53, DOI 10.1007-BF00370719; Hatoum A, 2001, CARCINOGENESIS, V22, P1955, DOI 10.1093-carcin-22.12.1955; HENNINGS H, 1980, CELL, V19, P245, DOI 10.1016-0092-8674(80)90406-7; HONG WK, 1990, NEW ENGL J MED, V323, P795, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199009203231205; Langenfeld J, 1997, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V94, P12070, DOI 10.1073-pnas.94.22.12070; LEVINE N, 1998, J AM ACAD DERMATOL S, V39, P62; LOTAN R, 1995, J NATL CANCER I, V87, P1655, DOI 10.1093-jnci-87.22.1655; Maurer BJ, 1999, J NATL CANCER I, V91, P1138, DOI 10.1093-jnci-91.13.1138; Moon TE, 1997, CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR, V6, P949; ODONNELL PH, 2002, LEUKEMIA, V5, P902; Oridate N, 1997, J NATL CANCER I, V89, P1191, DOI 10.1093-jnci-89.16.1191; Pergolizzi R, 1999, INT J CANCER, V81, P829; PONZONI M, 1995, CANCER RES, V55, P853; SANI BP, 1995, CARCINOGENESIS, V16, P2531, DOI 10.1093-carcin-16.10.2531; Spinella MJ, 1999, J BIOL CHEM, V274, P22013, DOI 10.1074-jbc.274.31.22013; STRICKLAND JE, 1988, CANCER RES, V48, P165; Sun SY, 1999, MOL PHARMACOL, V55, P403; Sun SY, 2000, CANCER RES, V60, P7149; Ulukaya E, 1999, CANCER TREAT REV, V25, P229, DOI 10.1053-ctrv.1999.0127; Veronesi U, 1999, J NATL CANCER I, V91, P1847, DOI 10.1093-jnci-91.21.1847; VOLLBERG TM, 1992, MOL ENDOCRINOL, V6, P667; WEINBERG WC, 1995, ONCOGENE, V10, P2271; Wu JM, 2001, APOPTOSIS, V6, P377, DOI 10.1023-A:1011342220621; Xu XC, 2001, CANCER RES, V61, P4306; YUSPA SH, 1981, NATURE, V293, P72, DOI 10.1038-293072a0; YUSPA SH, 1989, J CELL BIOL, V109, P1207, DOI 10.1083-jcb.109.3.1207; Zou CP, 1998, CLIN CANCER RES, V4, P1345; Zusi FC, 2002, DRUG DISCOV TODAY, V7, P1165, DOI 10.1016-S1359-6446(02)02526-688
Anthropocentrism as the scapegoat of the environmental crisis: a review
No full textAnthropocentrism has been claimed to be the root of the global environmental crisis. Based on a multidisciplinary (e.g. environmental philosophy, animal ethics, anthro - pology, law) and multilingual (English, Spanish, French, German, Japanese) literature review, this article proposes a conceptual analysis of ‘anthropocentrism’ and reconstructs the often implicit argument that links anthropocentrism to the environmental crisis. The variety of usages of the concept of ‘anthropocentrism’ described in this article reveals many underlying disagreements under the apparent unanimity of the calls to reject anthropocentrism, both regarding what exactly is the root of the problem, and the nature of the possible solutions. It highlights the limitations of the argument of anthropocentrism as the scapegoat of the environmental crisis and identifies two main challenges faced by attempts to go beyond anthropocentrism: an epistemological challenge regarding knowledge and the place of sciences, and a metaethical challenge related to values and cultural pluralism. Beyond the issue of an anthropocentric point of view, the core of the problem might be an intertwinement of views and as sumptions that work together to undermine attempts to protect the environment from the greed of some humans, such as the human−nature dichotomy, capitalism, consumerism, industrialism, etc. Finally, this article suggests that making the nuances and the presuppositions that underlie various versions of the anti-anthropocentric rhetoric explicit is necessary to foster constructive dialogue among different anti-anthropocentrism proponents, as well as with their detractors. © The author 2022. Open Access under Creative Commons by Attribution Licence. Use, distribution and reproduction are un - restricted. Authors and original publication must be credited.This article greatly benefitted from constructive comments on previous versions by Unai Pascual, Bosco Lliso, Leila Chakroun, Luis Llored Alix, Romaric Jannel and Daniel Othenin-Girard, as well as by the 2 anonymous reviewers and by the editors of the Journal. This research was hosted by the Basque Center for Climate Change (BC3) and funded by a Swiss Science Foundation Grant No. P2SKP1_194948
VIBRATIONAL RELAXATION IN THE BINARY GASEOUS MIXTURES AND
No full textAuthor Institution: Laboratoire de Spectronomie Moleculaire, Universit\'e de Paris VI, 4, Place Jussieu - Tour 13Vibrational relaxation rates for gaseous mixtures , with or , in which vibrational energy transfer can occur from the level of M to the v = 1 level of , has been measured as a function of the temperature using the laser-induced vibrational fluorescence technique. The relaxation processes which must be considered are: - the V-V transfer process: \begin{eqnarray*} &&M(00^{\circ }1)+ HC (v=0)\begin{array}{c}^{k}M-HC\ell\\ \rightleftharpoons\\ ^{k}HC\ell-M\end{array}M(00^{\circ}0)+ HC\ell(v=1)+ \Delta E=he\Delta\nu\\ &&with\ \Delta\nu=-537\, cm^{-1} for\ CO_{2}, -663\, cm ^{-1}\ for\ N_{2}O \end{eqnarray*} - the V-TR de-excitation processes: \begin{eqnarray*} M(00^{\circ}1)+ HC\ell(or M)\stackrel{k^{HC\ell}_{M}}{(o\vec{r}\; k_{M})}M(mn^{\ell}0)+HC\ell (or \; M)\\ HC\ell(v=1)+ M(or\; HC\ell)\stackrel{k^{M}_{HC\ell}}{(o\vec{r}\; k_{HC\ell})}HC\ell(v=0)+M(or \; HC\ell) \end{eqnarray*} For most of the systems in which near-resonant V-V transfers occur, the V-TR de-excitation rates are negligible compared to the V-V transfer rates. But this is not the case for the M-HC systems considered in this work. The de-excitation rates and are of the same order of magnitude as the V-V transfer rates and respectively. In order to determine separately all these rates, relaxation measurements have been performed by exciting either H to the level or to the v = 1 level, and measuring the relaxation rates versus the molar fraction of the gas excited by laser. The results are discussed and compared with the values of the rates calculated by using a Morse potential as the intermolecular potential, and according to a semi-classical method in which a vibration-rotation exchange is assumed
