8 research outputs found
„Rozmowy prowansalskie” — polscy malarze na południu Francji od 1909 roku do dziś
No full textThe current state of research on the circle of Polish artists in France in the 20th century is quite advanced, mainly thanks to the publications of Ewa Bobrowska, Anna Wierzbicka, Joanna Szczepińska-Tramer from recent years. The Author completes the research with traces left by Polish painters in the South of France. The Polish colony in Provence played a huge role in the development of Polish painting in the 20th century. It is sufficient enough to mention such names as: Moishe Kisling, Szymon Mondszajn, Henryk Hayden, Zygmunt Menkes, Kazimierz Zielenkiewicz, Wacław Zawadowski, Sasza Blonder, Ludwik Klimek, Józef Jarema, Maria Sperling and the group of Józef Pankiewicz’ students—so called The Capists. The article brings a description of that circle, mutual relations among the painters and Polish writers who lived there, and it identifies works of art that came into being in the South of France.The current state of research on the circle of Polish artists in France in the 20th century is quite advanced, mainly thanks to the publications of Ewa Bobrowska, Anna Wierzbicka, Joanna Szczepińska-Tramer from recent years. The Author completes the research with traces left by Polish painters in the South of France. The Polish colony in Provence played a huge role in the development of Polish painting in the 20th century. It is sufficient enough to mention such names as: Moishe Kisling, Szymon Mondszajn, Henryk Hayden, Zygmunt Menkes, Kazimierz Zielenkiewicz, Wacław Zawadowski, Sasza Blonder, Ludwik Klimek, Józef Jarema, Maria Sperling and the group of Józef Pankiewicz’ students—so called The Capists. The article brings a description of that circle, mutual relations among the painters and Polish writers who lived there, and it identifies works of art that came into being in the South of France
Infections sexuellement transmissibles : étude des pratiques préventives des jeunes : étude prospective et transversale menée au centre ville de Besançon à propos de 157 jeunes
No full textIntroduction : The study aimed to describe the practice of young people in preventing sexually transmitted infection (STIs). Methods : It was a prospective, quantitative and transversal study in downtown BESANÇON from April 19 to May 21, 2023 on 157 young volunteers completing an anonymous survey. Results : Only 28,3% of penetrating sexual intercourse and 1,5% of oro-genital intercourse were protected systematically by mechanical protection. Confidence in partner, decrease of pleasure and don’t feel the need were the reasons why young’s people don’t use mechanical protection after having been screened. Around 52,2% of young people had been tested for STIs while reasons for not getting screened included not feeling the need, never thinking about it, and not feeling concerned. Regarding to vaccinations, only 7,5% of men and 48,1% of women were concerned about HPV vaccination and 34,4% of young people were vaccinated against hepatitis B. Women were significantly more likely to undergo screening for all STI except HIV. The average knowledge score was 5,9 out of 10. It was a lack of knowledge about HPV, transmission risks practices, testing times, and mechanical protection for oro-genital intercourses. The study also found a significant relationship between lack of knowledge and engaging in risky STI practices. Conclusion : Young people did not adequately protect themselves against STIs. While they had an average level of knowledge about STIs, there was a lack of information about sexual and emotional life. The study emphasizes the importance of sex education in promoting the use of protection methods. It suggests the need to increase sexual and emotional education in schools and healthcare system.Introduction : L’objectif principal de cette étude était de décrire les pratiques des jeunes pour se prémunir des infections sexuellement transmissibles. Méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective, quantitative et transversale du 19 avril au 21 mai 2023 auprès de 157 jeunes volontaires âgés de 18 à 25 ans au centre-ville de BESANÇON. Un questionnaire anonyme leur était distribué. Résultats : L’utilisation de protections mécaniques était systématique pour seulement 28,3% des rapports sexuels pénétrants et 1,5% des rapports sexuels non pénétrants. La confiance envers le partenaire, la diminution du plaisir et le fait de ne pas en ressentir le besoin étaient les principales raisons de l’absence d’utilisation de protections mécaniques après le fait d’avoir réalisé un dépistage. Ce dernier avait été réalisé par 52,2% de notre population. Pour ceux ne s’étant jamais fait dépister, ils n’en ressentaient pas le besoin, n’y avaient jamais pensé ou ne se sentaient pas concernés. La vaccination contre les HPV concernait 7,5% des hommes et 48,1% des femmes et 34,4% des jeunes étaient vaccinés contre l’hépatite B. Les femmes étaient significativement plus vaccinées que les hommes et se faisaient plus dépister hormis pour le VIH. Le niveau de connaissance était en moyenne de 5,9/10. Le caractère asymptomatique des IST, leurs conséquences et le VIH étaient plutôt bien connus alors qu’on observait des lacunes concernant les HPV, les modes de transmission des IST, les délais de dépistage ainsi que les protections pour les RS oro-génitaux. Il existait un lien significatif entre manque de connaissances et pratiques à risque de transmissions d’IST. Enfin, 43,9% des jeunes avaient bénéficié d’un seul enseignement à la vie sexuelle et affective au cours de leur scolarité. Conclusion : Les jeunes se protégeaient peu des IST. Ils avaient un niveau de connaissances moyen sur les IST et manquaient d’enseignements sur la vie sexuelle et affective. L’éducation sexuelle joue un rôle important dans l’utilisation par les jeunes des moyens de protections. Il est alors nécessaire de renforcer l’éducation à la vie sexuelle et affective en milieu scolaire et par les professionnels de santé
Morphological and biochemical alterations in the jejunum following iodoacetamide-induced colitis in rats
No full textThis study aims to describe the morphological alterations in the small and large intestines as well as the expression of some enterocyte enzymes and carriers in a rat model of iodoacetamide-induced colitis. Biopsies from the large and small intestines were taken at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 days postinduction and studied by light microscopy. The expressions of lactase, sucrase, aminopeptidase, and Glut-5 in the jejunum were studied by immunohistochemistry. Gene expressions of enterocyte lactase and sucrase were determined by RT-PCR using specific oligonucleotides. Microscopic examination of the large intestines revealed manifestations concordant with inflammation. Such alterations peaked at 2 days, were maintained to a lesser extent for 4 days, regressed by 8 days, and healed by 16 days. In the jejunum, the expression of lactase, sucrase, and aminopeptidase decreased 2 days after colitis induction, and recovered 2 days later. Similarly, Glut-5 expression decreased transiently with partial recovery by day 8. Compared with sham, gene expression of jejunal brush border enzymes sucrase and lactase showed a 4-fold increase in lactase and a 9-fold increase in sucrase after 4 days. We conclude that colitis can induce significant functional abnormalities in distant noninflamed small bowel regions. © 2006 NRC.Abreu Maria T, 2002, Curr Gastroenterol Rep, V4, P481, DOI 10.1007-s11894-002-0024-0; ANDERSSO.H, 1971, ACTA MED SCAND, V190, P407; ANDREWS CW, 1992, HUM PATHOL, V23, P774, DOI 10.1016-0046-8177(92)90347-6; ARVANITAKIS C, 1979, DIGESTION, V19, P259; Aube AC, 1999, NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL, V11, P55; BARADA KA, 2004, GUT S6, V53, pA46; Barada KA, 2001, LIFE SCI, V69, P3121, DOI 10.1016-S0024-3205(01)01418-7; BINDER HJ, 1970, J LAB CLIN MED, V76, P915; Brown KA, 2002, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V97, P2603; BROYART JP, 1990, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V1087, P61, DOI 10.1016-0167-4781(90)90121-H; Carty E, 2000, GUT, V46, P487, DOI 10.1136-gut.46.4.487; CHAKRAVA.KR, 1973, AM J DIG DIS, V18, P191, DOI 10.1007-BF01071972; CHALFIN D, 1967, AM J DIG DIS, V53, P890; DANIELSEN EM, 1989, J BIOL CHEM, V264, P13726; Darakhshan F, 1998, BIOCHEM J, V336, P361; Dieleman LA, 1996, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V271, pG130; Duluc I, 1997, J CELL SCI, V110, P1317; FABIA R, 1993, SCAND J GASTROENTERO, V28, P155, DOI 10.3109-00365529309096063; Fries W, 1999, LAB INVEST, V79, P49; HIRATA I, 1986, DIGEST DIS SCI, V31, P593, DOI 10.1007-BF01318690; Jacobson K, 1997, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V112, P156, DOI 10.1016-S0016-5085(97)70230-0; JACOBSON K, 1995, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V109, P718, DOI 10.1016-0016-5085(95)90378-X; JANKEY N, 1969, GUT, V10, P267, DOI 10.1136-gut.10.4.267; JURJUS AR, 2000, J PHARM TOXICOL METH, V50, P81; Karlinger K, 2000, EUR J RADIOL, V35, P154, DOI 10.1016-S0720-048X(00)00238-2; Kishi K, 1999, J NUTR, V129, P953; LEEPER LL, 1990, AM J PHYSIOL, V258, pG52; LEVINE JB, 1995, GASTROENTEROL CLIN N, V24, P633; LIU T, 1992, AM J PHYSIOL, V263, pG538; Miampamba M, 1999, J AUTONOM NERV SYST, V77, P140, DOI 10.1016-S0165-1838(99)00048-X; MORRIS GP, 1989, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V96, P795; Mourad FH, 2006, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V290, pG262, DOI 10.1152-ajpgi.00271.2005; NEWCOMER AD, 1967, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V53, P890; Podolsky DK, 2002, NEW ENGL J MED, V347, P417, DOI 10.1056-NEJMra020831; RAO SSC, 1987, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V93, P934; RAUL F, 1978, ENZYME, V23, P89; Rayhorn Nancy, 2002, Nurse Pract, V27, P13, DOI 10.1097-00006205-200211000-00003; SALEM SN, 1965, BRIT MED J, V1, P827; Sanovic S, 1999, AM J PATHOL, V155, P1051, DOI 10.1016-S0002-9440(10)65207-8; Satoh H, 1997, JPN J PHARMACOL, V73, P299, DOI 10.1254-jjp.73.299; Schaeffer C, 2000, GUT, V47, P192, DOI 10.1136-gut.47.2.192; Schmitz H, 1999, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V116, P301, DOI 10.1016-S0016-5085(99)70126-5; Schwarz NT, 2004, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V126, P159, DOI 10.1053-j.gastro.2003.10.060; SOULE JC, 1984, GASTROEN CLIN BIOL, V8, P800; SYMONS LEA, 1978, J PARASITOL, V64, P958, DOI 10.2307-3279552; SZABO S, 1981, SCIENCE, V214, P200, DOI 10.1126-science.7280691; Tanaka M, 1999, SCAND J GASTROENTERO, V34, P55; Washington K, 2002, AM J SURG PATHOL, V26, P1441, DOI 10.1097-00000478-200211000-00006; Zetzel L, 1942, AM J DIG DIS, V9, P74; Ziambaras T, 1996, J BIOL CHEM, V271, P123768
5-Aza-cytidine is a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 3a and induces apoptosis in HCT-116 colon cancer cells via Gadd45- and p53-dependent mechanisms
No full textMethyltransferase inhibitors commonly used in clinical trials promote tumor cell death, but their detailed cytotoxic action is not yet fully understood. A deeper knowledge about their apotosis-inducing mechanisms and their interaction with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b might allow the design of more effective drugs with lower cytotoxicity. 5-aza-cytidine (5-aza-CR), a potent inhibitor of DNMT1, is known to induce demethylation and reactivation of silenced genes. In this study, we investigated the p53 dependence of apoptotic, cell cycle, and growth inhibitory effects of 5-aza-CR, as well as the influence on the expression level of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b in the colon cancer cell line HCT-116. Exposure to 5-aza-CR induced the up-regulation of genes promoting cell cycle arrest and DNA repair (p21 WAF1 and GADD45) or apoptosis (p53, RIPK2, Bak1, caspase 5, and caspase 6). In parallel, there was a down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein and the G2-M-mediator cyclin B1. Co-incubation with pifithrin-alpha (PFT-α), a selective p53 inhibitor, restored GADD45, Bcl2, cyclin B1, and p21WAF1 expression levels and almost completely reversed the growth inhibitory, cell cycle, and apoptotic effects of 5-aza-CR. 5-aza-CR treatment caused global demethylation and reactivation of p16 INK4 expression. There was a marked decrease in DNMT1 and DNMT3a mRNA expression, with PFT-α reversing these effects. However, 5-aza-CR treatment did not modulate DNMT3b expression. Our data demonstrate that 5-aza-CR action in HCT-116 is mediated by p53 and its downstream effectors p21 WAF1 and GADD45. This is the first report to show a link between p53 and regulation of DNMT1 and de novo methyltransferase DNMT3a.Aoki A, 2001, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V29, P3506, DOI 10.1093-nar-29.17.3506; Bestor TH, 2000, HUM MOL GENET, V9, P2395, DOI 10.1093-hmg-9.16.2395; Bird AP, 1996, CANCER SURV, V28, P87; Butz K, 1998, ONCOGENE, V17, P781, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1201995; CHEN IT, 1995, ONCOGENE, V11, P1931; Christman JK, 2002, ONCOGENE, V21, P5483, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1205699; Chuang LSH, 1997, SCIENCE, V277, P1996, DOI 10.1126-science.277.5334.1996; Fournel M, 1999, J BIOL CHEM, V274, P24250, DOI 10.1074-jbc.274.34.24250; Gali-Muhtasib H, 2004, INT J ONCOL, V25, P857; HAAF T, 1989, CHROMOSOMA, V98, P93, DOI 10.1007-BF00291043; Hansen RS, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P14412, DOI 10.1073-pnas.96.25.14412; JABLONKA E, 1985, CHROMOSOMA, V93, P152, DOI 10.1007-BF00293162; Jin SQ, 2002, ONCOGENE, V21, P8696, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1206034; JUTTERMANN R, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P11797, DOI 10.1073-pnas.91.25.11797; Karpf AR, 2004, MOL PHARMACOL, V65, P18, DOI 10.1124-mol.65.1.18; Karpf AR, 2001, MOL PHARMACOL, V59, P751; KEARSEY JM, 1995, ONCOGENE, V11, P1675; KHO PS, 2004, J BIOL CHEM, V479, P21183; Kitagawa Y, 2000, CLIN CANCER RES, V6, P2868; Kornblith AB, 2002, J CLIN ONCOL, V20, P2441, DOI 10.1200-JCO.2002.04.044; Lakin ND, 1999, ONCOGENE, V18, P7644, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1203015; Medema RH, 1998, ONCOGENE, V16, P431, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1201558; MEEK DW, 1994, SEMIN CANCER BIOL, V5, P203; Milutinovic S, 2000, J BIOL CHEM, V275, P6353, DOI 10.1074-jbc.275.9.6353; Nieto M, 2004, ONCOGENE, V23, P735, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1207175; Okano M, 1999, CELL, V99, P247, DOI 10.1016-S0092-8674(00)81656-6; PETTI MC, 1993, LEUKEMIA S, V1, P36; Reik W, 1999, NAT GENET, V23, P380, DOI 10.1038-70476; Saha S, 2001, SCIENCE, V294, P1343, DOI 10.1126-science.1065817; Santini V, 2001, ANN INTERN MED, V134, P573; SCHNEIDERSTOCK R, 2003, J CLIN ONCOL, V9, P1688; Shen Y, 2001, ADV CANCER RES, V82, P55, DOI 10.1016-S0065-230X(01)82002-9; Silverman LR, 2002, J CLIN ONCOL, V20, P2429, DOI 10.1200-JCO.2002.04.117; Taylor WR, 2001, ONCOGENE, V20, P1803, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1204252; Wang AJ, 1997, J CANCER RES CLIN, V123, P124, DOI 10.1007-BF01269891; Wang XW, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P3706, DOI 10.1073-pnas.96.7.3706; Wijermans P, 2000, J CLIN ONCOL, V18, P956; Zhu Wei-Guo, 2003, Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents, V3, P187, DOI 10.2174-156801103348244061656
Thymoquinone triggers inactivation of the stress response pathway sensor CHEK1 and contributes to apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells
No full textThere are few reports describing the role of p53-dependent gene repression in apoptotic cell death. To identify such apoptosis-associated p53 target genes, we used the prooxidant plant-derived drug thymoquinone and compared p53+-+ and p53--- colon cancer cells HCT116. The p53 wild-type (wt) status correlated with more pronounced DNA damage and higher apoptosis after thymoquinone treatment. A significant up-regulation of the survival gene CHEK1 was observed in p53--- cells in response to thymoquinone due to the lack of transcriptional repression of p53. In p53--- cells, transfection with p53-wt vector and CHEK1 small interfering RNA treatment decreased CHEK1 mRNA and protein levels and restored apoptosis to the levels of the p53+-+ cells. p53--- cells transplanted to nude mice treated with thymoquinone up-regulated CHEK1 expression and did not undergo apoptosis unlike p53+-+ cells. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the apoptosis resistance in p53--- cells after thymoquinone treatment might be conveyed by shuttling of CHEK1 into the nucleus. We confirmed the in vivo existence of this CHEK1-p53 link in human colorectal cancer, showing that tumors lacking p53 had higher levels of CHEK1, which was accompanied by poorer apoptosis. CHEK1 overexpression was correlated with advanced tumor stages (P = 0.03), proximal tumor localization (P = 0.02), and worse prognosis (1.9-fold risk, univariate Cox regression; Kaplan-Meier, P = 0.04). We suggest that the inhibition of the stress response sensor CHEK1 might contribute to the antineoplastic activity of specific DNA-damaging drugs. ©2008 American Association for Cancer Research.Andreyev AI, 2005, BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW+, V70, P200, DOI 10.1007-s10541-005-0102-7; Bhonde MR, 2006, ONCOGENE, V25, P165, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1209017; Broude EV, 2007, CELL CYCLE, V6, P1468; BRUGAROLAS J, 1995, NATURE, V377, P552, DOI 10.1038-377552a0; Chen ZH, 2006, INT J CANCER, V119, P2784, DOI 10.1002-ijc.22198; Collins I, 2005, CURR OPIN PHARMACOL, V5, P366, DOI 10.1016-j.coph.2005.04.009; Damia G, 2001, J BIOL CHEM, V276, P10641, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M007178200; El-Deiry WS, 1998, SEMIN CANCER BIOL, V8, P345, DOI 10.1006-scbi.1998.0097; Gali-Muhtasib H, 2008, J CELL MOL MED, V12, P330, DOI 10.1111-j.1582-4934.2007.00095.x; Gali-Muhtasib H, 2004, INT J ONCOL, V25, P857; Gardner PR, 2002, METHOD ENZYMOL, V349, P9; HABOLD C, 2008, CELL MOL MED, V12, P607; Ho J, 2003, CELL DEATH DIFFER, V10, P404, DOI 10.1038-sj.cdd.4401191; Kho PS, 2004, J BIOL CHEM, V279, P21183, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M311912200; Kim CJ, 2007, EJSO-EUR J SURG ONC, V33, P580, DOI 10.1016-j.ejso.2007.02.007; Ko LJ, 1996, GENE DEV, V10, P1054, DOI 10.1101-gad.10.9.1054; Lakin ND, 1999, ONCOGENE, V18, P7644, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1203015; Liu QH, 2000, GENE DEV, V14, P1448; Maude SL, 2005, CANCER RES, V65, P780; Mirza A, 2003, ONCOGENE, V22, P3645, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1206477; NOHL H, 1998, FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS, P509; Rodriguez R, 2006, MOL BIOL CELL, V17, P402, DOI 10.1091-mbc.E05-07-0594; Roepke M, 2007, CANCER BIOL THER, V6, P160; Rozan LM, 2007, CELL DEATH DIFFER, V14, P3, DOI 10.1038-sj.cdd.4402058; Schneider-Stock R, 2004, NEOPLASIA, V6, P529, DOI 10.1593-neo.04178; Schneider-Stock R, 2005, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V312, P525, DOI 10.1124-jpet.104.074195; Schneider-Stock R, 2006, J PATHOL, V209, P95, DOI 10.1002-path.1951; Shiloh Y, 2003, NAT REV CANCER, V3, P155, DOI 10.1038-nrc1011; Sobin LH, 2002, TNM CLASSIFICATION M, P272; STEINBRE.I, 1970, ACTA BIOL MED GER, V25, P731; Sun Yi, 2006, Mol Carcinog, V45, P409, DOI 10.1002-mc.20231; Taylor WR, 2001, ONCOGENE, V20, P1803, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1204252; Tse AN, 2007, CLIN CANCER RES, V13, P1955, DOI 10.1158-1078-0432.CCR-06-2793; Verlinden L, 2007, CANCER RES, V67, P6574, DOI 10.1158-0008-5472.CAN-06-3545; Vogelstein B, 2000, NATURE, V408, P307, DOI 10.1038-35042675; Xiao D, 2005, ONCOGENE, V24, P6256, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1208759; Xiao Z, 2003, J BIOL CHEM, V278, P21767, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M300229200; Zhao B, 2002, J BIOL CHEM, V277, P46609, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M2013320046484
Hessemilimax kotulae
No full textHessemilimax kotulae (Westerlund, 1883) Vitrina kotulae Westerlund, 1883: 54. Vitrinopugio kotulae – Hesse 1923: 111. Semilimax kotulae – Forcart 1944: 666. Semilimax (Hessemilimax) kotulae – Schileyko 1986: 134. Hessemilimax kotulae – Giusti et al. 2011: 336, accepted name in MolluscaBase (https://www.molluscabase.org/, consulted on 21.X.2022). REMARK Giusti et al. (2011) treated kotulae in a mono-specific genus distinct from Semilimax Stabile, 1859 on the basis of a few anatomical differences including the presence in Hessemilimax of: 1) a long finger-like penile complex; 2) a distinctive terminal portion of the main pilaster; and 3) the absence of a horn-like chitinous structure within the atrial-vaginal stimulator papilla. However, Giusti et al. (2011) recognised that some of their analyses indicated that Hessemilimax constitutes a monophyletic group with the species of Semilimax and that the basal relationships of this clade remain unresolved (see Pfarrer et al. [2021] for a critical discussion and alternative results to the approach of the Giusti et al. [2011]). ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION Testa perdepressa, auriformis, tenuissima, virescente-hyalina, superne sub-lente ruguloso-striata; spira plana, 2/5 longitudinis aequans; anfr.2, fortissime accrescentibus, ultimus depressissimus; apertura maxima, fere 7/8 testae longitudinis efficiens, anstrorsum latior, margine columellari fortissime exciso usque ad apicem testae, ut infra conspecta spira tota cum vertice bene conspicua, margine superiore parum exciso, margine anteriore rotundatosubtruncato; limbus membranaceus jam ab anfractu penultimo fere ad marginem anteriorem prolongatus, medio latissimus et fere 1/2 baseos occupans. Long. 5-6, lat. 31/2-4, alt. 2mm. TYPE LOCALITY. — Hab. Galicia in M. Tatra, 900-2200’ s.m., praecipue in regione alpina, sub lapidibus non rara. English translation: Inhabits Galicia [historical and geographical region extending over what is today south-eastern Poland and western Ukraine] in the Tatra Mountains, 900-2200 m a.s.l., especially in the alpine region, not rare under the stones. TYPE MATERIAL. — Unknown (Sysoev & Schileyko 2009). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — France (new records) • 2 live adult specimens; Haut-Rhin, Stosswihr, Hirschsteinried; 48°4’12”N, 7°2’7”E; elevation 1050 m; 08.IX.2022; J.-M. Bichain; MHNEC (locality no. 01 on Fig. 1B) • 1 living juvenile specimen; Haut-Rhin, Stosswihr, Hirschsteinried; 48°04’12.8”N, 7°02’07.7”E; elevation 1050 m; 17.IX.2022; J.-M. Bichain; MHNEC (locality no. 01 on Fig. 1B) • 2 live adult specimens; Haut-Rhin, Stosswihr, Schluchtmatt; 48°3’35”N, 7°1’46”E; elevation 880 m; 29.IX.2022; J.-M. Bichain; MHNEC (locality no. 02 on Fig. 1B) • 1 live adult specimen; Haut-Rhin, Stosswihr, Rothried; 48°2’30”N, 7°1’38”E; elevation 895 m; 26.X.2022; J.-M. Bichain, A. Foltzer & L. Retz; MHNEC (locality no. 03 on Fig. 1B) • 3 live adult specimens; Haut-Rhin, Wildenstein, Pourri-Faing; 47°59’30”N, 6°56’45”E; elevation 1145 m; 31.X.2022; J.-M. Bichain & A. Stoffer; coll. JMB (locality no. 04 on Fig. 1B). HABITATS AND SPECIES DIVERSITY Among the 41 sampling sites, live individuals of Hessemilimax kotulae were found at four, three of which are located within the boundaries of the FM-NNR (Fig. 1B). The locality of Brugel (2014) (locality no. 06 on Fig. 1B) did not yield any live specimens nor empty shells of H. kotulae despite an intensive search for several hours. Also, we did not find S. semilimax at the locality indicated by Geissert (1996a) (locality no. 05 on Fig. 1B), although we did collect all other species listed by this author. Hessemilimax kotulae was first collected (two adults and one juvenile, black mantle) in a small swampy area from a small stream in a mixed forest dominated by fir (locality no. 01 on Figs 1B; 2A, E). The species was also collected (two adults, variegated mantle) at the foot of a scree slope colonized by maple, in particular between moss-covered boulders with underflow (locality no. 02 on Figs 1B; 2B, F) and at the foot of an avalanche slope (1 adult, variegated mantle) among boulders covered by dense vegetation of nettles and Lunaria sp. (locality no. 03 on Figs 1B; 2C, H). Finally, the species was observed (three adults, black mantle) in a beech forest, with firs and maples on northeast-facing scree slopes (locality no. 04 on Figs 1B; 2D, I). This last habitat appears to be rather dry, without perennial surface water runoff. However, this scree slope has many small but deep interstitial spaces that may provide cool and wet refuges for the species. In this habitat, we also found a live specimen of Mediterranea depressa (Sterki, 1880), a central European species that is also at the westernmost limit of its distribution in the Vosges (Bichain & Ryelandt 2021). All these localities at which H. kotulae were found are at an elevation between 863 m and 1145 m and are no more than 11 km apart from each other. The 41 sampling sites yielded 47 gastropod species, including 27 species from the four sites where H. kotulae occurs, with: Acanthinula aculeata (O. F. Müller, 1774), Aegopinella nitens (Michaud, 1831), Aegopinella pura (Alder, 1830), Arianta arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758), Clausilia bidentata (StrØm, 1765), Cochlicopa lubrica (O. F. Müller, 1774), Cochlodina laminata (Montagu, 1803), Discus rotundatus (O. F. Müller, 1774), Edentiella edentula (Draparnaud, 1805), Eucobresia diaphana (Draparnaud, 1805), Euconulus fulvus (O. F. Müller, 1774), Helicodonta obvoluta (O. F. Müller, 1774), Isognomostoma isognomostomos (Schröter, 1784), Lehmannia marginata (O. F. Müller, 1774), Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803, Macrogastra attenuata (Rossmässler, 1835), Macrogastra plicatula (Draparnaud, 1801), Malacolimax tenellus (O. F. Müller, 1774), Mediterranea depressa (Sterki, 1880), Monachoides incarnatus (O. F. Müller, 1774), Nesovitrea hammonis (StrØm, 1765), Oxychilus alliarius (J. S. Miller, 1822), Oxychilus cellarius (O. F. Müller, 1774), Phenacolimax major (A. Férussac, 1807), Trochulus cf. sericeus (Draparnaud, 1801), Vitrea crystallina (O. F. Müller, 1774), Vitrina pellucida (O. F. Müller, 1774). If we include the localities of Brugel (2014) and Geissert (1996a), with the hypothesis that this author’s Semilimax corresponds in fact to S. kotulae, a total of 41 species could potentially occur in syntopy with H. kotulae. Finally, the regional database (Bichain et al. 2021) records 79 species in the High Vosges above 600 m elevation (178 sampling sites with 1215 species occurrences, maximum elevation 1320 m, mean elevation 838 m, median 779 m). The data acquired in this study (41 sampling sites with 414 species occurrences, minimum elevation 573 m, maximum elevation 1221 m, mean elevation 926 m, median 940 m) cover 75% of the taxa recorded in the regional database above 800 m (62 spp.) and all taxa known above 1000 m (49 spp.) except for Platyla polita (W. Hartmann, 1840) and Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837). DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS Across the sampled sites, only nine live individuals of Hessemilimax kotulae were observed.According to the criteria given by Umiński (1975), eight specimens were identified as breeding individuals in mature stage II (Umiński 1975: fig. 14, Figs 2F, H, I; 3A) and one as a non-breeding individual in juvenile stage III (Umiński 1975: fig. 12, Figs 2E; 3B). The description of the reproductive system given below corresponds to the final stage of sexual maturity (mature stage II) sensu Umiński (1975) and Giusti et al. (2011: 336-339, figs 70-73). Shell morphology and soft body tissue coloration Shell vitriniform, thin and fragile, transparent, yellow-green, depressed with 1.7 to two whorls; last whorl extremely extended and constituting more than 60% of the overall shell length (Fig. 2G). Protoconch not prominent, smooth without spiral rows of small pits. Very wide aperture with columellar and basal margins bordered by a broad periostracal fringe; umbilicus widely open showing all whorl coils. Shell length of adults: 4-6 mm, shell width of adults: 3-4.5 mm. Body unable to withdrawn completely into the shell; right mantle lobe long and rather narrow reaching the apex of the shell and covers, especially in juvenile specimens, a large part of the shell when the animal is undisturbed. Body color from black (Fig. 2E, I) to light gray, most often with dark spots giving a variegated pattern (Fig. 2F, H); live adult when extended reaches 15.9 mm (Fig. 2H). Reproductive system (Fig. 3A, B) Female distal part characterized by short, wide free oviduct; bursa copulatrix with short duct initially slightly flared. Male distal part with large, finger-shaped penial complex; penial gland covering most of the proximal penial complex; penial sheath enveloping almost the entire distal part of the penial complex. Penial retractor long, inserted apically near the emergence of the vas deferens. Vas deferens long, crossing penial sheath, running along the surface of the free oviduct and entering its distal part before ovispermiduct. Internal structure of the penial complex consisting in two distinct pilasters (see Giusti et al. 2011: fig. 72). Main pilaster ending in a π-shaped papilla; smaller pilaster appearing next to the main pilaster and ending about halfway along its length. Wide and long atrial-vaginal stimulator inserted on the opposite side of the penial complex. Basal part of the atrial-vaginal stimulator sac-shaped without external glandular coating. Apical part with a slender portion more or less invaginated into the basal part of the atrial-vaginal stimulator while the free sac-like part is covered with a spongy external glandular coating. Internal papilla of stimulator short to long, conical, pointed, open at tip, protruding into basal part of the atrial-vaginal stimulator (see Giusti et al. 2011: fig. 73). REMARK According to Umiński (1975), the juvenile stage III is achieved when individuals reach a shell diameter of 2.6-3.7 mm and genitalia length of 3.1-4.1 mm. Changes between the juvenile stage III and the mature stage I are mainly quantitative, with the increase in size of the different parts of the reproductive system. However, the emergence of glandular tissue covering the proximal part of the penial complex seems to determine the onset of the mature stage I. Based on these criteria, we assume that the specimen presented in Figures 2E and 3B is probably a juvenile stage III. MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL DIFFERENCES FROM OTHER SYMPATRIC VITRINID SPECIES Three other vitrinid species were sampled in sympatry or in syntopy with H. kotulae: Eucobresia diaphana (Fig. 4A), Phenacolimax major (Fig. 4B) and Vitrina pellucida (Fig. 4C). Anatomically, H. kotulae is easily distinguishable by the presence of an atrial-vaginal stimulator, by its flat and enlarged shell with only two whorls and an umbilicus widely open. In addition, the live animal often has a variegated mantle, an appearance absent in the other species. Vitrina pellucida has a much more globular shell with three whorls and a pale body. Phenacolimax major has a flatter shell than V. pellucida also with three whorls but a darker body. In these two species, the lobe of the mantle does not reach the apex of the shell (Fig. 4B, C) except when the animal is more or less stressed. Eucobresia diaphana has a flatted and elongated shell with 2.5 whorls but the last whorl is less developed than in H. kotulae and has a much less open umbilicus. The body can be light grey or entirely black but never with a variegated pattern like H. kotulae. Also, the lobe covering the apex is spatula-shaped and wider than in H. kotulae. However, some specimens in the field, particularly juveniles of H. kotulae, may be more difficult to differentiate from E. diaphana and require more careful observation or even examination of the genitalia. Finally, all these species, except H. kotulae (Fig. 4D), present spiral rows of small pits on the apex (Fig. 4E, F, G), clearly visible under high magnification of about × 40-80. PROPOSAL FOR NATIONAL AND REGIONAL IUCN STATUS The mountain glass snail is currently listed in the French IUCN Red List (UICN comité français, OFB & MNHN 2021) as Near Threatened [NT nr B1a]. However, we argue that the putative effects of global warming on this species (Müller et al. 2009; Bässler et al. 2010) allow application of option b (continuing decline) of criterion B (geographic range), which implies an estimated, inferred, or projected continuing decline in the: 1) extent of occurrence; 2) area of occupancy; 3) area, extent, and/or quality of habitat; 4) number of sites or subpopulations; and 5) number of mature individuals (IUCN 2022). Indeed, based on two climate warming scenarios (+1.8°C vs +4.0°C), the statistical models used by Müller et al. (2009) and Bässler et al. (2010) predict a considerable risk of extinction for H. kotulae within the Bavarian Forest National Park, a low mountain range in southeast Germany (elevations <1430 m). Their results suggest that an increase in mean annual temperature of + 1.8°C will lead to a decrease in the probability of occurrence of H. kotulae by about 70% at elevations of 1400 m and that the +4.0°C scenario would probably lead to regional extinction. Consequently, Bässler et al. (2010) speculated that the mountain glass snail is a species highly vulnerable to climate change throughout its geographic range, with a high risk of global extinction. Currently, H. kotulae is formally documented from France only in the Vosges Mountains; its presence in the Massif Central is speculative and based on old data (Bouillet 1836; Van Bruggen 1957; Falkner et al. 2002: note 225). Recent field surveys (Sylvain Vrignaud, personal communication), especially in historical localities, have not confirmed its occurrence in the Massif Central. Therefore, for the national and regional IUCN assessment, we rely only on recent data (Brugel 2014 and this work). To minimize the effects of under-sampling, the maximum area of occurrence (EOO, B1 criterion) is estimated at a maximum of 3000 km 2 (<20 000 km2), i.e., the total area of the central and southern Vosges mountains (Heuacker et al. 2015), including the High Vosges; the maximum area of occupancy (AOO, B2 criterion) is estimated at a maximum of about 883 km 2 (<2000 km 2), i.e., the total area above 800 m within the EOO. Strict application of the IUCN criteria (IUCN 2022) based on the number of recently-documented localities where the species occurs (i.e., five), as well as the high degree of fragmentation of suitable habitats (i.e., option a) would lead, with application of option b (see above), to the category Vulnerable [VU B1ab(i, ii, iii, iv, v)+ 2ab(i, ii, iii, iv, v)] at the national scale.Published as part of Bichain, Jean-Michel & Ryelandt, Julien, 2023, Discovery of the mountain glass snail, Hessemilimax kotulae (Westerlund, 1883) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Vitrinidae), in the High Vosges Mountains (northeast France) and its conservation, pp. 409-419 in Zoosystema 45 (11) on pages 412-415, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a11, http://zenodo.org/record/811025
Outcomes After Endovascular Therapy With Procedural Sedation vs General Anesthesia in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
No full textInternational audienceImportance: General anesthesia and procedural sedation are common practice for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. However, risks and benefits of each strategy are unclear.Objective: To determine whether general anesthesia or procedural sedation for anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke thrombectomy are associated with a difference in periprocedural complications and 3-month functional outcome.Design, setting, and participants: This open-label, blinded end point randomized clinical trial was conducted between August 2017 and February 2020, with final follow-up in May 2020, at 10 centers in France. Adults with occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery and/or the proximal middle cerebral artery treated with thrombectomy were enrolled.Interventions: Patients were assigned to receive general anesthesia with tracheal intubation (n = 135) or procedural sedation (n = 138).Main outcomes and measures: The prespecified primary composite outcome was functional independence (a score of 0 to 2 on the modified Rankin Scale, which ranges from 0 [no neurologic disability] to 6 [death]) at 90 days and absence of major periprocedural complications (procedure-related serious adverse events, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, cardiogenic acute pulmonary edema, or malignant stroke) at 7 days.Results: Among 273 patients evaluable for the primary outcome in the modified intention-to-treat population, 142 (52.0%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 71.6 (13.8) years. The primary outcome occurred in 38 of 135 patients (28.2%) assigned to general anesthesia and in 50 of 138 patients (36.2%) assigned to procedural sedation (absolute difference, 8.1 percentage points; 95% CI, -2.3 to 19.1; P = .15). At 90 days, the rate of patients achieving functional independence was 33.3% (45 of 135) with general anesthesia and 39.1% (54 of 138) with procedural sedation (relative risk, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.86-1.61; P = .32). The rate of patients without major periprocedural complications at 7 days was 65.9% (89 of 135) with general anesthesia and 67.4% (93 of 138) with procedural sedation (relative risk, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.86-1.21; P = .80).Conclusions and relevance: In patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke, general anesthesia and procedural sedation were associated with similar rates of functional independence and major periprocedural complications.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03229148
A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands
No full textWe discovered a highly virulent variant of subtype-B HIV-1 in the Netherlands. One hundred nine individuals with this variant had a 0.54 to 0.74 log10 increase (i.e., a ~3.5-fold to 5.5-fold increase) in viral load compared with, and exhibited CD4 cell decline twice as fast as, 6604 individuals with other subtype-B strains. Without treatment, advanced HIV-CD4 cell counts below 350 cells per cubic millimeter, with long-term clinical consequences-is expected to be reached, on average, 9 months after diagnosis for individuals in their thirties with this variant. Age, sex, suspected mode of transmission, and place of birth for the aforementioned 109 individuals were typical for HIV-positive people in the Netherlands, which suggests that the increased virulence is attributable to the viral strain. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence
