400 research outputs found
Prevalence and Outcome of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with increased mortality. Information on the prevalence of ARDS and its neurological outcome after TBI is sparse. We aimed to systematically review the prevalence, risk factors, and outcome of ARDS in TBI population
I love you to death : the voice of the woman artist : sex, violence, sentimentality
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-117).At a dinner party in Durban after the opening of Come, a 2007 exhibition of Michaelis MFA students, a woman asked me about my work. When I told her it was "the bullets", by way of description (One Hundred Bullets With Your Name On Them), she said something along the lines of "oh, that's so fascinating, I really had thought a man had made them"
Expression of Concern: Redox modification of cysteine residues regulates the cytokine activity of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) (Molecular Medicine (2012) 18 (250-259) DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00389)
No full text© The Author(s). 2020. The Editors-in-Chief would like to alert readers that this article (Yang et al. 2012) is part of an investigation being conducted by the journal following the conclusions of an institutional enquiry at the University of Liverpool with respect to the quantitative mass spectrometrygenerated results regarding acetylated and redox-modified HMGB1. Appropriate editorial action will be taken once the investigation is concluded. Huan Yang, Peter Lundbäck, Lars Ottosson, Helena Erlandsson-Harris, Emilie Venereau, Marco E. Bianchi, Yousef Al-Abed, Ulf Andersson, and Kevin J. Tracey agree to this editorial expression of concern. Daniel J. Antoine has not responded to any correspondence from the editor/publisher about this editorial expression of concern
Inclusive innovation through alliance networks
No full textWe are facing a range of grand challenges in aiming to achieve inclusive and sustainable development. While traditionally we have used hierarchical government-led and/or market-based approaches to try to solve these challenges, we are seeing a burgeoning of initiatives in the form of collaborative networks. In this chapter, the author examines developments in the field of alliance network studies, focusing particularly on developing the recent notion of an organizational role. In line with the analysis of a particular alliance network, the Better Buildings Alliance, by Peterman, Kourula and Levitt (2014; 2015), a role is seen to consist of three key interrelated elements: the drivers of an organization to participate within the network, the organizational resources applicable to the network, and the relationships to other actors within the network. A role and its constitutive elements are important tools to understand both organizational outcomes in alliance networks as well as the broader dynamics, efficiency and effectiveness of the entire network. Thus, the concept of roles allows us to better understand the individual, organizational, network and broader institutional context related dimensions of alliance networks as drivers of inclusive innovation. This chapter offers an overview of underexplored themes and questions in inclusive innovation for each of these levels of analysis and a research agenda for future exploration of these forms of alliances from a role-based perspective.</p
Critical role of amino acid position 343 of surfactant protein-D in the selective binding of glycolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
No full textSurfactant protein D (SP-D), a lectin that recognizes carbohydrates via its C-type carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), regulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) -macrophage interactions via recognition of M.tb mannosylated cell wall components. SP-D binds to, agglutinates, and reduces phagocytosis and intracellular growth of M.tb. Species-specific variations in the CRD amino acid sequence contribute to carbohydrate recognition preferences and have been exploited to enhance the antimicrobial properties of SP-D in vitro. Here, we characterized the binding interaction between several wild-type and mutant SP-D neck + CRD trimeric subunits (NCRDs) and pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacterial species. Specific amino acid substitutions (i.e., the 343-amino-acid position) that flank the carbohydrate binding groove led to significant increases in binding of only virulent and attenuated M.tb strains and to a lesser extent M. marinum, whereas there was negligible binding to M. avium complex and M. smegmatis. Moreover, a nonconserved mutation at the critical 321-amino-acid position (involved in Ca2+ coordination) abrogated binding to M.tb and M. marinum. We further characterized the binding of NCRDs to the predominant surface-exposed mannosylated lipoglycans of the M.tb cell envelope. Results showed a binding pattern that is dependent on the nature of the side chain of the 343-amino-acid position flanking the SP-D CRD binding groove and the nature of the terminal mannosyl sugar linkages of the mycobacterial lipoglycans. We conclude that the 343 position is critical in defining the binding pattern of SP-D proteins to M.tb and its mannosylated cell envelope components. © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
Mr. Sunstein's Neighborhood: Won't You Be Our Co-Author?
No full textarticle published in law journalIn Six Degrees of Cass Sunstein: Collaboration Networks in Legal Scholarship (11 Green Bag 2d 19 (2007)) we began the study of the collaboration network in legal academia. We concluded that the central figure in the network was Professor Cass Sunstein of Harvard Law School and proceeded to catalogue all of his myriad co-authors (so-called Sunstein 1's) and their co-authors (Sunstein 2's). In this small note we update that catalogue as of August 2008 and take the opportunity to reflect on this project and its methodology
Mr. Sunstein\u27s Neighborhood: Won\u27t You Be Our Co-Author?
No full textIn Six Degrees of Cass Sunstein: Collaboration Networks in Legal Scholarship (11 Green Bag 2d 19 (2007)) we began the study of the collaboration network in legal academia. We concluded that the central figure in the network was Professor Cass Sunstein of Harvard Law School and proceeded to catalogue all of his myriad co-authors (so-called Sunstein 1\u27s) and their co-authors (Sunstein 2\u27s). In this small note we update that catalogue as of August 2008 and take the opportunity to reflect on this project and its methodology
Prevalence of visual impairment and severity of diabetic retinopathy in various ethnic groups in the UK
No full textDiabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment (VI) in the working population. Minor ethnic groups are at increased risk of diabetes. Diabetic Retinopathy In Various Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom (DRIVE UK) is a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of DR, VI and associated risk factors for sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) in Afro-Caribbeans (AC) and South Asians (SA) compared to Caucasians. People with diabetes in two regions in the United Kingdom who were screened and/or treated for DR from September 2008 to September 2009 were included in this study. VI and severe visual impairment (SVI) were defined as Snellen visual acuity of ≤ 6/18 and ≤ 6/60 respectively. DR was graded according to National Screening Committee (NSC) for diabetes guidelines UK.
There were 57,144 people on the diabetic register, of which retinopathy data was available from 50,285 (88.1%) subjects (type 1 n=3,323, type 2 n=46,962). In type 1 and type 2 diabetes, any DR was detected in 53.1%, 39.5%, diabetic maculopathy in 13.1%, 8.4% and STDR in 9.91%, 4.0% of people respectively. STDR was significantly more prevalent in the SA (10.3%) and AC (11.5%) populations compared to Caucasians (5.5%). Overall VI was significantly higher in the ethnic minority population. A total of 7.5% (95% CI 7.3, 7.8) people with diabetes were not eligible for driving based on their visual acuity, 3.4% (95% CI 3.2, 3.5) were classified as VI and 0.4% (95% CI 0.33, 0.44) as SVI. Risk factors for STDR were found to include longer duration of diabetes and higher mean HbA1c.
This study provides information that could be used to help develop future service frameworks and guidelines for local health bodies responsible for delivery of end userservices. The study also supports the need to explore the role of inflammatory, genetic and epigenetic factors as markers for ethnic differences in DR and potential treatment avenues for diabetic retinopathy
Suppression of mitochondrial respiration through recruitment of p160 myb binding protein to PGC-1α : modulation by p38 MAPK
No full textThe transcriptional coactivator PPAR gamma coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) is a key regulator of metabolic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in muscle and gluconeogenesis in liver. Reduced levels of PGC-1α in humans have been associated with type II diabetes. PGC-1α contains a negative regulatory domain that attenuates its transcriptional activity. This negative regulation is removed by phosphorylation of PGC-1α by p38 MAPK, an important kinase downstream of cytokine signaling in muscle and β-adrenergic signaling in brown fat. We describe here the identification of p160 myb binding protein (p160MBP) as a repressor of PGC-1α. The binding and repression of PGC-1α by p160MBP is disrupted by p38 MAPK phosphorylation of PGC-1α. Adenoviral expression of p160MBP in myoblasts strongly reduces PGC-1α's ability to stimulate mitochondrial respiration and the expression of the genes of the electron transport system. This repression does not require removal of PGC-1α from chromatin, suggesting that p160MBP is or recruits a direct transcriptional suppressor. Overall, these data indicate that p160MBP is a powerful negative regulator of PGC-1α function and provide a molecular mechanism for the activation of PGC-1α by p38 MAPK. The discovery of p160MBP as a PGC-1α regulator has important implications for the understanding of energy balance and diabetes
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