95,102 research outputs found
Biomass‐Derived Materials for Interface Engineering in Organic/Perovskite Photovoltaic and Light‐Emitting Devices
No full textCompared to their inorganic counterparts, organic optoelectronic devices receive considerable attention due to their lower cost, mechanical flexibility, bandgap engineering, and solution processability. In particular, achieving sustainability in solar cells and light emitting devices is an important milestone in the development of green electronics. This has facilitated a close collaboration between different technological fields, opening new ways for low-cost production and application of biomaterials. Recently, biomass materials, mainly derived from plants, animals and microorganisms, have emerged as effective candidates to modify the interfacial properties, and thus enhance the performance, lifetime, and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Compared to the commonly used synthetic interfacial materials, the use of biomass interlayer materials (BIMs) is still in its embryonic stages; however, their nontoxicity, biorelevance, sustainability, special proton conductivity, and rich functional groups are stimulating researchers around the globe to fabricate novel devices with improved efficiency. Herein, a comprehensive review of BIMs and their importance in next-generation optoelectronic devices is provided. A well-targeted comparison between the electrical and physical properties of different BIMs is provided, and how such characteristics improve the performance of three key optoelectronic devices: OSCs, PVSCs and OLEDs, is discussed
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
No full textThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
A critical analysis of Christian responses to Islamic claims about the work of the Prophet Muhammad, ‘the Messenger of God’.
No full textThe aims of this study are to analyse critically the different Christian responses to the Islamic understanding of the work of Muhammad. Chapter one consists a short introduction leading to an appraisal of Muhammad which incorporates historical, hagiographal and Quranic source material, and in the light of relevant Christian and Muslim scholarship. The second chapter presents a summary critical analysis of Muhammad in Christian theological perspective, from 661 A.D. to modern times. Chapter three presents a critique of Christian responses to the Muslim allegations that the text of the Bible has been infected with corruption; and that Muhammad's advent and status are foretold in the unadulterated' scriptures, and in the Gospel of Barnabas. Chapter four examines the theological significance of the work of Muhammad for Christians. Thus, Jesus and Muhammad are critically assessed and contrasted in order to ascertain the importance, for Christians, of the Muslim claims in respect of Muhammad as ’the messenger of God’. Chapter five provides a critical evaluation of the various Christian responses to Muhammad. It is argued that many of the said responses have been entangled in myths and misperceptions which have severely distorted the true account of Muhammad's work. Consequently, many Christians have failed to appreciate the divine legitimacy of Muhammad's call to prophethood. Further, it is argued that Christians should accept that Muhammad is a genuine prophet, and the messenger of God. However, Muhammad's use of the power-structure in order to maintain Islam is in sharp contrast to Jesus’ decision to face the consequences of his ministry passively through faith in God. Accordingly, orthodox Christian belief in the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus provides another dimension to prophethood, where the messenger and the message become one, an identification which finds no parallel in Islam, and which, in the nature of the case, cannot find a parallel
Development and validation of a novel testing procedure for the evaluation of rutting susceptibility of bituminous binders
No full textThe research reported herein deals with evaluation of rutting susceptibility of different asphalt binders thorough various parameters and correlating them with parameters resulted from tests carried out on their corresponding mixtures. Several factors influence the occurrence of rutting in asphalt mixtures including aggregate properties, composition (aggregate gradation and binder content), and volumetric. However Asphalt binders play a major role in affecting rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures used in road pavements. In the first phase of research four different types of asphalt binders were analyzed by subjecting them to a new protocol combining Single Creep-Recovery (SCR) tests with Multiple Stress Creep (MSC) tests on DSR. Low shear viscosity (LSV) and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) tests were also performed for comparison purposes. LSV and MSCR tests are currently known as standard procedure for the evaluation of rutting susceptibility of binders. However, recent studies have shown the existence of significant drawbacks for LSV and MSCR method when applied to highly modified polymers products. Three shear stress levels (20, 100 and 500 kPa) were applied in case of MSC tests. In case of SCR test 100 kPa shear stress was applied. Two neat binders having same penetration grade 50/70 but different sources were tested at four temperatures (46°C, 52°C, 58°C and 64°C). Asphalt rubber and SBS modified binder were tested at 58°C, 64°C, 70°C and 76°C. The higher range of temperature was used because the aim of testing protocol was to reach steady state flow during creep phase at all temperatures. In case of MSCR tests on AR and PMB tests were started at 64 °C and for NA and NB same temperature range selected for SCR and MSC was also applied. In case of SCR-MSC creep compliance rate from creep phase and permanent compliance from recovery phase were calculated in order to rank binders for their rutting susceptibility. In case of LSV and MSCR tests EVT (Equi-viscous temperature) and non-recoverable compliances were calculated respectively. Single creep-recovery tests combined with multiple stress creep were found to be more accurate in ranking binders for their rutting susceptibility. In the 2nd phase of research the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures containing above mentioned binders was evaluated. In particular three dense -graded and three gap-graded rubberized mixtures were investigated. Two rubberized gap graded mixtures were prepared in laboratory, one with 2 % filler and the second one with 5 % filler. The third gap graded rubberized mixture was supplied by a plant located in the center of Italy. Amount of binders in all gap graded asphalt mixture was 8 %. The first Dense-graded asphalt mixture was prepared in laboratory with neat binder NA. The second one was collected from local plant which employed neat binder NB, having same penetration grade as the first one but different source and slightly lower maximum design temperature. The third mixture was also prepared in laboratory with SBS polymer modified binder. The binder contents in dense graded asphalt mixtures were 5.5 %. All the three mixtures were analyzed by subjecting cylindrical specimen to Flow number tests on APMT. Flow number has been recognized as newly anti-rutting indicator of asphalt mixtures. Flow numbers for all the mixtures were measured at 3 different temperatures (46°C, 52°C and 58°C). These testing temperatures were selected keeping in mind diversity of pavement temperature across the country. The 2nd purpose of selecting different testing temperature was to study how Flow number varies with change in temperature. The results obtained from mixtures were compared with those obtained from binders. Considering three binders NA, NB and SBS and their corresponding mixtures, it was observed that strong correlation exists between binder parameters and Flow number, so parameters from binder testing can be used to predict rutting susceptibility of their corresponding mixtures. Rectangular specimens were prepared from all rubberized gap graded asphalt mixtures and one traditional mixture. These specimens were tested on wheel tracking test device in order to compare results from AMPT with WT
Deep Learning Benchmarks and Datasets for Social Media Image Classification for Disaster Response
No full textThe crisis image benchmark dataset consists data from several data sources such as CrisisMMD, data from AIDR and Damage Multimodal Dataset (DMD). The purpose of this work was to develop a consolidated dataset, create non-overlapping train/dev/test set and provide a benchmark results for the community.
We propose new datasets for disaster type detection, and informativeness classification, and damage severity assessment. Moreover, we relabel existing publicly available datasets for new tasks. We identify exact- and near-duplicates to form non-overlapping data splits, and finally consolidate them to create larger datasets. In our extensive experiments, we benchmark several state-of-the-art deep learning models and achieve promising results. We release our datasets and models publicly, aiming to provide proper baselines as well as to spur further research in the crisis informatics community.
https://crisisnlp.qcri.org/crisis-image-datasets-asonam20
The labels in the dataset for different tasks are as follows:
Task 1: Disaster types
Earthquake
Fire
Flood
Hurricane
Landslide
Not disaster
Other disaster
Task 2: Informativeness
Informative
Not informative
Task 3: Humanitarian categories
Affected, injured, or dead people
Infrastructure and utility damage
Not humanitarian
Rescue volunteering or donation effort
Task 4: Damage severity
Little or none
Mild
Severe
Please cite the following papers, if you use any of these resources in your research.
Firoj Alam, Ferda Ofli, Muhammad Imran, Tanvirul Alam, Umair Qazi, Deep Learning Benchmarks and Datasets for Social Media Image Classification for Disaster Response, In 2020 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM), 2020. [Bibtex]
Firoj Alam, Ferda Ofli, and Muhammad Imran, CrisisMMD: Multimodal Twitter Datasets from Natural Disasters. In Proceedings of the 12th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM), 2018, Stanford, California, USA. [Bibtex]
Hussein Mozannar, Yara Rizk, and Mariette Awad, Damage Identification in Social Media Posts using Multimodal Deep Learning, In Proc. of ISCRAM, May 2018, pp. 529–543.
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Keterbatasan sumber alam
No full textArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterbatasan sumber alam yang dikemukakan oleh Muhammad Syukri (2003) melalui buku 7 Prinsip Pembangunan Berteraskan Islam. Hal ini penting kerana ia melibatkan kepercayaan dan keyakinan bagi setiap muslim. Apakah keterbatasan sumber alam yang dikemukakan adalah sejajar dengan ajaran Islam dan pandangan para ulamanya? Artikel ini cuba merungkai persoalan tersebut. Bagi mencapaikan objektif tersebut artikel ini menggunakan analisis kandungan melalui data kajian keperpustakaan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa ketidak-keterbatasan sumber alam yang diputuskan oleh Muhammad Syukri adalah selari dengan ajaran Islam dan pandangan para ulamanya. Hal ini, dapat dibuktikan dengan rezeki setiap hamba sudah disediakan, pengagihan semula sumber alam, keberkatan sumber alam, dan kepenggunaan sumber alam berasaskan keperluan asas dan kemudahan hidup
Mosque as a multifunctional institution: an evaluation of users' perception on two community mosques in Malaysia / Muhammad Fakhar Muhammad Nur
No full textA community mosque IS an important facility located within the Malaysian neighbourhood. It is a place for the Muslim community to gather for the purpose of worship and as a community development centre. The research attempts to gain an understanding on the multiplicity of function of a community mosque through users feedback on visitation, usage trend, and their evaluation on the spatial conditions of the community mosque. The research employed a mixed methodology approach which combines qualitative and quantitative methods to examine two case study community mosques. The scope of the primary data was limited to two community mosque representations which arc Al-Hasanah Mosque in Bandar Baru Bangi and As-Salam Mosque in Puchong as case study. Instruments of research were architectural elements inventory, walk through survey, interview and questionnaires. The research revealed the community mosque is regarded primarily as a place for congregational worship, for hosting of dakwah and Islamic learning activities and to hold congregational affairs that open the opportunity to bring together the Islamic community. Analysis of the spatial zoning and arrangements of the two community mosques shows similar concerns in spatial planning, where the focuses are on hierarchy of space, placement of mihrab and minbar, flexibility to cater for change in volume of Jemaah, gender segregation and integration issues, flow of worship processes, and space hierarchy. Users concerns mainly focus on accessibility, audibility, privacy, cleanliness and hygiene, safety and thermal comfort. Space provisions that users feel that are currently under provided are spaces and facilities to support social gathering activities, seminars and funeral preparations
Teologi Muhammad Abduh
No full textMenarik untuk dikaji corak teologi Muhammad Abduh. Teologi rasionalkah yang mendorong lahirnya dinamisasi atau teologi tradisional yang mendorong kepada kondisi statis. Banyak orang tidak sepakat tentang corak teologinya. Tetapi yang harus dipahami adalah ketidaksepakatan itu merupakan cermin dari bervariatifnya barometer yang dijadikan standar untuk menilainya. Menurut pemikiran Muhammad Abduh tersebut, dapat dipahami bahwa wujud tersusun dari Khaliq dan Makhluk, adanya pencipta dan yang dicipta. Oleh karenanya, semua yang ada dalam wujud ini selain Allah Swt. Adalah makhlukNya. Alam terdiri atas alam abstrak dan alam nyata. Sedangkan alam manusia terbagi ke dalam dua golongan; golongan khawas dan awam. Dalam sistem teologi Abduh, akal mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting. Baginya, untuk memperoleh iman sejati dibutuhkan pemikiran rasional. Yang pasti, bagi Muh. Abduh, wahyu menaruh keyakinan yang amat dalam terhadap keunggulan wahyu dalam membantu akal untuk mengatasi kelemahannya. Yang pasti juga bahwa wahyu tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai informasi, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai konfirmasi
CrisisBench: Benchmarking Crisis-related Social Media Datasets for Humanitarian Information Processing
No full textThe CrisisBench dataset consists data from several different data sources such as CrisisLex (CrisisLex26, CrisisLex6), CrisisNLP, SWDM2013, ISCRAM13, Disaster Response Data (DRD), Disasters on Social Media (DSM), CrisisMMD and data from AIDR. The purpose of this work was to map the class label, remove duplicates and provide a benchmark results for the community.
Class labels
Informative vs not-informative:
Informative
Not informative
Humanitarian categories
Affected individual
Caution and advice
Displaced and evacuations
Donation and volunteering
Infrastructure and utilities damage
Injured or dead people
Missing and found people
Not humanitarian
Requests or needs
Response efforts
Sympathy and support
https://crisisnlp.qcri.org/crisis_datasets_benchmarks.html
https://github.com/firojalam/crisis_datasets_benchmarks
Please cite the following papers if you use any of these resources in your research.
Firoj Alam, Hassan Sajjad, Muhammad Imran and Ferda Ofli, CrisisBench: Benchmarking Crisis-related Social Media Datasets for Humanitarian Information Processing, In ICWSM, 2021.
Firoj Alam, Ferda Ofli and Muhammad Imran. CrisisMMD: Multimodal Twitter Datasets from Natural Disasters. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM), 2018, Stanford, California, USA.
Muhammad Imran, Prasenjit Mitra, and Carlos Castillo: Twitter as a Lifeline: Human-annotated Twitter Corpora for NLP of Crisis-related Messages. In Proceedings of the 10th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), pp. 1638-1643. May 2016, Portorož, Slovenia.
A. Olteanu, S. Vieweg, C. Castillo. 2015. What to Expect When the Unexpected Happens: Social Media Communications Across Crises. In Proceedings of the ACM 2015 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '15). ACM, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
A. Olteanu, C. Castillo, F. Diaz, S. Vieweg. 2014. CrisisLex: A Lexicon for Collecting and Filtering Microblogged Communications in Crises. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM'14). AAAI Press, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Muhammad Imran, Shady Elbassuoni, Carlos Castillo, Fernando Diaz and Patrick Meier. Extracting Information Nuggets from Disaster-Related Messages in Social Media. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM), May 2013, Baden-Baden, Germany.
Muhammad Imran, Shady Elbassuoni, Carlos Castillo, Fernando Diaz and Patrick Meier. Practical Extraction of Disaster-Relevant Information from Social Media. In Social Web for Disaster Management (SWDM'13) - Co-located with WWW, May 2013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
https://appen.com/datasets/combined- disaster-response-data/
https://data.world/crowdflower/disasters- on-social-media
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Liquid racism and the Danish Prophet Muhammad cartoons
No full textThis is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2010 The Author.This article examines reactions to the October 2005 publication of the Prophet Muhammad cartoons in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten. It does so by using the concept of ‘liquid racism’. While the controversy arose because it is considered blasphemous by many Muslims to create images of the Prophet Muhammad, the article argues that the meaning of the cartoons is multidimensional, that their analysis is significantly more complex than most commentators acknowledge, and that this complexity can best be addressed via the concept of liquid racism. The article examines the liquidity of the cartoons in relation to four readings. These see the cartoons as: (1) a criticism of Islamic fundamentalism; (2) blasphemous images; (3) Islamophobic and racist; and (4) satire and a defence of freedom of speech. Finally, the relationship between postmodernity and the rise of fundamentalism is discussed because the cartoons, reactions to them, and Islamic fundamentalism, all contain an important postmodern dimension.ESR
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