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Kulturens øyne - museer som uttrykk for syn : en analyse med utgangspunkt i et vernebygg over en ruin, en museumslåve og en utstilling av middelalderskulpturer
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Denne hovedfagsoppgaven omhandler muligheter for og konsekvenser av ulike kulturelle blikk. Oppgaven har fått hovedtittelen Kulturens øyne museer som uttrykk for syn , på bakgrunn av en forståelse av synet som kulturelt betinget, og at museet er godt egnet til en slik innfallsvinkel. Grunnlaget for studien ligger i definisjonen av synet som en mental prosess og ikke bare en biologisk mekanisme, og at det dermed må forstås i relasjon til mentalitet. Det kulturelle aspektet ved synsaktivitet fikk meg til å reflektere over muligheten for forskjellige måter å se på. Med eksempler fra museet som kulturell arena, ville jeg studere hvordan det er lagt til rette for syn, og hvordan det argumenteres for dette. I den grad det i argumentasjonen gis uttrykk for visualitet og tilrettelegging for bestemte synsopplevelser, ville jeg forsøke å problematisere museal visualitet både i forhold til en teoretisk hypotese om et moderne blikk og ulike måter å se på koblet til forskjellig utstillingspraksis.
Museet egner seg for studier av visualitet på flere måter, ikke minst som eksempel på en skueplass. Mine studieobjekt består av utvalgte kulturhistoriske utstillinger som i særlig grad er basert på en visuell formidlingsform, hvor utstillingsobjektene nesten ikke ledsages av litterære tekster eller overgripende historier. Museer er imidlertid generelt basert på det visuelle, på visuell kommunikasjon mellom publikum og utstilte objekter. Ting på museer skal ses, ikke berøres. Samtidig er museet et utpreget moderne fenomen, en virksomhet som ikke minst sprang ut av den moderne vitenskapen. Det var også en virksomhet som etter hvert ble knyttet til det moderne folkeopplysningsprosjekt. Koblingen mellom modernitet og visualitet står sentralt i studien.
I hovedsak er det aktørene som laget utstillingene som får komme til orde, både verbalt og gjennom studiet av de realiserte utstillingenes formspråk. Analysen dreier seg om prioriteringer mellom utstillingsarkitekters ønsker om visuelle kvaliteter, museumskonservatorers krav om historiske representasjoner og publikums forventninger. Det er ventelig forskjell mellom disse gruppenes forskjellige måter å betrakte ting på. Et sentralt poeng er i så måte forskjeller mellom utstillingsobjekter som visuelt tilgjengelige forskningsobjekt og mer allmennmenneskelige symboler og visuelle tilganger for en generell historisk bevissthet. I prioriteringen mellom hvilke synsopplevelser som vektlegges i museet, kan man snakke om konsekvenser av hvilke blikk som er imøtekommet. Eksemplene er hentet fra problematikken rundt Vernebygget over Hamar Domkirkeruin, Hedmarksmuseets faste utstillinger i den såkalte Museumslåven på Domkirkeodden på Hamar og utstillingen av skulpturer i Museet i Erkebispegården i Trondheim
World heritage and cultural sustainability. The farmers and fishermen of Vega, Northern Norway
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World heritage and cultural sustainability. The farmers and fishermen of Vega, Northern Norway
Get PDFHeritage is acknowledged as crucial for cultural sustainability. This chapter investigates how the world heritage status of Vega, an archipelago in northern Norway, and its promoted values are utilised, understood and appreciated locally by farmers and fishermen. More specific, it explores how these two groups relate to and engage with the world heritage and how this engagement can be understood in the context of cultural sustainability. The world heritage status and the related ‘heritagisation’ process has affected the farming and fishing industries differently as a result of differences in the sectors’ vitality and viability; farmers’ saw the potential in the world heritage status while the fishermen did not. These differences are again connected to the prevailing policies in the sectors and their social, economic and environmental bases. More specifically, the fisheries have experienced a negative development related to disadvantageous policies and environmental degradation while the agrarian sector have been tied to a rhetoric of the farmer as an upholder of heritage and to a system of agri-environmental schemes representing income possibilities for the Vega farmers. Following on from this, it is debatable to what extent the world heritage status has had a positive impact on the community’s cultural sustainability as a whole.acceptedVersionLocked until 14.9.2019 due to copyright restrictions. This is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in [Cultural sustainability and the nature-culture interface. Livelihoods, policies, and methodologies], available online: https://doi.org/10.4324/978131562529
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
World heritage and cultural sustainability. The farmers and fishermen of Vega, Northern Norway
No full textHeritage is acknowledged as crucial for cultural sustainability. This chapter investigates how the world heritage status of Vega, an archipelago in northern Norway, and its promoted values are utilised, understood and appreciated locally by farmers and fishermen. More specific, it explores how these two groups relate to and engage with the world heritage and how this engagement can be understood in the context of cultural sustainability. The world heritage status and the related ‘heritagisation’ process has affected the farming and fishing industries differently as a result of differences in the sectors’ vitality and viability; farmers’ saw the potential in the world heritage status while the fishermen did not. These differences are again connected to the prevailing policies in the sectors and their social, economic and environmental bases. More specifically, the fisheries have experienced a negative development related to disadvantageous policies and environmental degradation while the agrarian sector have been tied to a rhetoric of the farmer as an upholder of heritage and to a system of agri-environmental schemes representing income possibilities for the Vega farmers. Following on from this, it is debatable to what extent the world heritage status has had a positive impact on the community’s cultural sustainability as a whole
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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