1,218 research outputs found
Ashburn Anstalt v WJ Arnold & Co. Ltd [1989] Ch 1, Court of Appeal
No full textEssential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Ashburn Anstalt v WJ Arnold & Co. Ltd [1989] Ch 1, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.</p
Predicting the Response to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: Retrospective Validation of geno2pheno-THEO on a Large Clinical Database
No full textBACKGROUND:
Expert-based genotypic interpretation systems are standard methods for guiding treatment selection for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. We previously introduced the software pipeline geno2pheno-THEO (g2p-THEO), which on the basis of viral sequence predicts the response to treatment with a combination of antiretroviral compounds by applying methods from statistical learning and the estimated potential of the virus to escape from drug pressure.
METHODS:
We retrospectively validated the statistical model used by g2p-THEO in approximately 7600 independent treatment-sequence pairs extracted from the EuResist integrated database, ranging from 1990 to 2007. Results were compared with the 3 most widely used expert-based interpretation systems: Stanford HIVdb, ANRS, and Rega.
RESULTS:
The difference in receiver operating characteristic curves between g2p-THEO and expert-based approaches was significant (P < .001; paired Wilcoxon test). Indeed, at 80% specificity, g2p-THEO found 16.2%-19.8% more successful regimens than did the expert-based approaches. The increased performance of g2p-THEO was confirmed in a 2001-2007 data set from which most obsolete therapies had been removed.
CONCLUSION:
Finding drug combinations that increase the chances of therapeutic success is the main reason for using decision support systems. The present analysis of a large data set derived from clinical practice demonstrates that g2p-THEO solves this task significantly better than state-of-the-art expert-based systems. The tool is available at http://www.geno2pheno.org
Treść i dynamika objawienia imienia Bożego w Księdze Wyjścia Część I: Analiza narracji Wj 3,16–24,18
No full textThe article addresses the significance of the formulas of the Divine Name: יְהוָה, אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה, and אֶהְיֶה (Exod 3:14–15). Referring to the narrative character of the Book of Exodus and assuming that the ambiguous formulas of the Divine Name in the initial part of the story are elements of a deliberate literary strategy, the author proposes interpreting these formulas using a narrative method. An analysis of two narrative sections of the Book of Exodus (3:16–18:27; 19:1–24:18) reveals that God, whose presence is initially depicted as concealed, is later portrayed, through the presentation of the Name formulas, as manifesting His presence through active intervention. The narrated events, in which YHWH acts on behalf of the Israelites against their enemies (Exod 3:16–18:27) and subsequently leads them to covenantal commitment (Exod 19:1–24:18), present God-YHWH as being. This notion clearly aligns with the declaration embedded in the Name formulas.Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie znaczenia formuł imienia Bożego: יְהוָה, אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה oraz אֶהְיֶה (Wj 3,14-15). Odwołując się do narracyjnego charakteru Księgi Wyjścia oraz przyjmując założenie, że niejednoznaczne formuły imienia Bożego w początkowej części opowieści stanowią element przemyślanej strategii literackiej, autor proponuje tłumaczenie tych formuł za pomocą metody narratywnej. Przeprowadzona analiza dwóch fragmentów narracji Księgi Wyjścia (3,16–18,27; 19,1–24,18) pozwala zauważyć, iż Bóg, którego obecność na początkowym etapie opowieści zaprezentowana zostaje jako niejawna, wraz z przedstawieniem formuł imienia, ukazany zostaje jako manifestujący swoją obecność w aktywnym działaniu. Opowiedziane wydarzenia, w których JHWH jest podmiotem działającym na rzecz Izraelitów przeciw ich wrogom (Wj 3,16–18,27), a następnie doprowadzającym ich do zawarcia przymierza (Wj 19,1–24,18), ukazują Boga-JHWH jako będącego, co w czytelny sposób koresponduje z deklaracją zawartą w formułach imienia
Treść i dynamika objawienia imienia Bożego w księdze Wyjścia Część II: Analiza narracji Wj 25,1-40,38
No full textThe article constitutes a continuation of the study addressing the significance of the formulas of the Divine Name: יְהוָה, אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה, and אֶהְיֶה (Exod 3:14–15). The analysis focuses on the subsequent textual material of the Book of Exodus (Exod 25:1–40:38), where YHWH is primarily portrayed as manifesting His presence in the Tabernacle, which He commands to be built as His dwelling place. Applying the method of narrative analysis to the entirety of the narrative material, the author concludes that the primary communicative aim of the book is to present God as being. This concept is signaled in the formulas of the Divine Name and confirmed throughout the narrative representation of the events. The depiction of YHWH’s presence intensifies progressively as the narrative unfolds, with God transitioning from an unknown name and imperceptible presence to being known by the name YHWH and permanently present among the Israelites.Artykuł stanowi kontynuację studium podejmującego temat znaczenia formuł imienia Bożego: יְהוָה, אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה oraz אֶהְיֶה (Wj 3,14-15). Analizie poddana zostaje dalsza partia materiału tekstualnego Księgi Wyjścia (Wj 25,1–40,38), gdzie JHWH zaprezentowany jest przede wszystkim jako manifestujący swoją obecność w przybytku, który nakazuje zbudować na mieszkanie dla siebie. Stosując metodę analizy narratywnej do całości materiału narracyjnego, autor dochodzi do wniosku, że głównym celem komunikacyjnym księgi jest ukazanie Boga jako będącego, co jest sygnalizowane w formułach imienia Bożego i potwierdzone w całej narracyjnej reprezentacji wydarzeń. Prezentacja obecności JHWH staje się coraz bardziej intensywna wraz z postępem narracji, a Bóg przechodzi od nieznanego imienia i niedostrzegalnej obecności do bycia znanym w imieniu JHWH i trwale obecnym pośród Izraelitów
Depth Control for Blind Water Jet Drilling in Bone
No full textAbstract - When surgically drilling blind holes in bone using a Water Jet (WJ), control over the resulting depth is a challenging issue of paramount concern. This thesis was part of a project aimed at replacing the awl and mallet technique used in traditional microfracture procedures with an arthroscopic high-pressure WJ instrument is capable of accurately drilling 2–4 mm deep holes in subchondral bone. The focus of this paper was to develop, analyze and evaluate concepts for ensuring the depthwise accuracy of a microfracturing WJ. Research was performed on both WJ systems and the microfracture procedure, and a thorough problem analysis detailing all concerning requirements and parameters was set up. It was determined that due to the strong non-uniformity of human bone, both spatially and between subjects, a WJ capable of monitoring the depth and implementing a closed-loop control system was needed to ensure safe and accurate drilling. To measure the depth of the hole and allow for feedback control, a flexible Nickel Titanium probe concept was devised and tested. The concept featured a 3D printed nozzle with built-in WJ orifice and depth probe, which could be extended down the hole made by the WJ by an ex-vivo actuator featurimg load and displacement sensors. When the load sensor detected a sudden rise in extension resistance, bottom contact was assumed and the hole depth was calculated based on the displacement of the probe. A proof-of-concept experiment showed the viability of using a flexible probe to measure the depth. Additionally, the algorithm produced for calculating the depth was shown to be robust against the hysteresis and backlash exhibited by the setup. When probing holes with depths of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm and bore diameters of 1, 1.5, and 2 mm drilled in solid PMMA, the prototype managed an error mean of 0.00 mm with a SD of 0.19 mm. To test the probe in holes shaped as expected during microfracture surgery, a virtual interference experiment was carried out using mCT scans of WJ-drilled bones and simulated probes of varying diameters. Seven scans were probed from 4 different angles each; the results suggested that a probe with a 0.2–0.3 mm diameter was optimal in terms of traversing the hole without blockages and without risking over-penetration. Moreover, this thesis produced recommendations on carrying the project further, towards a fully integrated system capable of drilling accurate blind holes in human bone, in a closed-loop depth-controlled manner.BMEBioMechanical EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Mojżesz wysłannik Jahwe (Wj 1,1–14,31)
No full textThe Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt was the most important event in the history of the Chosen People. The historical and theological context of the biblical events contained in Exodus 1:1–14:31 was described.The aim of the research became the analysis and interpretation of the theological message contained in the first part of the Exodus recounting the liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery (Exodus 1:1–14:31).In the analysis and exegesis of biblical texts, the intertextual method was used, as well as the historical-critical method over the issue of Moses’ mission.As a result of the study, it can be concluded that: 1) the knowledge of the God of Israel and His intentions is the key theme of the first fifteen chapters of the Exodus. Yahweh is the main protagonist of the events described in the Book of Exodus. He is their author and perpetrator; 2) the theme of the first part of the Exodus is the conflict over whom Israel is to serve; 3) the historical sources do not reflect in their entirety the facts known from the biblical account, for the reason that the Bible is not a historical chronicle, but a record of God’s revelation. Its main task is to convey theological content.The conclusions to be drawn are: 1) the revelation that was to Moses also applies to the Israelites, as well as to the Egyptians. However, the times and the manner of revelation change. God’s words are addressed to everyone, including modern people.The study conducted does not exhaust the subject of Moses’ mission to Israel. It is not a complete characterization of Moses. At the same time, it is necessary to keep in mind the further impact of the message of the Exodus on subsequent generations of Israel, as well as on modern times. The study can become a contribution to further theological reflection on the message of the Exodus.Wyjście Izraelitów z Egiptu było najważniejszym wydarzeniem w historii narodu wybranego. Został opisany kontekst historyczno-teologiczny wydarzeń biblijnych zawartych w Wj 1,1–14,31.Celem badań stała się analiza i interpretacja przesłania teologicznego zawartego w pierwszej części Księgi Wyjścia opowiadającej o wyzwoleniu Izraelitów z niewoli egipskiej (Wj 1,1–14,31).Przy analizie i egzegezie tekstów biblijnych wykorzystano metodę intertekstualną, a także historyczno-krytyczną nad zagadnieniem misji Mojżesza.W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań można stwierdzić, że: 1) poznanie Boga Izraela i Jego zamiarów jest kluczowym tematem pierwszych piętnastu rozdziałów Księgi Wyjścia. Jahwe jest głównym bohaterem wydarzeń opisanych w Księdze Wyjścia. On jest ich sprawcą i autorem; 2) tematem pierwszej części Księgi Wyjścia jest konflikt o to, komu służyć ma Izrael; 3) źródła historyczne nie odzwierciedlają w całości faktów znanych z relacji biblijnej, dlatego że Biblia nie jest kroniką historyczną, lecz zapisem objawienia Bożego. Jej głównym zadaniem jest przekaz treści teologicznej.Wnioski, jakie należy wyciągnąć to: 1) objawienie, które było do Mojżesza, dotyczą także Izraelitów, jak i do Egipcjan. Zmieniają się jednak czasy i sposób objawienia. Słowa Boga skierowane są do wszystkich, również do ludzi współczesnych.Przeprowadzone badania nie wyczerpują tematu misji Mojżesza względem Izraela. Nie jest pełną charakterystyką Mojżesza. Należy przy tym pamiętać o dalszym oddziaływaniu przesłania Księgi Wyjścia na kolejne pokolenia Izraela, a także na czasy współczesne. Badanie mogą stać się przyczynkiem do dalszej refleksji teologicznej nad przesłaniem Księgi Wyjścia
Finite linear spaces admitting a projective group PSU(3,q) with q even
No full textAbstractThis article is a contribution to the study of the automorphism groups of finite linear spaces. In particular we look at simple groups and prove the following theorem:Let G=PSU(3,q) with q even and G acts line-transitively on a finite linear space S. Then S is one of the following cases:(i)A projective plane;(ii)A regular linear space with parameters (b,v,r,k)=(q2(q2−q+1),q3+1,q2−q+1,q+1). This is called the Hermitian unitary design
Standardized representation, visualization and searchable repository of antiretroviral treatment-change episodes
No full textABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: To identify the determinants of successful antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, researchers study the virological responses to treatment-change episodes (TCEs) accompanied by baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, and genotypic resistance data. Such studies, however, often differ in their inclusion and virological response criteria making direct comparisons of study results problematic. Moreover, the absence of a standard method for representing the data comprising a TCE makes it difficult to apply uniform criteria in the analysis of published studies of TCEs. RESULTS: To facilitate data sharing for TCE analyses, we developed an XML (Extensible Markup Language) Schema that represents the temporal relationship between plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, CD4 counts and genotypic drug resistance data surrounding an ARV treatment change. To demonstrate the adaptability of the TCE XML Schema to different clinical environments, we collaborate with four clinics to create a public repository of about 1,500 TCEs. Despite the nascent state of this TCE XML Repository, we were able to perform an analysis that generated a novel hypothesis pertaining to the optimal use of second-line therapies in resource-limited settings. We also developed an online program (TCE Finder) for searching the TCE XML Repository and another program (TCE Viewer) for generating a graphical depiction of a TCE from a TCE XML Schema document. CONCLUSIONS: The TCE Suite of applications - the XML Schema, Viewer, Finder, and Repository - addresses several major needs in the analysis of the predictors of virological response to ARV therapy. The TCE XML Schema and Viewer facilitate sharing data comprising a TCE. The TCE Repository, the only publicly available collection of TCEs, and the TCE Finder can be used for testing the predictive value of genotypic resistance interpretation systems and potentially for generating and testing novel hypotheses pertaining to the optimal use of salvage ARV therapy
Architectural authorship in generative design
No full textThe emergence of evolutionary digital design methods, relying on the creative generation of novel forms, has transformed the design process altogether and consequently the role of the architect. These methods are more than the means to aid and enhance the design process or to perfect the representation of finite architectural projects. The architectural design philosophy is gradually transcending to a hybrid of art, engineering, computer programming and biology. Within this framework, the emergence of designs relies on the architect- machine interaction and the authorship that each of the two shares.
This work aims to explore the changes within the
design process and to define the authorial control of a
new breed of architects- programmers and architects-users on architecture and its design representation. For the investigation of these problems, this thesis is to be based on an experiment conducted by the author in order to test the interaction of architects with different digital design methods and their authorial control over the final product. Eventually, the results will be compared and evaluated in relation to the theoretic views. Ultimately, the architect will establish his authorial role
Historic DNA for taxonomy and conservation: A case-study of a century-old Hawaiian hawkmoth type (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)
No full textCopyright: © 2017 Hundsdoerfer, Kitching. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.NHM Repositor
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