8 research outputs found
Stress-induced salivary cortisol secretion during hypobaric hypoxia challenge and in vivo urinary thromboxane production in healthy male subjects.
No full textFew studies have assessed the effects of stress on in vivo platelet activation. In the present study, hypobaric hypoxia induced by rapid decompression during high-altitude simulated flight in a hypobaric chamber was used to evaluate the effects of environmental stress on salivary cortisol and urinary thromboxane metabolite (TXM) excretion, a noninvasive marker of in vivo platelet function. Twenty-one male aviators (mean ± SD age = 36 ± 7 years) experiencing hypoxia by removing their oxygen mask for 4-5 min during a simulated flight to 25,000 ft (7,620 m; pO 2 = 59.17 mmHg) and a matched control group of thirteen flying instructors wearing oxygen masks during the challenge, were studied. Hypobaric hypoxia induced a transient significant increase (P < 0.001) in the aviators' salivary cortisol concentration; the overall pattern of diurnal cortisol fluctuation was maintained in both groups. Urinary TXM showed a significant ∼30% reduction (P < 0.01) after the chamber session in aviators exposed to hypobaric hypoxia, but not in controls. A significant inverse correlation was found between salivary cortisol and urinary TXM in aviators (r = -0.64, P = 0.0015). Salivary cortisol was a significant predictor (P < 0.001) for urinary TXM concentrations in aviators. In conclusion, here we observed that an acute stress-induced salivary cortisol increase was associated with reduced urinary thromboxane biosynthesis, providing the first indirect evidence for an inhibitory effect of acute stress on in vivo platelet functio
Salivary cortisol and α-amylase: subclinical indicators of stress as cardiometabolic risk
No full textCurrently, the potential for cardiovascular (CV) stress-induced risk is primarily based on the theoretical (obvious) side effects of stress on the CV system. Salivary cortisol and α-amylase, produced respectively by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system during stress response, are still not included in the routine evaluation of CV risk and require additional and definitive validation. Therefore, this article overviews studies published between 2010 and 2015, in which salivary cortisol and α-amylase were measured as stress biomarkers to examine their associations with CV/CMR (cardiometabolic risk) clinical and subclinical indicators. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases was performed, and 54 key articles related to the use of salivary cortisol and α-amylase as subclinical indicators of stress and CV/CMR factors, including studies that emphasized methodological biases that could influence the accuracy of study outcomes, were ultimately identified. Overall, the biological impact of stress measured by salivary cortisol and α-amylase was associated with CV/CMR factors. Results supported the use of salivary cortisol and α-amylase as potential diagnostic tools for detecting stress-induced cardiac diseases and especially to describe the mechanisms by which stress potentially contributes to the pathogenesis and outcomes of CV diseases
Evaluation of apoptosis and the glucocorticoid receptor in the cartilage growth plate and metaphyseal bone cells of rats after high-dose treatment with corticosterone
No full text
Salivary cortisol and α-amylase: subclinical indicators of stress as cardiometabolic risk
No full textCurrently, the potential for cardiovascular (CV) stress-induced risk is primarily based on the theoretical (obvious) side effects of stress on the CV system. Salivary cortisol and α-amylase, produced respectively by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system during stress response, are still not included in the routine evaluation of CV risk and require additional and definitive validation. Therefore, this article overviews studies published between 2010 and 2015, in which salivary cortisol and α-amylase were measured as stress biomarkers to examine their associations with CV/CMR (cardiometabolic risk) clinical and subclinical indicators. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases was performed, and 54 key articles related to the use of salivary cortisol and α-amylase as subclinical indicators of stress and CV/CMR factors, including studies that emphasized methodological biases that could influence the accuracy of study outcomes, were ultimately identified. Overall, the biological impact of stress measured by salivary cortisol and α-amylase was associated with CV/CMR factors. Results supported the use of salivary cortisol and α-amylase as potential diagnostic tools for detecting stress-induced cardiac diseases and especially to describe the mechanisms by which stress potentially contributes to the pathogenesis and outcomes of CV diseases
Maternal corticosterone during lactation permanently affects brain corticosteroid receptors, stress response and behaviour in rat progeny
No full textInteração entre os sistemas adenosinérgico e endocanabinóide, através dos receptores A1 e CB1, no controle da memória espacial
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em FarmacologiaOs sistemas endocanabinóide e adenosinérgico, através dos receptores A1 e CB1, compartilham uma série de características. Ou seja, ambos os receptores ativam proteínas Gi/o para mediar suas principais ações, inibem a liberação de diferentes neurotransmissores e são expressos em grandes concentrações no córtex, hipocampo e cerebelo. Além disso, agonistas dos dois receptores prejudicam processos relacionados à memória espacial enquanto que antagonistas induzem melhora cognitiva. Apesar das semelhanças entre os dois sistemas e da importância da memória espacial na fisiopatologia de diferentes doenças, poucos estudos avaliaram a possível interação entre ambos os sistemas no controle da memória espacial. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação entre os sistemas adenosinérgico e endocanabinóide, através dos receptores A1 e CB1, na modulação da memória espacial. Para isso validou-se o modelo da localização de objetos em camundongos, o qual pareceu sensível a drogas amnésicas ou pró-mnemônicas. Além disso, demonstrou-se que a região CA1 do hipocampo participa da aquisição da memória de localização de objetos em camundongos. Posteriormente, utilizou-se o modelo recém validado e o labirinto aquático para avaliar o efeito pró-mnemônico da co-administração de antagonistas dos receptores A1 e CB1. Esta interação melhora o aprendizado de camundongos em doses até 20 vezes menores do que aquelas utilizadas para produzir o mesmo efeito quando administradas isoladamente. Na sequência demonstrou-se que as ações da co-administração são mediadas, pelo menos em parte, pela liberação de glutamato e a interação deste com os receptores NMDA no hipocampo e no córtex pré-frontal. No último grupo de experimentos, demonstrou-se que os receptores A1 e CB1 do hipocampo interagem para modular a amnésia induzida por agonistas de ambos. Ou seja, o efeito amnésico do agonista A1 é bloqueado pelo antagonista CB1, enquanto que o prejuízo de aprendizado induzido pelo agonista CB1 é atenuado pelo agonista A1. Sugerindo que tanto o tônus adenosinérgico quanto o endocanabinóide interagem para a modulação da amnésia induzida por agonistas dos receptores CB1 e A1, respectivamente. Por fim, conclui-se que os sistemas adenosinérgico e endocanabinóide, através de seus receptores A1 e CB1, interagem para o controle de processos associados à memória espacial de camundongos.The adenosinergic and endocannabinoid systems share different characteristics through the A1 and CB1 receptors. For example, both are densely expressed in areas such as the cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. The binding of agonists to them activates Gi/o proteins and similar mechanisms of signal transduction. Functionally, A1 and CB1 receptor activation inhibits the release of different neurotransmitters. In animal models of spatial learning, A1 and CB1 receptor agonists and antagonists have been reported to impair and to facilitate learning and memory, respectively. Despite these evidences, there are no studies evaluating the interaction between both systems in spatial memory processes. Initially, we have done a pharmacological validation of the object-location task in mice. This task is sensitive to amnesic and pro-mnemonic drugs, and the expression of memory seems to be dependent on the CA1 hippocampus. In a second set of results, we have shown that coadministration of subeffective doses of A1 and CB1 antagonists improves acquisition of spatial learning evaluated either in the water maze or in the object-location task. This effect was dependent on glutamate release into the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. The blockade of NMDA receptors in the CA1 hippocampus and prefrontal cortex counteracts the effects of the coadministration evaluated in the object-location task. This suggests that the simultaneous blockade of the adenosinergic and endocannabinoid tonuses might enhance memory, and that the mechanism of this effect is dependent on glutamate release into the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. The last group of experiments evaluated the interaction between A1 and CB1 receptors in the amnesia induced by the agonists of both. The result suggests that the amnesia induced by an A1 agonist is blocked by a CB1 receptor antagonist. On the other hand, the learning deficits induced by the CB1 receptor agonist are attenuated by the A1 receptor activation. This suggests that the adenosinergic and endocannabinoid systems might modulate amnesia induced either by A1 or CB1 agonists. Finally, these results also suggest that the adenosinergic and endocannabinoid systems interact to modulate behavioral processes associated with spatial memory
Variations In Maternal Care Alter Corticosterone And 17beta-estradiol Levels, Estrous Cycle And Folliculogenesis And Stimulate The Expression Of Estrogen Receptors Alpha And Beta In The Ovaries Of Uch Rats
No full textBackground: Variations in maternal care are associated with neonatal stress, hormonal disturbances and reproductive injuries during adulthood. However, the effects of these variations on sex hormones and steroid receptors during ovary development remain undetermined. This study aimed to investigate whether variations in maternal care are able to influence the hormonal profile, follicular dynamics and expression of AR, ER-alpha and ER-beta in the ovaries of UCh rat offspring.Methods: Twenty-four adult UCh rats, aged 120 days, were randomly divided into two groups (UChA and UChB) and mated. Maternal care was assessed from birth (day 0) to the 10th postnatal day (PND). In adulthood, twenty adult female rats (UChA and UChB offspring; n = 10/group), aged 120 days, were euthanized by decapitation during the morning estrus.Results: UChA females (providing high maternal care) more frequently displayed the behaviors of carrying pups, as well as licking/grooming and arched back nursing cares. Also, mothers providing high care had elevated corticosterone levels. Additionally, offspring receiving low maternal care showed the highest estrous cycle duration, increased corticosterone and 17beta-estradiol levels, overexpression of receptors ER-alpha and ER-beta, increased numbers of primordial, antral and mature follicles and accentuated granulosa cell proliferation.Conclusions: Our study suggests that low maternal care alters corticosterone and 17beta-estradiol levels, disrupting the estrous cycle and folliculogenesis and differentially regulating the expression of ER-alpha and ER-beta in the ovaries of adult rats. © 2011 Amorim et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.9Walker, C.D., Deschamps, S., Proulx, K., Tu, M., Salzman, C., Woodside, B., Lupien, S., Richard, D., Mother to infant or infant to mother? 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