46 research outputs found
Effect of drought stress and subsequent recovery on protein, carbohydrate contents, catalase and peroxidase activities in three chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars
No full textDrought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of drought stress and subsequent recovery on protein, carbohydrate content, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activities in three varieties of chickpea (drought tolerant Bivaniej and ILC482 and drought sensitive Pirouz). A field experiment with four irrigation regimes was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included control (well-watering), drought stress imposed during the vegetative phase, drought stress imposed during anthesis and drought stress during the vegetative phase and anthesis. Drought stress imposed during vegetative growth or anthesis significantly decreased soluble protein content and increased water soluble carbohydrate concentration. The tolerant variety accumulated more soluble carbohydrate than the sensitive one. Drought stress at flowering stage had significantly higher POX activity compared to than that at vegetative stage. Compared with the stress, there was significantly more soluble protein after exposure to recovery conditions but POX decreased in all three varieties. These results suggest that CAT and POX activities play an essential protective role against drought stress in chickpea. Antioxidants act as a major defense against radical mediated toxicity by protecting the damages caused by free radicals. An increase was observed in POX and CAT activity of three cultivars under stress conditions throughout the experiment. Results showed that POX acts as the major antioxidant enzyme in chickpea leaves under oxidative stress condition. So activity of this enzyme in stress condition can be used as an index for chickpea cultivars tolerance assessment
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The development of smart-bandage technologies
No full textHealthcare associated infections of wound sites are a complex problem with substantial effects on patient morbidity and financial ramifications to healthcare bodies. The increasing interest in novel diagnostic strategies and preventing infections have led to an incursion of research into the topic. Whilst most emphasis has been placed on preventing wound infections, the bacterial flora is an ever present risk to the compromised host. In contrast with the majority of research developing antibacterial smart-dressings, the research detailed within describes the development of in-situ electrochemical sensor assemblies suitable for incorporation within traditional or ‘smart’ wound dressings. Sensor developments have led to prototype construction of a multitude of sensing substrates capable of quantitative analyses for the identification of infection. The key developments contained within highlight both generic and organism-specific sensors which can reliably monitor key chemical components of a wound exudate to allow sampling-free infection diagnostics
Analysis of a putative crtW gene of Myxococcus xanthus
No full textCarotenoids are produced by all photosynthetic organisms and a large number
of bacteria and fungi. They are responsible for a lot of pigmentation in nature, as well
as often playing an essential role in the provision of light protection to cells and as
precursors of vitamin A in higher organisms. Myxobacton is the primary carotenoid
ester generated in the photoresistant bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. It is created
through a complex light-regulated gene expression cascade and acts to protect the
bacteria from blue light and the resultant generation of damaging singlet oxygen
species in the presence of porphyrins. The final stage in its production is a
ketonisation, and the enzyme responsible for this stage was unknown in M. xanthus.
We propose a possible location for the gene encoding such a ketolase, crtW. The
gene is found located within a four-gene operon separate from the other known
carotenoid biosynthetic genes, and appears to have two alternative promoter regions.
The additional genes in the operon were found to encode a putative MutT/Nudix
family hydrolase and a periplasmic, molybdopterin and haeme-dependent
oxidoreductase, YedYZ. It is also shown that crtW transcription is independent of
cell exposure to blue light and that the product is an inner membrane, integral
membrane protein probable ketolase. The evolutionary origins of crtW are considered
in conjunction with a number of other carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes, suggesting
that the gene was one of the last to be acquired by M. xanthus
Isotope mass scaling and transport comparison between JET Deuterium and Tritium L-mode plasmas
No full textThe dimensionless isotope mass scaling experiment between pure Deuterium and pure Tritium plasmas with matched ρ ∗ , ν ∗ , β n , q and T e / T i has been achieved in JET L-mode with dominant electron heating (NBI+ohmic) conditions. 28% higher scaled energy confinement time B t τ E , t h / A is found in favour of the Tritium plasma. This can be cast in the form of the dimensionless energy confinement scaling law as Ω i τ E , t h ∼ A 0.48 ± 0.16 . This significant isotope mass scaling is consequently seen in the scaled one-fluid heat diffusion coefficient A χ e f f / B t which is around 50% lower in the Tritium plasma throughout the whole plasma radius. The isotope mass dependence in the particle transport channel is negligible, supported also by the perturbative particle transport analysis with gas puff modulation. The comparison of the edge particle fuelling or ionisation profiles from the EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations show that the absolute density differences that are necessary for the dimensionless match in the confined plasma dominate over any isotope mass dependencies of particle fuelling and ionization profiles at the plasma edge. Local GENE simulation results indicate a mild anti-gyroBohm effect at ρ t o r = 0.6 and thereby a small isotope mass dependence in favour of Tritium on heat transport and a negligible effect on particle transport. A significant fraction of the isotope scaling and reduced heat transport observed in the Tritium plasma is not captured in the GENE and ASTRA-TGLF-SAT2 simulations by simply changing the isotope mass for the same input profiles.</p
Estudo do mecanismo de ação antiproliferativa e antitumoral de extratos de Casearia sylvestris e de fenilaminonaftoquinonas associadas ou não ao ascorbato de sódio
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Florianópolis, 2014.Casearia sylvestris é uma planta utilizada popularmente no tratamento de tumores. Quinonas tratam-se de compostos que apresentam significativo efeito antitumoral. Evidências indicam que o efeito antineoplásico de quinonas pode ser elevado pela associação destas com o ascorbato de sódio (ASC). Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os mecanismos envolvidos nos efeitos antiproliferativo e antitumoral mediados pelo extrato bruto (EB-ETOH) e frações de Casearia sylvestris, bem como pelas fenilaminonaftoquinonas 7 (Q7) e 9 (Q9) administradas isoladamente ou em associação ao ascorbato de sódio. A análise fitoquímica demonstrou a presença de casearina C na fração clorofórmica (f-CHCl3) e EB-ETOH de C. sylvestris. EB-ETOH e f-CHCl3, apresentaram importante citotoxicidade sobre células MCF-7. Quando administrados em doses subtóxicas (= CI20), EB-ETOH e f-CHCl3 exerceram atividade antiproliferativa sobre células MCF-7, sendo capazes de promover a parada do ciclo celular em G1, devido ao aumento da expressão de p53 e p16, bem como da redução da expressão de CDK2. Além disso, os extratos elevaram a fosforilação de ?H2Ax. EB-ETOH e f-CHCl3 apresentaram significativa atividade antitumoral in vivo em camundongos isogênicos Balb-C portadores do tumor sólido de Ehrlich, reduzindo a razão área da massa tumoral/área do osso em torno de 18 e 40%, respectivamente. Q7 e Q9 mostraram citotoxicidade seletiva sobre células T24, a qual foi potencializada pela associação destes compostos a ASC (CI50 Q7 = 27,1; CI50 Q9 = 44,3; CI50 Q7 + ASC = 14,5; CI50 Q9 + ASC= 16,9 µM). Fenilaminonaftoquinonas (10 µM) isoladas ou associadas à ASC não foram capazes de promover a ativação de caspases e a clivagem da PARP, sugerindo-se que o mecanismo de morte induzido pelas associações trata-se de necrose, visto que ambos tratamentos promoveram lise celular. Q7, Q9, Q7 + ASC e Q9 + ASC reduziram a proliferação de células T24 em torno de 29,7; 3,5; 36,7 e 88,8 %, respectivamente Além disso, fenilaminonaftoquinonas associadas ao ASC modificaram o número de células presentes na fase G2/M e elevaram a atividade da ß-galactosidase ácida, sugerindo que tais tratamentos são capazes de induzir senescência. Os efeitos citotóxico e antiproliferativo promovidos pela associação de fenilaminonaftoquinonas ao ASC envolve modificações na sinalização mediada por MAPKs. Os resultados obtidos permitem sugerir que tanto a associação de fenilaminonaftoquinonas ao ASC, quanto os extratos deC. sylvestris tratam-se de promissores coadjuvantes na terapêutica do câncer quando administrados juntamente a agentes citotóxicos.Abstract : The branches and leafs of Casearia sylvestris tree has medicinal properties comproved through ethnobotanical surveys reporting plant extracts has being used in traditional therapy as first approaches to several conditions, including cancer. Evidences indicate that quinones antineoplastic effect could be raised up through sodium ascorbate association (ASC). Thus, this study aims to evaluate some mechanisms related to in vitro antiproliferative and antitumor effects mediated by C. sylvestris ethanol crude extract (EB-EtOH) and fractions, as well mediated only by synthetic phenylaminonaphthoquinones or co-administered with ASC. EB-EtOH and its chloroformic fraction (f-CHCl3) had casearin C, a clerodane diterpene with chemopreventive activity. Consequently, both extracts showed significant cytotoxicity over MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, using subtoxic concentrations (= IC20), EB - EtOH and f-CHCl3 exerted antiproliferative activity on MCF - 7 cells, being able to promote cell cycle arrest in G1 due to increased expression of p53 and p16, as well as reducing CDK2 expression. Additionally, these extracts were still able to increase the ?H2Ax expression. EB-EtOH and f-CHCl3 had significant in vivo antitumor activity throught Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing Balb-c mice model causing reduction in the ratio tumor over bone area about 18 and 40 %, respectively. On the other hand, synthetic phenylaminonaphthoquinone 7 (Q7) and phenylaminonaphthoquinone 9 (Q9) showed selective cytotoxicity for T24 cells, which enhanced in the ASC presence (IC50 Q7 = 27.1; IC50 Q9 = 44.3; IC50 Q7 + ASC = 14.5; IC50 Q9 + ASC = 16.9 µM). Take into account that both phenylaminonaphthoquinones (10 µM) isolated or associated with ASC were not able to activate caspase 3 or PARP cleavage, ours results suggest that necrosis occurs instead apoptosis as cell death mechanism possible induced by the ASC association, since both treatments showed cytolytic effect. Q7, Q9, Q7 + ASC and Q9 + ASC reducing cell proliferation about 29.7; 3.5; 36.7 and 88.8%, respectively. Besides, phenylaminonaphthoquinones associated with ASC augment G2 / M phase cells and also increase acid ß-galactosidase activity, suggesting senescence induction capability. Moreover, cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects promoted by the ASC association involves changes in MAPK signaling pathways. These results suggest that C. sylvestris extracts and the association between phenylaminonaphthoquinones and ASC are promising adjuvants incancer therapy and could be administered together with conventional quimioterapic agents
Optical and transport properties of polyaniline films
No full textThis thesis presents the results of a comprehensive study on the transport and optical properties of polyaniline (PANI) films. The films are derived by protonation (doping) of the emeraldine base form of polyaniline, as synthesized in Durham, with either 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid (AMPSA) or 10- camphorsulfonic acid. Thus, two distinct PANI systems are obtained: PANI-CSA and PANI-AMPSA. The variation of the doping level can affect the metallic properties of the final system, so that samples close to the boundary as well as samples at either side of a disorder induced metal-insulator can be obtained. The relation between the doping level and the degree of disorder, along with the existence of an inherently metallic behaviour in PANI, are investigated through a series of experiments. Temperature dependent dc conductivity measurements ranging from 10-295 K are performed using a closed loop helium cryostat under dynamic vacuum (~10(^-5) mbar). From the conductivity data curves, typical fingerprints of the metallic behaviour are detected for certain samples and an initial estimate of the degree of disorder is implicitly attained. More specific information regarding the microscopic contributions to the transport mechanisms is obtained via low temperature (down to 1.5 K) magnetocon- ductance measurements on selected samples. The magnetic field dependence of conductivity for fields up to 14 T is measured and the suitability of the localization- interaction model for the understanding of the transport mechanism in PANI is examined. Infrared reflectivity (20-9000 cm(^-1)) measurements on samples of both PANI systems are performed. The experimental configuration permits the determination of the sample’s absolute reflectivity. The optical constants are deduced from Kramers- Kronig analysis of the reflectivity data. Typical features of metallic behaviour are examined and analysed in the context of the localization modified Drude model. The results are shown to be consistent with the transport measurements, indicating that PANI is a disordered metal close to the boundary of a disorder induced metal- insulator transition
Introduction of a 3D global non-linear full-f particle-in-cell model for runaway electrons in JOREK
No full textHerbal Remedies for Combating Irradiation: a Green Antiirradiation Approach
No full textPlants play important roles in human life not only as suppliers of oxygen but also as a fundamental resource to sustain the human race on this earthly plane. Plants also play a major role in our nutrition by converting energy from the sun during photosynthesis. In addition, plants have been used extensively in traditional medicine since time immemorial. Information in the biomedical literature has indicated that many natural herbs have been investigated for their efficacy against lethal irradiation. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that natural herbs possess significant radioprotective activity. In view of the immense medicinal importance of natural product based radioprotective agents, this review aims at compiling all currently available information on radioprotective agents from medicinal plants and herbs, especially the evaluation methods and mechanisms of action. In this review we particularly emphasize on ethnomedicinal uses, botany, phytochemistry, mechanisms of action and toxicology. We also describe modern techniques for evaluating herbal samples as radioprotective agents. The usage of herbal remedies for combating lethal irradiation is a green antiirradiation approach for the betterment of human beings without high cost, side effects and toxicity
Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of non-refined sugarcane alternatives to white sugar
No full text[EN] Antioxidant properties of commercial sugarcane-derived products were analysed to study their suitability for being used as functional ingredients. Cane honey, several jaggeries and several brown sugars were selected from the market and analysed in terms of physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant properties, and compared with white refined sugar (twelve products in total). Moisture, water activity, total soluble solids, pH, colour and sugar profile are reported. As for antioxidant properties, total phenols and flavonoid content, as well as antiradical ability (DPPH. and the TEAC-ABTS methods), are given. All sugarcane products contained phenols and flavonoids and exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity, determined by degree of refining. Among the alternatives analysed, jaggeries and cane honey showed the best antioxidant properties. Thermal treatment did not significantly affect the antioxidant capacity of sugarcane products, especially jaggeries. As sugar-rich products are widely consumed worldwide, the use of non-refined sugarcane derivatives in food formulation is encouraged.The authors would like to acknowledge the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Project PAID2010-2420) and Generalitat Valenciana Government (GV/2013/047) for financial support.Seguí Gil, L.; Calabuig Jiménez, L.; Betoret Valls, N.; Fito Maupoey, P. (2015). Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of non-refined sugarcane alternatives to white sugar. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 50(12):2579-2588. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12926S257925885012Abbas, S. R., Sabir, S. M., Ahmad, S. D., Boligon, A. A., & Athayde, M. L. (2014). Phenolic profile, antioxidant potential and DNA damage protecting activity of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Food Chemistry, 147, 10-16. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.113Amer, S., Na, K.-J., El-Abasy, M., Motobu, M., Koyama, Y., Koge, K., & Hirota, Y. (2004). 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Irradiated Cationic Mesoporphyrin Induces Larger Damage To Isolated Rat Liver Mitochondria Than The Anionic Form
No full textThe action of irradiated cationic Fe(III)TMPyP and anionic Fe(III)TPPS4 forms of mesoporphyrins on mitochondrial functions was investigated using experimental conditions that caused minimal effects on mitochondria in the dark. Treatment of mitochondria with 1 μM Fe(III)TMPyP for 2 min decreased the respiratory control by 3% in the dark and 28% after irradiation. Fe(III)TPPS4 (1 μM) had no significant effect on respiratory control under any of the above conditions. Both porphyrins increased the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species in the presence of Ca2+; however, the effect of Fe(III)TMPyP was significantly stronger. In both cases, this overproduction was associated with membrane lipid peroxidation. It was also observed that the association constant of Fe(III)TMPyP with mitochondria was 11 times higher than that of Fe(III)TPPS4. In conclusion, the damage to isolated mitochondria induced by Fe(III)TMPyP under illumination was larger than by Fe(III)TPPS4, probably because its cationic charge favors association with the mitochondrial membrane. This is supported by the decrease in the association constant of Fe(III)TMPyP with mitochondria in higher salt medium. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.4572217224Peng, Q., Moan, J., Nesland, J.M., (1996) Ultrastruct. Pathol., 20, pp. 109-129Ricchelli, F., Franchi, L., Miotto, G., Borsetto, L., Gobbo, S., Nikolov, P., Bommer, J.C., Reddi, E., (2005) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 37, pp. 306-319Uzdensky, A., Juzeniene, A., Ma, L.W., Moan, J., (2004) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1670, pp. 1-11Atlante, A., Moreno, G., Passarella, S., Salet, C., (1986) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 141, pp. 584-590Chatterjee, S.R., Srivastava, T.S., Kamat, J.P., Devasagayam, T.P., (1997) Mol. Cell Biochem., 166, pp. 25-33Morgan, J., Oseroff, A.R., (2001) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 49, pp. 71-86Woodburn, K.W., Vardaxis, N.J., Hill, J.S., Kaye, A.H., Phillips, D.R., (1991) Photochem. Photobiol., 54, pp. 725-732Dougherty, T.J., Gomer, C.J., Henderson, B.W., Jori, G., Kessel, D., Korbelik, M., Moan, J., Peng, Q., (1998) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 90, pp. 889-905Granville, D.J., Carthy, C.M., Jiang, H., Shore, G.C., McManus, B.M., Hunt, D.W., (1998) FEBS Lett., 437, pp. 5-10Kessel, D., Luo, Y., (1999) Cell Death Differ., 6, pp. 28-35Foote, C.S., (1968) Science, 162, pp. 963-970Lam, M., Oleinick, N.L., Nieminen, A., (2001) J. Biol. Chem., 276, pp. 47379-47386Kasugai, N., Murase, T., Ohse, T., Nagaoka, S., Kawakami, H., Kubota, S., (2002) J. Inorg. Biochem., 91, pp. 349-355Kowaltowski, A.J., Castilho, R.F., Vercesi, A.E., (2001) FEBS Lett., 495, pp. 12-15Gunter, T.E., Pfeiffer, D.R., (1990) Am. J. Physiol., 258, pp. 755-786Crompton, M., Ellinger, H., Costi, A., (1988) Biochem. J., 255, pp. 357-360Valle, V.G., Fagian, M.M., Parentoni, L.S., Meinicke, A.R., Vercesi, A.E., (1993) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 307, pp. 1-7Nepomuceno, M.F., Tabak, M., Vercesi, A.E., (2002) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 34, pp. 41-47Schneider, W.C., Hogeboom, G.H., (1951) Cancer Res., 11, pp. 1-22Kaplan, R.S., Pedersen, P.L., (1983) Biochem. J., 212, pp. 279-288Oliveira, H.C., Cosso, R.G., Alberici, L.C., Maciel, E.N., Salerno, A.G., Dorighello, G.G., Velho, J.A., Vercesi, A.E., (2005) FASEB J., 19, pp. 278-280Garcia-Ruiz, C., Colell, A., Mari, M., Morales, A., Fernandez-Checa, J.C., (1997) J. Biol. Chem., 272, pp. 11369-11377Kamo, N., Muratsugu, M., Hongoh, R., Kobatake, Y., (1979) J. Mem. Biol., 49, pp. 105-121Muratsugu, M., Kamo, N., Kurihara, K., Kobatake, Y., (1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 464, pp. 613-619Jensen, B.D., Gunter, K.K., Gunter, T.E., (1986) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 248, pp. 305-323Buege, J.A., Aust, S.D., (1978) Methods Enzymol., 52, pp. 302-310Nepomuceno, M.F., de Oliveira Mamede, M.E., Vaz de Macedo, D., Alves, A.A., Pereira-da-Silva, L., Tabak, M., (1999) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1418, pp. 285-294Athar, M., Mukhtar, H., Elmets, C.A., Zaim, M.T., Lloyd, J.R., Bickers, D.R., (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 151, pp. 1054-1059(1999) Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, , Halliwell B., and Gutteridge J.M.C. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New YorkCastilho, R.F., Kowaltowski, A.J., Meinicke, A.R., Vercesi, A.E., (1995) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 18, pp. 55-59(1992) Photochemistry of Polypyridine and Porphyrin Complexes, , Kalyanasundaram K. (Ed), Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CAJunqueira, H.C., Severino, D., Dias, L.G., Gugliotti, M.S., Baptista, M.S., (2002) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 4, pp. 2320-2328Murphy, M.P., (1997) Trends Biotechnol., 15, pp. 326-330Oleinick, N.L., Morris, R.L., Belichenko, I., (2002) Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 1, pp. 1-21Wilson, B.C., Olivo, M., Singh, G., (1997) Photochem. Photobiol., 65, pp. 166-176Morris, R.L., Azizuddin, K., Lam, M., Berlin, J., Nieminen, A.L., Kenney, M.E., Samia, A.C., Oleinick, N.L., (2003) Cancer Res., 63, pp. 5194-5197Iverson, S.L., Orrenius, S., (2004) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 423, pp. 37-4
