7 research outputs found
PENGARUH EKSTRAK KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) TERHADAP ENZIM GLUTATION S-TRANSFERASE (GST) PADA SEL KANKER 4T1
No full textEmployee Engagement: Analysis of The Motivation to Stay or Leave The IT Directorate Of Bank Tangguh
Get PDFAbstract. The aim of this study is to identify the factors of employee engagement which influence employees\u27 motivation to stay or leave and to develop a retention strategy for IT employees in Bank Tangguh. After merging with its shareholder, Bank Tangguh has the eighth largest assets in the banking industry in Indonesia. This has enhanced the company\u27s reputation and brand. However, a high rate of IT turnover is still a big challenge for Bank Tangguh Data for this issue are collected using questionnaires and interviews. This study uses the employee engagement model of Fajar & Bangun (2017) and the happiness drivers identified by Hills and Argyle (2002). The employee engagement factors are company brand, leadership, performance, the basics, post-merger drivers, happiness drivers. They are mapped against the engagement behaviors (say, stay, and strive). A normality test and reliability and validity tests are performed to ensure the proper instruments are being used. The results showed that there are three main reasons for employees to stay—performance, post-merger drivers, and the basic—and three main reasons to leave: the basic, performance, and leadership. Based on those findings, the author proposes a strategy to retentain IT employees in Bank Tangguh to reduce the turnover rate.Keywords: Employee engagement, retention, turnover, motivation, banking industryAbstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor keterlibatan karyawan yang mempengaruhi motivasi karyawan untuk tinggal atau pergi dan untuk mengembangkan strategi retensi bagi karyawan IT di Bank Tangguh. Setelah bergabung dengan pemegang sahamnya, Bank Tangguh memiliki aset terbesar kedelapan di industri perbankan di Indonesia. Ini telah meningkatkan reputasi dan merek perusahaan. Namun, tingkat perputaran IT yang tinggi masih menjadi tantangan besar bagi Bank Tangguh. Data pada studi ini didapat melalui kuesioner dan wawancara. Studi ini menggunakan model keterlibatan karyawan Fajar & Bangun (2017) dan happiness drivers yang diidentifikasi oleh Hills and Argyle (2002). Faktor keterlibatan karyawan adalah merek perusahaan, kepemimpinan, kinerja, the basics, post-merger drivers, happiness drivers. Hal tersebut dipetakan terhadap perilaku keterlibatan (berpendapat, menetap, dan meninggalkan). Tes normalitas dan uji reliabilitas serta validitas dilakukan untuk memastikan instrumen yang tepat digunakan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga alasan utama bagi karyawan untuk menetap - kinerja, post-merger drivers, dan the basics - dan tiga alasan utama untuk meninggalkan: the basics, kinerja, dan kepemimpinan. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penulis mengusulkan strategi untuk kembali mempertahankan karyawan IT di Bank Tangguh untuk mengurangi tingkat turnover.Kata kunci: Keterlibatan karyawan, retensi, perputaran, motivasi, industri perbanka
Cinnamomum Essential Oil Prevents DNA Damage-Induced by Doxorubicin on CHO-K1 Cells
Get PDFDNA damage usually happens due to the several chemical materials that induce genotoxic effect in normal cells. Cinnamon essential oil (CEO), which contains cinnamaldehyde as its major compound, has been reported to possess antioxidant activity to prevent DNA damage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of CEO on doxorubicin-induced Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1) cells. The cytotoxic effect of CEO was determined by MTT assay with the parameter of IC50 while the genotoxic effect was carried out by micronucleus (MN) assay by using acridine orange fluorescent staining with the parameter of MN/1000 cells reduction number. Based on MTT assay, CEO showed cytotoxic activity with the IC50 value of 30 μg/ml and for MN assay, 3 μg/ml (1/10 IC50) of CEO decreased the percentage of micronucleus per 1000 cells up to 94,55%. Thus, the result can be summarized that CEO does not induce genotoxic and has the potency to prevent DNA damage caused by doxorubicin on CHO-K1 cells.Keywords: genotoxic, cinnamomum essential oil (CEO), micronuclei assay, in vitr
Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) Extract Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of 4T1 Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells
Get PDFFingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) is an Indonesian herb, with anti-proliferation and anti-migratory effects against several cancer cells. This study aims to investigate the anticancer property of Fingerroot Extract (FE) in combination with doxorubicin (Dox) against 4T1, a metastatic breast cancer cell lines. FE was prepared by 96% ethanol maceration and characterized by thin-layer chromatography analysis. FE was subjected to a cytotoxicity test with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay alone or in combination with 10 nM Dox against 4T1 cells. Cytotoxic effect was then confirmed by measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellular level using 2’,7’-dichloroflourescin diacetate (DCFDA)-staining flow cytometry-based assay. The anti-migratory effect was observed using scratch wound healing assay and gelatin zymography to investigate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression. FE showed a cytotoxic effect with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value of 25.5±3.9 μg/mL and performed an improved effect in combination with 10 nM Dox. A single treatment of FE decreased ROS intracellular level, while in combination with Dox, FE increased the ROS intracellular level. Further, at 42 h observation, FE and its combination with Dox inhibited the migration of 4T1 cells with % closure of 82.6 and 82.5, respectively, correlates with a significant decrease of MMP-9 expression. Overall, FE performs a cytotoxic activity and anti-migration activity on 4T1 breast cancer cells.Keywords: Boesenbergia pandurata, cytotoxic, ROS, anti-migration, 4T1
Employee Engagement: Analysis of The Motivation to Stay or Leave The IT Directorate Of Bank Tangguh
Get PDFAbstract. The aim of this study is to identify the factors of employee engagement which influence employees' motivation to stay or leave and to develop a retention strategy for IT employees in Bank Tangguh. After merging with its shareholder, Bank Tangguh has the eighth largest assets in the banking industry in Indonesia. This has enhanced the company's reputation and brand. However, a high rate of IT turnover is still a big challenge for Bank Tangguh Data for this issue are collected using questionnaires and interviews. This study uses the employee engagement model of Fajar & Bangun (2017) and the happiness drivers identified by Hills and Argyle (2002). The employee engagement factors are company brand, leadership, performance, the basics, post-merger drivers, happiness drivers. They are mapped against the engagement behaviors (say, stay, and strive). A normality test and reliability and validity tests are performed to ensure the proper instruments are being used. The results showed that there are three main reasons for employees to stay—performance, post-merger drivers, and the basic—and three main reasons to leave: the basic, performance, and leadership. Based on those findings, the author proposes a strategy to retentain IT employees in Bank Tangguh to reduce the turnover rate.Keywords: Employee engagement, retention, turnover, motivation, banking industryAbstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor keterlibatan karyawan yang mempengaruhi motivasi karyawan untuk tinggal atau pergi dan untuk mengembangkan strategi retensi bagi karyawan IT di Bank Tangguh. Setelah bergabung dengan pemegang sahamnya, Bank Tangguh memiliki aset terbesar kedelapan di industri perbankan di Indonesia. Ini telah meningkatkan reputasi dan merek perusahaan. Namun, tingkat perputaran IT yang tinggi masih menjadi tantangan besar bagi Bank Tangguh. Data pada studi ini didapat melalui kuesioner dan wawancara. Studi ini menggunakan model keterlibatan karyawan Fajar & Bangun (2017) dan happiness drivers yang diidentifikasi oleh Hills and Argyle (2002). Faktor keterlibatan karyawan adalah merek perusahaan, kepemimpinan, kinerja, the basics, post-merger drivers, happiness drivers. Hal tersebut dipetakan terhadap perilaku keterlibatan (berpendapat, menetap, dan meninggalkan). Tes normalitas dan uji reliabilitas serta validitas dilakukan untuk memastikan instrumen yang tepat digunakan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga alasan utama bagi karyawan untuk menetap - kinerja, post-merger drivers, dan the basics - dan tiga alasan utama untuk meninggalkan: the basics, kinerja, dan kepemimpinan. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penulis mengusulkan strategi untuk kembali mempertahankan karyawan IT di Bank Tangguh untuk mengurangi tingkat turnover.Kata kunci: Keterlibatan karyawan, retensi, perputaran, motivasi, industri perbanka
PENGARUH EKSTRAK KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) TERHADAP ENZIM GLUTATION S-TRANSFERASE (GST) PADA SEL KANKER 4T1
No full textMekanisme untuk menekan aktivitas metabolisme kanker terutama kanker payudara yaitu dengan penghambatan aktivitas enzim Glutation-S-Transferase (GST). GST merupakan superfamili dari kelompok enzim multifungsi yang terlibat dalam detoksifikasi xenobiotik. Salah satu tanaman berpotensi bersifat sitotoksik pada beberapa sel kanker adalah kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi EKS dalam menurunkan ekspresi dan aktivitas GST pada sel 4T1. Profil fitokimia ekstrak kayu secang (EKS) dilihat melalui uji KLT. Selanjutnya, uji in silico molecular docking untuk melihat interaksi senyawa brazilein dan brazilin dalam EKS dengan enzim GST. Pada uji in vitro dilakukan uji sitotoksik dengan metode MTT untuk mendapatkan nilai IC50. Kemudian aktivitas GST dilihat secara spektrofotometri. Dari uji KLT diperoleh profil fitokimia yang sama antara EKS dan senyawa pembanding Brazilein. Sementara uji molecular docking menunjukkan bahwa brazilin dan brazilein memiliki kemampuan untuk mensubstitusi native ligand untuk berikatan dengan enzim GST dengan score docking . Pada uji MTT diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 22 µg/ml yang artinya EKS memiliki potensi sebagai agen kemoprevensi. Pengujian aktivitas GST menunjukkan bahwa EKS meningkatkan kadar GST pada sel kanker 4T1. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan inovasi yang efektif dan spesifik dalam penanganan penyakit kanker payudara.Mekanisme untuk menekan aktivitas metabolisme kanker terutama kanker payudara yaitu dengan penghambatan aktivitas enzim Glutation-S-Transferase (GST). GST merupakan superfamili dari kelompok enzim multifungsi yang terlibat dalam detoksifikasi xenobiotik. Salah satu tanaman berpotensi bersifat sitotoksik pada beberapa sel kanker adalah kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi EKS dalam menurunkan ekspresi dan aktivitas GST pada sel 4T1. Profil fitokimia ekstrak kayu secang (EKS) dilihat melalui uji KLT. Selanjutnya, uji in silico molecular docking untuk melihat interaksi senyawa brazilein dan brazilin dalam EKS dengan enzim GST. Pada uji in vitro dilakukan uji sitotoksik dengan metode MTT untuk mendapatkan nilai IC50. Kemudian aktivitas GST dilihat secara spektrofotometri. Dari uji KLT diperoleh profil fitokimia yang sama antara EKS dan senyawa pembanding Brazilein. Sementara uji molecular docking menunjukkan bahwa brazilin dan brazilein memiliki kemampuan untuk mensubstitusi native ligand untuk berikatan dengan enzim GST dengan score docking . Pada uji MTT diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 22 µg/ml yang artinya EKS memiliki potensi sebagai agen kemoprevensi. Pengujian aktivitas GST menunjukkan bahwa EKS meningkatkan kadar GST pada sel kanker 4T1. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan inovasi yang efektif dan spesifik dalam penanganan penyakit kanker payudara
Plurality In Academic Tradition: The Case of Lecturers? Educational Background at the Graduate School Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta from 1982-2014
No full textThis book initially was a research which is completed and
submitted to the Graduate School Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic
University (UIN) Jakarta, as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Islamic Education.
The idea of the book originated primarily from a reality that
diversity occurs in all educational levels. For the UIN cases, the
phenomena of diversity can be noticed from its academic community;
whether it comes from different social or religious organizations,
educational background, cultural or ethnicity, countries or even
religions. Hence, as a unique institution which produces a distinct
tradition of Islamic studies, the UIN provide lecturers with different
scholarly tradition; either graduated from the Eastern, Western or local
universities.
To that end, I performed a research and focused merely on
lecturers? educational background to understand further how they dealt
with differences, in particular concerning the impact on students? work. I
presumed that lecturers struggled with internal conflicts since the
background has different educational tradition. The Western, Eastern
and local educational traditions have been explored further in this book
chapter to help readers understand these different entities respectively.
By exploring the notion of collaboration which closely related
with conflict resolution, I ended up with a conclusion that the East-West
tension nowadays have been melted, although not entirely. I argued that
lecturers? collaboration not only can be traced through the intrapersonal
or interpersonal aspects. The need to combined those two levels with an
additional aspect, the epistemological dimension; become substantial.
This statement can be verified since the epistemological dimension of
lecturers? educational background becomes the basis on both side to
work collaboratively. This general finding indicated that two salient
factors that support the process of lecturers? collaboration, including
their background as a pesantren graduates and their participation to
promote the Indonesian Islam. By having a team-work, they construct
the idea to promote the moderate culture amid academic community.
With this finding, I reaffirm a general statement which declared the
Graduate School UIN Jakarta as a smelting place. My hope that these
findings will give a positive contribution on discussion toward research
on East-West relationship, diversity and equity, lecturers? collaboration,
and professional communities. In view of that, I realized that this research to some degree is a
collaboration of so many people whom I cannot mention their names one
by one proportionally in this acknowledgment. For this reason, I would
like to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to all of people who have
assisted me in completing my study and in particular in finishing this
research.
First of all, I would like express my deepest gratitude to the
Graduate School, which delivers to the Rector of UIN Jakarta, Prof. Dr.
Dede Rosyada, MA; the Director of the Graduate School, Prof. Masykuri
Abdillah, MA; and to both Chairpersons of Doctoral and Master degree,
Prof. Didin Saepudin, MA and JM Muslimin, PhD. My deepest gratitude
also delivers to my thesis supervisor, Prof. Dr. Komaruddin Hidayat, MA
whose sharp criticism and insightful comments have made this work
much better that I could predict before. The choice of the Graduate
School as the focus of this study also owes much to his constructive
comments on my earlier proposal. Thanks to share the idea and
encourage me during every phase of my study.
My deepest appreciation also goes to all my lecturers who have
shared their knowledge and experiences during their lectures and
personal conversation with me. I owe much to Prof. Dr. Azyumardi Azra,
MA; Prof. Suwito, MA; Prof. Iik Arifin Mansurnoor, MA; Prof. M. Atho
Mudzhar, MSPD; Prof. Huzaemah Tahido Yanggo, MA; Prof. Yunan
Yusuf, MA; Prof. Zainun Kamaluddin Fakih, MA; Prof. Abuddin Nata,
MA; Prof. Abdul Mujib, MA; Prof. Murodi, MA; Fuad Jabali, PhD;
Yusuf Rahman, PhD; Muhammad Zuhdi, PhD; Dr. Abd. Chair; Ahmad
Luthfi Fathullah, MA; Asep Saepudin Jahar, PhD; Ayang Utriza Yakin,
PhD; Ahmad Dardiri, MA; Suparto, PhD; Usep Abdul Matin, PhD; Dr.
Gazi, MA. I also like to extend my gratitude to Prof. Quraish Shihab,
MA; Prof. A. Malik Fadjar, MA; Prof. Ahmad Aziz Dahlan, MA; Prof.
Zaitunah Subhan, MA; Prof. Yunasril Ali, MA; Prof. Nasaruddin Umar,
MA; Prof. Husni Rahim, MA; Bambang Suryadi, PhD; Yeni Ratna
Yuningsih, PhD; Nurlena Rifa?i, PhD; Didin Syafrudin, PhD; Din Wahid,
PhD; Ali Munhanif, PhD; and other lecturers. Their patience, feedback,
and comments were remarkable in guiding my study. To have had the
opportunity to learn from each of them is my privilege.
My deepest gratitude also goes to Dr. Shirley Baker from Alliant
University, California, USA; Prof. Dr. Margareth Gfrerer from DAAD
Scholarship Program, Germany; and Prof. Andi Faisal Bakti, MA; who
taught me the way to create a good academic writing. Although in this
study the author is still a beginner, yet this thesis become the first work
which developed in English language. I am grateful to them for allow me to join in their classes as a Master student representative among the
Doctoral candidates of the Graduate School in which I learned so much.
In addition, I would like to give my sincere thanks and
appreciation to PPIM UIN Jakarta. Special thanks deliver to the
directors: Saiful Umam, PhD; Dadi Darmadi, PhD; and Ismatu Ropi,
PhD; who provide lots of events related with the research on Islamic
Studies, such as seminars, conferences and even references in which I
collected the materials needed for writing this thesis. Other thankfulness
delivers to STFI Sadra with similar events in Islamic philosophy. Special
thanks go to Pak Dani Nur Fajar and Kak Rintis Mulya; who always
inform and delivers invitations for those events. By participating those
events I gain lots of information to enhance my knowledge in Islamic
studies.
Not less importantly, I also owe much to Bu Zulfa Indira
Wahyuni, M.Psi; as the secretary of my thesis supervisor. Thanks for
facilitate and arrange schedules for my meeting with the professor. I also
owe much to the Research Library of the Graduate School, from which I
collected the materials needed for writing this thesis. Special thanks to
Bu Alfida, Pak Imron and Mas Rofiq. Furthermore, the completion of
this study would not be possible without support and help from members
of the Graduate School. I am really indebted to Mas Arief, Mas Adam,
Kak Vhemmy, Kak Ima, Kak Nisa, Kak Haula Noor, Kak Windy, Pak
Nanang, Mas Jayadi, Mas Ikin, Mas Tony, Pak Anin, Mpok Siti, Pak
Rodian, Pak Muhali, Pak Opih, Pak Teguh, Pak Zul, Pak Nisan, Pak
Odang, Pak Rojalih (alm.), and other members of the Graduate School.
My gratitude goes next to Yayasan Al-Mas?udiyah, Sukabumi. I
would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the asa>ti>dh and santris
at the Pesantren Miftahul Huda Al-Mas?udiyah, Rindu Alam, Sukabumi.
A place where I was raised and educated with the religious sciences. A
place with a tranquility which stimulate me to learn more about ad-di>n
and pursue further for a higher degree in learning. My deepest gratitude
delivers to Abah Didi (KH. Syeikh Ibnu Mas?ud Rd. Didi Djajadinata);
Drs. Ade Suwardi Mufti Al-Huda; Ibu Hetty Munigar; H. Abdulrohman;
Drs. KH. Mustafidin Ahmad; Ust. H. Abdul Madjid, SM, MM.Pd (alm.);
Ust. H. Rahmat Saleh, S.Ag.
In particular, to my former college, STAI Al-Mas?udiyah; as a
place for me to express my notion in which I dedicated with. The
completion of this study would not be possible without the support from
the member of this institution. I would like to express my sincere
appreciation and thanks to Ust. H. Ahmad Bisri Musthafa, MA; Ust. Dr.
Ahmad Izzan, MA; Ust. Ade Djuanda, M.Ag (alm.); Ust. Drs. Soheh Abdurahman, M.Pd; Ibu Euis Andriani, M.Pd; Ust. Hoerudin, MA; Ust.
Zarqoni Heryanto, SE; Ust. Ariza Ajiwinata, SHI; Umi Khaeratunnisak,
S.Ag; Ust. Yudi Ruswandi, S.Pd.I; Ust. Asep Rijwan Suhendi, S.Pd.I;
Ust. Entis Sutisna, SHI; and other academic staff and lecturers. Other
thankfulness also delivers to Pesantren Al-Bayyinah, Muara Sanding,
Garut; as the first place at Indonesia that introduced to my family and
stayed before transferal to Sukabumi. My deepest gratitude delivers to
Abah Anwar (KH. Anwar Musaddad); Abah Yusuf (KH. Yusuf
Tauzirie); and to their family KH. Cecep Abdul Halim, Lc and Ibu Hj.
Lilis Nurjanah. My gratitude also delivers to Jemaah Salam Singapore
and Jemaah Al-Kautsar Batam; specially for mama Haslinda, uncle
Jailani, uncle Hamzah, uncle Jamaludin, and to all jemaahs. Thanks to
become my family in this world and the next. Their support and pray
from the beginning to the end of my study was extraordinary.
My thanks also deliver to my tutors and friends in the foreign
languages: to Mr. Harris, Herr Sonny, Yusuf Altuntas abi, Ibrahim
Terzioglu abi, Mr. Arthur Gubaydullin, Monsieur Abdelaziz Abbaci, Mr.
Abo Bakr Chalifa Amtar Ali, Simona Sienkiewicz, Jameela Musorma,
Farzona Saidova, Siti Maleekah, Siti Jannah. To my classmates, from the
Doctoral candidates in the year 2014/2015: Bu Rosdiana, Bu Rubiyanah,
Bu Yuke, Bu Suryani, Bu Nikmah, Bu Husnul, Bu Nisa, Bu Yanti, Pak
Mahmud, Pak Ayyub, Pak Hanafi, Pak Farhan, Pak Marsaid, Pak
Fauzani, Pak Afwan, Ust. Azmi, Pak Yoyo, Pak Udin, Pak Isa, Pak
Uksan, Ust. Istikhori, Pak Yusri, Pak Wari, Pak Pendeta (Hannas), Pak
Budi, Pak Fauzani, Pak Asep, Pak Syam, Pak Ayatullah, Pak Mujahid,
Pak Iman, Pak Julian, Dahrul Abi, Mas Sofi, Abg Zakaria, Abg
Zulfarizal. To my classmates from Master candidates in the year
2014/2015: Liana, Nurul, Mbk Izzah, Meta, Bu Zuraida, Bu Junaidah,
Zulfa, Arliana, Kak Khalilah, Syifa Abla, Mbk Yuni, Abg Sahlan, Abg
Amir, Abg Akmal, Bro Oka, Bro Nawir, Bro Tamam, Abg Harahap, Bro
Alwi, Bro Fauzan, Ust. Hizbullah, Bro Fawzi, Ust. Atho, Ust. Yunal,
Ust. Daud, A Anwar, A Komar, Bg Afif, Ust. Aziz, Bg Alfiandri, Bg
Zulkifli, Bro Imam, Ust. Sirojuddin, Bg Luthfi, Ust. Anang, and the
others. To my friends in the women quite room (WQR): Bu Nurlaila, Bu
Ainal, Bu Fadhlina, Bu Ida Musdafia, Kak Deffi, Unni Yeni, Kak Roza,
Bu Wulan, Kak Rifqy, Mutiara. Also other friends whom I recognized:
Pak Ali Halidin, Pak Idrianto Faishal, Pak Paulus Tasik Galle, Pak
Appriliantoni, Pak Daminto, Pak Yahya Agil, Pak Saparudin, Mas Adzan
Noor, Bu Any Widayatsari, Kak Wina Tresna Rahayu, Bu Umi Kulsum,
Bu Nuraini, Kak Ngainurrahmah, Abg Zain, Bro Yudril, Bro Fadhil, Bro
Hafidz, A Sansan, Mas Ainun, Kak Dewi Sutrisna, Kak Sonia, Abg Ikhwan, Bg Iwan, Bro Rof?il, Abg Mas?adi, Teh Rika, Vhya, Hasna, A
Fahmi, Bu Ipah, Bro Rama, Bro Adit, Mas Adeni, and other friends
whom I cannot mention their names one by one proportionally. Special
thanks to all of them who has helped me differently formulate my ideas
and enjoy the difficult time I had to face during the completion of my
study in Jakarta.
Not less importantly, also to those who act as my teacher and
friends: Pak Mu?min, Ust. Anshor, Pak Umar, Mr. Iksan, Pak Irawan,
Pak Hasan, Pak Zulfis, Pak Umar Syam, Pak Irvani, Pak Amir, Pak Asep
Saepulloh, Romo Gregorius Soetomo, Abg Irham; whose valuable
criticism and comments have helped me shape the focus of my study.
Also to Buya Ihsan Ahmad and to my Libyan friend?s, Bro Othman
Eltalis; who helped me to read and retranslate by using an appropriate
Arabic language for the abstract of this thesis. Thanks for taking the
time amid the bustle of activities. Thanks for the kindness and
encouragement.
To the one and my only sister, Masayu Fatimah Azzahrah Bte
Masagos Zainudin, I owe you many things for your sincere support and
help during the completion of this study. Thanks for having a great
discussion about our study while keep on accompany my loneliness in
Jakarta. Thanks to become the best sister and I promise to spend my
time more with you again after finishing the writing.
Above all, my deepest respect and gratitude go to my big family
at Singapore, the family of Masagos and Ibrahim. The most importantly
to my parent, Masagos Zainudin Bin Masagos Mohamad and Selina Bte
Ibrahim who always motivate with their loves and pray for my life. Their
decision to put me and my sister to learn and lives more at Sukabumi is
the best selection to gain more worthy life provision. Both affection for
us is one of the sublime realities of worldly life, therefore, filial gratitude
to them is a most urgent and tireless duty. Thanks for sacrifice your life
for both of us. Jazakalla>h ah}san al-jaza>?!
All praise is due to the Lord, the Almighty, who gives the
breath, the strength ? in truth everything ? to this humble servant. He
indeed, who taught me and assisted me in this life journey.
Alh}amdulilla>hi h}amdan kathi>ra>
