124,771 research outputs found
Esping-Andersen, G. and M. Regini (2000) 'Why deregulate labour markets?
No full textReview article: Esping-Andersen, G. and Regini, M. (eds) (2000) Why Deregulate Labour Markets
Is Fertility Influenced by Couple Instability?
No full textAs we saw in Chapter 1, research on family behavioral change has been dominated by two theoretical frameworks, namely Gary Becker’s neoclassical economic approach and the 2nd Demographic Transition thesis. For very different reasons, both envisage that gender convergence in terms of employment and life-long careers will promote greater couple instability, weaker commitments to partnerships, and a drop in fertility.
The evidence has appeared to support these arguments quite well, but only up to a certain point. A number of countries have, over the past decades, experienced a radical u-turn in terms of marital stability and fertility. And most interestingly, these are the very same countries that boast the greatest degree of gender convergence in terms of earnings and employment. This turn-about suggests that we need to re-theorize longer run trends
The good, the bad, and the ugly: Esping-Andersen's regime typology and the religious roots of the Western welfare state
No full textEsping-Andersen's 'Three World of Welfare Capitalism' has been the most influential contribution of recent years to the comparative welfare state research literature. According to Esping-Andersen, the welfare state basically comes in three variants: as a social-democratic, a conservative, or as a liberal regime. Yet, at a closer look particularly the conservative regime type proves to be a highly problematic category. The article claims that major problems of the 'three worlds'-typology originate from Esping-Andersen's sole focus on the class conflict, whereas he only very selectively accounts for the importance of religious cleavages. Major empirical problems of his approach vanish once we take into account not only the impact of the Catholic social doctrine on the development of the welfare state, but consider also the influence of social Protestantism, especially that of reformed, 'free', disestablished or dissenting Protestantism. The paper substantiates this claim with data-analysis for the early formative period of welfare state formation (1890-1920) and for its times of growth and crisis (1960s-1990). -- Folgt man dem einflussreichsten Beitrag zur vergleichenden Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung der letzten Zeit, Esping-Andersens 'Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism', so tritt der entwickelte westliche Sozialstaat in drei Varianten auf: entweder als sozialdemokratisches, oder als konservatives, oder als liberales Wohlfahrtsstaatsregime. Ein genauerer Blick zeigt jedoch, dass Esping-Andersens Typenbildung und Länderzuordnungen insbesondere im Fall des konservativen Regimes problematisch sind. In diesem Papier argumentiere ich, dass gravierende Probleme daherrühren, dass seine Theorie vornehmlich den Klassenkonflikt, nur sehr selektiv aber den Einfluss konfessioneller Faktoren in den Blick nimmt. Wesentliche empirische Unstimmigkeiten seines Ansatzes lassen sich lösen, wenn man neben der Bedeutung der katholischen Soziallehre für den institutionellen Entwicklungspfad des entwickelten Wohlfahrtsstaates auch den Einfluss des Protestantismus, und hier insbesondere den Einfluss der reformierten protestantischen Strömungen, in den Blick nimmt. Der Beitrag zeigt dies mit vergleichenden Daten sowohl für die Frühphase (1890-1920) als auch für die Hochzeit des entwickelten Wohlfahrtsstaats (1960-1990).
Les leçons du Professeur Esping-Andersen
No full textNote critique parue sur le site nonfiction.fr, à propos de "Esping-Andersen G. (avec Bruno Palier), Trois leçons sur l'Etat-providence, Paris, Seuil/La République des idées, 2008, 137 p.
Les leçons du Professeur Esping-Andersen
No full textNote critique parue sur le site nonfiction.fr, à propos de "Esping-Andersen G. (avec Bruno Palier), Trois leçons sur l'Etat-providence, Paris, Seuil/La République des idées, 2008, 137 p.
When equity matters for marital stability: Comparing German and U.S. couples
No full textComparing West Germany and the U.S., we analyze the association between equity—in terms of the relative gender division of paid and unpaid work hours—and the risk of marriage dissolution. Our aim is to identify under what conditions equity influences couple stability. We apply event-history analysis to marriage histories using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for West Germany and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the U.S. for the period 1986–2009/10. For the U.S., we find that deviation from equity is particularly destabilizing when the wife underbenefits, especially when both partners’ paid work hours are similar. In West Germany, equity is less salient. Instead, we find that the male breadwinner model remains the single most stable couple arrangement
Gendered Time Allocation and Divorce: A Longitudinal Analysis of German and American Couples
No full textObjective: To examine the association between divorce and partners' allocation of paid and unpaid work, and change over a few key decades in both West Germany and the United States. Background: Past research has indicated that partner similarity in time spent on both paid and unpaid work is associated with a higher risk of marital dissolution. We explore whether the association between paid work disparities and divorce or between unpaid work disparities and divorce changed across time or differed between two cultures. Method: Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the United States and the German Socio-Economic Panel for West Germany from the mid-1980s until the end of the 2000s, we conducted event history analyses. Results: Over time, the risk of divorce declined among couples with a more similar division of labor. In parallel, the relative stability of marriages adhering to a dissimilar pattern of unpaid work decreased in Western Germany. Conclusion: These results contrast with the predictions of a static normative perspective, but they are consistent with the multiple equilibrium theory, which predicts that divorce risks will decline in tandem with the embrace of more gender similarity in couple arrangements. Thus, evidence suggests that as societies evolve toward greater gender similarity in the division of paid and unpaid work, marital stability will likely improve. Implications: Preventive intervention approaches promoting new forms of organization in the division of work between partners may be useful in the quest for improved marital relations and well-being
Never partnered: A multilevel analysis of lifelong singlehood
No full textBackground: Lifelong singlehood is a comparatively rare demographic phenomenon, averaging about 5Š across the European Union. However, levels of lifelong singlehood vary greatly between countries in Europe. What explains this variation? Our main thesis is that it reflects the prevailing norms regarding gender roles. We hypothesize that in societies that have not adapted to women's new roles there will be a greater propensity toward lifelong singlehood, especially among highly educated women. Objective: We analyze the link between levels of gender egalitarianism and the probability of lifelong singlehood, both overall and by educational attainment. Methods: We apply multilevel modeling to European Social Survey (ESS) and European Values Study (EVS) data collected between 2002 and 2014. We focus on differences in nonpartnering across levels of education. We run separate models for men and women. Results: In support of our hypothesis, our analysis reveals an inverse U-shaped relationship between levels of gender equity and the likelihood of lifelong singlehood for women. The association is particularly marked for more highly educated women, while it is linear for low-educated men. Conclusions: Our results suggest that high levels of singlehood are concentrated very much within those societies where traditional gender values have waned but gender egalitarianism remains poorly diffused. Where gender egalitarianism has become normatively dominant, we find higher levels of partnering for better-educated women and for low-educated men. Contribution: Our study contributes to the limited research on singlehood as well as to the growing body of literature on the demographic consequences of the ongoing revolution in women's roles
How Do Changes in Gender Role Attitudes Towards Female Employment Influence Fertility? A Macro-Level Analysis
No full textThis study explores whether the diffusion of gender-equitable attitudes towards female employment is associated with fertility. We argue that any positive effect on fertility requires not only high levels of gender-equitable attitudes overall, but also attitude convergence between men and women. We analyse 27 countries using data from the World Values Surveys and European Values Studies. We find support for a U-shaped relationship between changes in gender role attitudes and fertility: an initial drop in fertility is observed as countries move from a traditional to a more gender-symmetric model. Beyond a certain threshold, additional increases in gender egalitarianism become positively associated with fertility. This curvi-linear relationship is moderated by the difference in attitudes between men and women: when there is more agreement, changes are more rapid and the effect of gender egalitarian attitudes on fertility strengthens
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