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Mazosia byssoidea Lebreton & Ertz 2024, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Mazosia byssoidea</i> Lebreton & Ertz, sp. nov. (Fig. 4) <p> Differing from all species of <i>Mazosia</i> by the combination of a distinct byssoid thallus, 1-septate ascospores, stipitate pycnidia and by the production of roccellic acid as a major secondary metabolite.</p> <p> HOLOTYPE. — <b>Guadeloupe</b>. Sainte-Rose municipality, forest managed by the Office national des forêts, hiking trail from Sofaïa to Saut des Trois Cornes, on the banks of the moustique river, 16°17’9.179”N, 61°43’34.374”W, 200-300 m elevation, riparian tropical rainforest, on tree, 03.IV.2023, <i>Elise Lebreton 2311</i> (holo-, PC[PC0779827]; GenBank [OR733354, OR725979, OR725977]).</p> <p> ISOTYPE. — <b>Guadeloupe</b>. Sainte-Rose municipality, forest managed by the Office national des forêts, hiking trail from Sofaïa to Saut des Trois Cornes, on the banks of the moustique river, 16°17’9.179”N, 61°43’34.374”W, 200-300 m elevation, riparian tropical rainforest, on tree, 03.IV.2023, <i>Elise Lebreton 2311</i> (iso-, BR [BR 5030170788830]).</p> <p> PARATYPE. — <b>Guadeloupe</b>. Sainte-Rose municipality, forest managed by the Office national des forêts, hiking trail from Sofaïa to Saut des Trois Cornes, 16°17’13.463”N, 61°43’33.146”W, 200-300 m elevation, dense tropical rainforest, on tree, 03.IV.2023, <i>Elise Lebreton 2310</i> (para-, GUAD, LG[PSA10A-18060]; GenBank [OR733353, OR725976]); ibid., 29.I.2022, <i>Elise Lebreton 1618</i> (para-, GUAD, LG[IMV00A-14517]).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet is derived from the structure of the thallus that is distinctly byssoid.</p> <p> CHEMISTRY. — Thallus surface, medulla and lower side of thallus and pycnidia K–, C–, KC–, PD–, UV–. TLC (solvent A): roccellic acid (major) (specimens <i>Lebreton 2310</i> and <i>Lebreton 2311</i> tested).</p> <p> DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — So far known only from Guadeloupe (Basse-Terre island) in the Lesser Antilles, where it inhabits a dense humid forest or riparian forest managed by the Office national des forêts. It is only known from two large trees. The holotype (<i>Lebreton 2311</i>) was found on the riverbank, on a tree that was sparsely colonized by the lichen. The paratypes (<i>Lebreton 1618</i>, <i>Lebreton 2310</i>) were collected on the second tree, in 2022 and 2023 respectively (Fig. 1). This tree was on the hiking trail and the trunk was abundantly covered with <i>M. byssoidea</i> Lebreton & Ertz, sp. nov. but only a few thalli had apothecia. <i>Mazosia byssoidea</i> Lebreton & Ertz, sp. nov. is clearly rare and the current populations should be protected and monitored in the future. The locality is not included in the National Park and should therefore be included in a natural reserve. The species should be searched for elsewhere in Guadeloupe and the Caribbean islands to better access its conservation status.</p> <p>MYCOBANK. — MB850668.</p> DESCRIPTION <p> Thallus up to <i>c</i>. 5 cm in diam., loosely attached to the substrate, byssoid, smooth, rarely sparsely squamulose, effuse, pale olive-grey, matt, ecorticate, esorediate, heteromerous, <i>c</i>. 150 µm thick. Prothallus poorly differentiated, byssoid, white to dark brownish, sometimes white with a dark brownish margin.Photobiont layer forming the upper part of the thallus; photobiont trentepohlioid, in chains, formed of rounded to elongate, 9-22×8-15 µm cells. Medulla thick, white, I+ pale orange, KI+ pale orange, formed of 2-3 µm wide hyphae, with numerous crystals of calcium oxalate (H2SO4), 1-7(-10) µm diam. Hypothallus loosely byssoid, thin and discontinuous, dark brown to blackish, formed of (2.5-)3-4 µm wide dark brown hyphae; hypothallus free areas on the lower thallus surface whitish, rarely pale cream. Ascomata apothecioid, sessile, often distinctly constricted at the base, rounded, single, not forming stromatic aggregates, sparsely distributed on the thallus, 0.33-0.85 mm diam. (n = 24); margin prominent, of the same colour of the thallus, smooth, (90-)150-210 µm thick, epruinose; hymenial disc black, covered by a very thin layer of whitish hairs; hairs straight, vertical, <i>c</i>. 10-13 ×2-3 µm. Excipulum inconspicuous. Hymenium clear, hyaline to pale fawn, 60-90 µm tall, I+ pale reddish brown, KI+ pale blue; epihymenium pale brown to orange, K–, I+ pale reddish brown, KI+ pale blue. Paraphysoids branched-anastomosing, <i>c</i>. 2 µm</p> <p> thick, often slightly enlarged in epihymenium (<i>c</i>. 3 µm) and forming straight hyaline hairs on the surface of the hymenial disc. Hypothecium dark brown, thick, not extending to the substrate, 75-100 µm thick, I–, K+ olivaceous. Ascus 8-spored, narrowly clavate, 54-65 × 12-15 µm (n =5), with a tiny but often poorly developed ocular chamber; endoascus I+ reddish, KI+ pale blue with a KI+ dark blue apical ring. Ascospores hyaline, ±fusiform or narrowly ovoid, with the upper half often slightly wider, 1-septate, not constricted at the septum, with the cells equal or one slightly longer, I+ pale yellowish, (13-)13.6-16.6(-19) × (4-)4.2-5(-5) µm (n = 25); gelatinous sheath sometimes visible, <i>c</i>. 0.5-0.8 µm thick. Pycnidia single, very rarely grouped by two, sparsely distributed on the thallus, straight, stipitate, cylindrical or slightly wider at the base or at the half upper part, not or slightly constricted at the base, unbranched, whitish or of the same colour as the thallus except for the top that is pale greyish and with the ostiole visible as a tiny black dot, epruinose, (0.39-)0.45- 0.75(-0.89) × (0.19-)0.23-0.3(-0.33) mm (n = 24); wall in section pale brown to orange, K+ olivaceous, surrounded by a thick white medulla layer with trentepohlioid photobiont present near the surface; conidiogenous cells unbranched, straight, hyaline, 6-8×2-2.5 µm; conidia hyaline, non-septate, fusiform-ellipsoid, 5.5-7×2.5-3 µm (n =20).</p> NOTES <p> The new species is unique within the genus <i>Mazosia</i> by its byssoid thallus. All other species in the genus have a compact thallus. Some species produce a pilose thallus such as <i>Mazosia pilosa</i> Kalb &Vězda and <i>M. weii</i> Z.T. Yao, S.H.Jiang & Z.F.Jia, or a tomentum such as <i>M. tomentifera</i> Vězda & Lumbsch (see Yao <i>et al.</i> 2021b for a key to species of <i>Mazosia</i> with pilose thalli). These hairs like structures are developed from compact</p> <p> thalli, which are very different from the loosely arranged filamentous structure of a byssoid thallus. All these pilose species also differ notably by their foliicolous habit and usually more septate ascospores (Kalb & Vězda 1988; Lumbsch & Vězda 1990; Lücking 2006; Yao <i>et al.</i> 2021b). Besides <i>M. byssoidea</i> Lebreton & Ertz, sp. nov., only two other species of <i>Mazosia</i> produce 1-septate mature ascospores: the lichenized <i>M. uniseptata</i> Lücking and the lichenicolous <i>M. adelphoparasitica</i>, which both are species confined to leaves of vascular plants (Matzer 1996; Lücking 2006).</p> <p> <i>Mazosia byssoidea</i> Lebreton & Ertz, sp. nov. differs from other taxa of Roccellaceae having a byssoid thalli by the combination of apothecioid ascomata not forming stromatic structures, 1-septate ascospores, stipitate pycnidia and a chemistry with roccellic acid.Among the byssoid Roccellaceae, the new species is most similar to the genus <i>Tania</i> Egea, Torrente & Sipman, but species of this genus differ by a chemistry with schizopeltic acid and by 3-5-septate ascospores (Egea <i>et al.</i> 1995; Harada & Yamamoto 2006). Species of the genus <i>Sagenidiopsis</i> R.W.Rogers & Hafellner differ by 3-septate ascospores, different secondary metabolites (e.g. Rogers & Hafellner 1987; Egea <i>et al.</i> 1995) and only a distantly phylogenetic position (Fig. 2). Species of the genera <i>Dichosporidium</i> and <i>Streimannia</i> G.Thor differ by perithecioid ascomata aggregated in stromalike structures (Thor 1990; Egea <i>et al.</i> 1995).</p> <p> The new species is also reminiscent of the monotypic genus <i>Catarraphia</i> A.Massal. that also has a thallus loosely attached to the substrate and apothecioid ascomata. However, <i>Catarraphia</i> differs from the new species by a corticate thallus; ascomata entirely (including margins) covered by a whitish or bluish pruina; an excipulum made of hyaline hyphae that are densely aggregated, arranged in an anticlinal manner and completely masked by brown granules that dissolve in K; paraphysoids that are gelatinized in the lower half; 3(-4)-septate ascospores having mucilaginous attenuated appendages at both ends; and a more complex chemistry with cyclographin (Elix <i>et al.</i> 1995) and several unidentified substances that are visible under UV light on the TLC plates and show a light yellow color after developing with sulfuric acid (Egea & Torrente 1993; Egea <i>et al.</i> 1996). Moreover, its single species, <i>C. dictyoplaca</i> (Mont. & Bosch) A.Massal., is only known from the eastern Paleotropics and Melanesia (Egea <i>et al.</i> 1996).</p> <p> Because the thallus is unusual for a species of <i>Mazosia</i> and reminiscent of the thalli of some Arthoniales growing in Guadeloupe such as <i>Dichosporidium nigrocinctum</i> (Ehrenb.) G.Thor, we wondered whether the ascomata of the new species might represent a lichenicolous fungus growing on the thallus of a second sterile species, in particular as a lichenicolous species (<i>M. adelphoparasitica</i>) is already known in the genus. In order to test this hypothesis, some of the sequences used in this study were produced by direct PCRs using a few thallus hyphae only taken far from the ascomata (see Methods). These sequences supported a placement in <i>Mazosia</i>. Moreover, no necrotic areas were observed around the ascomata and the chemistry of the thallus is different from <i>D. nigrocinctum</i> that always produces protocetraric acid and pycnidia that are not stipitate (Thor 1990). For these reasons, we are convinced that the new species is a lichenized <i>Mazosia</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Ertz, Damien & Lebreton, Élise, 2024, A new corticolous species of Mazosia A. Massal. (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) from Guadeloupe, remarkable by its byssoid thallus, pp. 1-10 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (1)</i> on pages 4-8, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamiemycologie2024v45a1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10493101">http://zenodo.org/record/10493101</a>
Thelopsis challenges the generic circumscription in the Gyalectaceae and brings new insights to the taxonomy of Ramonia
No full textInternational audienceThe genus Thelopsis was classified in the family Stictidaceae but its systematic position has never been investigated by molecular methods. In order to determine its family placement and to test its monophyly, fungal DNA of recent collections of Thelopsis specimens was sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU, RPB2 and mtSSU sequences reveal that members of Thelopsis form a monophyletic group within the genus Gyalecta as currently accepted. The placement of Thelopsis, including the generic type T. rubella, within the genus Gyalecta challenges the generic circumscription of this group because Thelopsis is well recognized by the combination of morphological characters: perithecioid ascomata, well-developed periphysoids, polysporous asci and small, few-septate ellipsoid-oblong ascospores. The sterile sorediate Opegrapha corticola is also placed in the Gyalectaceae as sister species to Thelopsis byssoidea + T. rubella. Ascomata of O. corticola are illustrated for the first time and support its placement in the genus Thelopsis. The hypothesis that O. corticola might represent the sorediate fertile morph of T. rubella is not confirmed because the species is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct. Thelopsis is recovered as polyphyletic, with T. melathelia being placed as sister species to Ramonia. The new combinations Thelopsis corticola (Coppins P. James) Sanderson Ertz comb. nov. and Ramonia melathelia (Nyl.) Ertz comb. nov. are introduced and a new species of Gyalecta, G. amsterdamensis Ertz, is described from Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands, characterized by a sterile thallus with discrete soralia. Petractis luetkemuelleri and P. nodispora are accommodated in the new genus Neopetractis, differing from the generic type (P. clausa) by having a different phylogenetic position and a different photobiont. Francisrosea bicolor Ertz Sanderson gen. sp. nov. is described for a sterile sorediate lichen somewhat similar to Opegrapha corticola but having an isolated phylogenetic position as sister to a clade including Gyalidea praetermissa and the genera Neopetractis and Ramonia. Gyalecta farlowii, G. nidarosiensis and G. carneola are placed in a molecular phylogeny for the first time. The taxonomic significance of morphological characters in Gyalectaceae is discussed. Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British Lichen Society
Ostropomyces Thiyagaraja, Lucking, Ertz & K. D. Hyde 2021
No full textOstropomyces Thiyagaraja, Lücking, Ertz & K.D. Hyde, 2021 Ostropomyces was introduced by Thiyagaraja et al. (2021), and the genus has two saprobic members, with O. pruinosellus as the type species. The sexual morph of this genus is characterized by immersed fruiting bodies with long-cylindrical, 4-spored asci and filiform, multi-septate ascospores. The asexual morph is characterized by erumpent pycnidia with ostioles, and filiform conidia which are hyaline, and guttulate at maturity.Published as part of Lu, Li, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Xu, Jianchu, Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Lumyong, Saisamorn & Hyde, Kevin D., 2021, Taxonomic and phylogenic appraisal of a novel species and a new record of Stictidaceae from coffee in Yunnan Province, China, pp. 111-124 in Phytotaxa 528 (2) on page 118, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/577871
Den i den gandske Verden bekiendte Ertz-Sort-Konstner, og Trold-Karl D. Johan Faust, og Hans med Diaevelen oprettede Forbund ... / af en christelig Meenende. [Oversat af det Tydske Sprog ved N. F. B.]
No full textDEN I DEN GANDSKE VERDEN BEKIENDTE ERTZ-SORT-KONSTNER, OG TROLD-KARL D. JOHAN FAUST, OG HANS MED DIAEVELEN OPRETTEDE FORBUND ... / AF EN CHRISTELIG MEENENDE. [OVERSAT AF DET TYDSKE SPROG VED N. F. B.]
Den i den gandske Verden bekiendte Ertz-Sort-Konstner, og Trold-Karl D. Johan Faust, og Hans med Diaevelen oprettede Forbund ... / af en christelig Meenende. [Oversat af det Tydske Sprog ved N. F. B.] (1)
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MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
FIGURE 2 in Enterographa ducouretiana sp. nov. (lichenized Ascomycota, Roccellaceae), a new foliicolous species from New Caledonia
No full textFIGURE 2. Enterographa ducouretiana sp. nov. (three months old herbarium specimen). A, B & E. Cross-sections of ascomata showing the purple tinge of the hypothecium and the thallus layer covering the surface of the pseudostromata (in water). C. Cross-section of an ascoma in K (note the color of the hypothecium that became black and the dissolution of the crystals in the margin that became more transparent). F. Thallus with trentepohlioid photobiont in irregular plates (in water). D. Ascus with spores (in water). G. Ascospores (in water). Scales: A–C, E–F = 20 μm, D & G = 5 μm. Photos by Damien Ertz & Elise Lebreton.Published as part of Lebreton, Elise, Carriconde, Fabian, Brouste, Damien, Lespagnol, Antoine, Stenger, Pierrelouis, Sérusiaux, Emmanuël & Ertz, Damien, 2023, Enterographa ducouretiana sp. nov. (lichenized Ascomycota, Roccellaceae), a new foliicolous species from New Caledonia, pp. 247-252 in Phytotaxa 609 (3) on page 250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/828140
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Lecidella elaeochroma fm. soralifera D. Hawksw.
No full text<i>Lecidella elaeochroma</i> f. <i>soralifera</i> (Erichsen) D. Hawksw. <p> <i>Notes</i>. – This mainly coastal forma (SMITH et al., 2009) has been found on small branches and twigs of an <i>Erica</i> shrub. It is abundantly covered with apothecia and the thallus has partly yellowish soredia. This forma is not mentioned in HERNÁNDEZ-PADRÓN & PÉREZ-VARGAS (2010).</p> <p> <i>Material examined</i>. – 3, Er, <i>Boom 45942</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>van den Boom, Pieter P. G., Clerc, Philippe & Ertz, Damien, 2015, New records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain), including the new species: Usnea boomiana P. Clerc, pp. 165-177 in Candollea 70 (2)</i> on page 173, DOI: 10.15553/c2015v702a1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5720974">http://zenodo.org/record/5720974</a>
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Des Durch seine Zauber-Kunst Bekannten Christoph Wagners/ (Weyland-gewesenen Famuli Des weltberuffenen Ertz-Zauberers D. Joh. Faustens/) Leben und Thaten : Zum Spiegel und Warnung allen denen die mit dergleichen verbotenen Künsten umbgehen/ von Gott abweichen/ und dem Satan sich ergeben / Weyland von Friderich Schotus Tolet, in Teutscher Sprach beschrieben/ und nunmehro mit einer Vorrede/ von dem abscheulichen Laster der Zauberey vermehret von P. J. M. Mg. d. K. P. S. d. W.
No full textDES DURCH SEINE ZAUBER-KUNST BEKANNTEN CHRISTOPH WAGNERS/ (WEYLAND-GEWESENEN FAMULI DES WELTBERUFFENEN ERTZ-ZAUBERERS D. JOH. FAUSTENS/) LEBEN UND THATEN : ZUM SPIEGEL UND WARNUNG ALLEN DENEN DIE MIT DERGLEICHEN VERBOTENEN KÜNSTEN UMBGEHEN/ VON GOTT ABWEICHEN/ UND DEM SATAN SICH ERGEBEN / WEYLAND VON FRIDERICH SCHOTUS TOLET, IN TEUTSCHER SPRACH BESCHRIEBEN/ UND NUNMEHRO MIT EINER VORREDE/ VON DEM ABSCHEULICHEN LASTER DER ZAUBEREY VERMEHRET VON P. J. M. MG. D. K. P. S. D. W.
Des Durch seine Zauber-Kunst Bekannten Christoph Wagners/ (Weyland-gewesenen Famuli Des weltberuffenen Ertz-Zauberers D. Joh. Faustens/) Leben und Thaten : Zum Spiegel und Warnung allen denen die mit dergleichen verbotenen Künsten umbgehen/ von Gott abweichen/ und dem Satan sich ergeben / Weyland von Friderich Schotus Tolet, in Teutscher Sprach beschrieben/ und nunmehro mit einer Vorrede/ von dem abscheulichen Laster der Zauberey vermehret von P. J. M. Mg. d. K. P. S. d. W. (1)
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