149,747 research outputs found
Nonparametric IV estimation of shape-invariant Engel curves
Get PDFThis paper concerns the identification and estimation of a shape-invariant Engel
curve system with endogenous total expenditure. The shape-invariant specification
involves a common shift parameter for each demographic group in a pooled
system of Engel curves. Our focus is on the identification and estimation of both
the nonparametric shape of the Engel curve and the parametric specification of the
demographic scaling parameters. We present a new identification condition, closely
related to the concept of bounded completeness in statistics. The estimation procedure
applies the sieve minimum distance estimation of conditional moment restrictions
allowing for endogeneity. We establish a new root mean squared convergence
rate for the nonparametric IV regression when the endogenous regressor has unbounded
support. Root-n asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of
the parametric components are also given under a set of ‘low-level’ sufficient conditions.
Monte Carlo simulations shed lights on the choice of smoothing parameters
and demonstrate that the sieve IV estimator performs well. An application is made
to the estimation of Engel curves using the UK Family Expenditure Survey and
shows the importance of adjusting for endogeneity in terms of both the curvature
and demographic parameters of systems of Engel curves
Nonparametric IV estimation of shape-invariant Engel curves
Get PDFThis paper concerns the identification and estimation of a shape-invariant Engel curve system with endogenous total expenditure. The shape-invariant specification involves a common shift parameter for each demographic group in a pooled system of Engel curves. Our focus is on the identification and estimation of both the nonparametric shape of the Engel curve and the parametric specification of the demographic scaling parameters. We present a new identification condition, closely related to the concept of bounded completeness in statistics. The estimation procedure applies the sieve minimum distance estimation of conditional moment restrictions allowing for endogeneity. We establish a new root mean squared convergence rate for the nonparametric IV regression when the endogenous regressor has unbounded support. Root-n asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of the parametric components are also given under a set of Ѭow-level' sufficient conditions. Monte Carlo simulations shed lights on the choice of smoothing parameters and demonstrate that the sieve IV estimator performs well. An application is made to the estimation of Engel curves using the UK Family Expenditure Survey and shows the importance of adjusting for endogeneity in terms of both the curvature and demographic parameters of systems of Engel curves.
Using Engel curves to measure CPI bias for Indonesia
No full textTo measure real income growth over time a price index is needed to adjust for changes in the cost of living. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is often used for this task but studies from several countries show the CPI is a biased measure of changes in the cost of living, leading to potentially wrong estimates of the rate of growth of real income. In this paper CPI bias for Indonesia is calculated by estimating food Engel curves for households with the same level of CPI-deflated incomes at four different points in time between 1993 and 2008. The results suggest CPI bias was initially negative during the Asian Crisis but has been positive since 2000. Over the entire period, CPI bias has averaged four percent annually, equivalent to almost one-third of the measured inflation rate
Semiparametric testing of non-nested models: an application to Engel Curves specification
Get PDFThis paper proposes a specification test for non-nested semiparametrically specified competing models. The test-statistic is based on an artificial regression procedure. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the test-statistic under the null and alternative hypotheses and the finite-sample properties of the test are studied by means of simulations. The test is applied to discriminate between alternative Engel Curve specifications in share form, which relate total expenditure (X) with percentage of total expenditure spent on a specific good (Y). With data from the 1980 Spanish Family Expenditure Survey, one of the considered forms explains adequately the behaviour of households not contained on the tails of the distribution of X; when the whole data set is used both specifications are rejected possibly due to the fact that seemingly there is not mean dependence between Y and X for households with high total expenditure
Loose Engel structures
No full textThis paper contributes to the study of Engel structures and their classification. The main result introduces the notion of a loose family of Engel structures and shows that two such families are Engel homotopic if and only if they are formally homotopic. This implies a complete -principle when auxiliary data is fixed. As a corollary, we show that Lorentz and orientable Cartan prolongations are classified up to homotopy by their formal data.The authors are supported by Spanish National Research
Projects MTM2016–79400–P, MTM2015-72876-EXP and SEV2015-0554. R. Casals is supported
by the NSF grant DMS-1841913 and a BBVA Research Fellowship. ́A. del Pino is supported by
the NWO Vici Grant no. 639.033.312 of Marius Crainic
Engel Marginal Subgroups in Pro-Lie Groups
No full textThe position of the n-Engel marginal and verbal subgroups is placed between appropriate terms of the (upper or lower) central series of an abstract group, when n is small enough. In case of compact (Hausdorff) groups, the presence of a topological structure allows us to consider larger values of n, again controlling very well the position of these subgroups with respect to the terms of the central series. We observe a similar behaviour in the wider context of pro-Lie groups
Engel, Pascal. “Intrusión pragmática y valor epistémico”
No full textEngel, Pascal."Intrusión pragmática y valor epistémico", Areté [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú] XXIII/1 (2011): 25-51
La curva de Engel de los hogares en Medellín, Colombia 2012-2015
No full textThis paper analyzes and characterizes the consumer behavior and the consumption patterns in Medellin’s households. We made the analysis based on the Engel curves for urban households, which relates the total expenditure to expenditure in specific goods. We perform three empirical models: semiparametric models to capture non-linearities, instrumental variables model because of the endogeneity and Tobit models due to censoring of the dependent variable. We concluded that food and beverage, tobacco and clothing and footwear, respond to the Engel Law, and depending on the expenditure segment in which the families are located, those goods could be normal, inferior or luxury.Este artículo analiza y caracteriza el comportamiento del gasto y los patrones de consumo de los hogares de Medellín. El análisis se basa en la curva de Engel para hogares, la cual relaciona el gasto total con el gasto específico en ciertos bienes. Se recurrió a una metodología empírica basada en tres modelos: modelos semiparamétricos, para capturar no-linealidades, modelos de variables instrumentales y modelos Tobit. Se concluye que los bienes en alimentación, bebida y tabaco y vestido y calzado, responden a la ley de Engel, y dependiendo del segmento de gasto en el cual se ubiquen las familias, para algunas será un bien normal o inferior o de lujo
Estimación de curvas de Engel en Argentina
Get PDFEl objetivo principal de esta tesis consiste en investigar el cumplimiento de la Ley de Engel en Argentina, con datos de gastos de consumo de los hogares, para el período 1996-1997. Se estimaron curvas de Engel para hogares de distinta composición demográfica mediante la regresión por kernel, método de regresión no paramétrico que permite evitar sesgos de especificación. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la proporción de gasto en alimentos de un hogar es decreciente respecto a su ingreso y creciente respecto a su tamaño, comprobándose el cumplimiento de la Ley de Engel. Asimismo, se determinó que el patrón de consumo de alimentos de un hogar no es independiente de su estructura demográfica y que existen economías de escala en el consumo de alimentos.Fil: Carugati, Matías. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina
Estimando Engel elasticidades a partir de curvas de Lorenz y de concentración. Ejemplo de la tabla 8 de Ernest Engel
No full textDesde el trabajo pionero de Engel en 1857, la estimación de las curvas de Engel y el cálculo de sus
elasticidades ha ocupado una posición central en todos los estudios sobre los presupuestos de las
familias. Una curva de Engel relaciona los gastos sobre un bien particular de un hogar sobre los gastos
totales del hogar. Mientras que la elasticidad de Engel sobre un bien mide el porcentaje de cambio en el
gasto realizado sobre dicho bien dividido por el porcentaje de cambio del gasto total del hogar. La
aproximación tradicional para estimar una curva de Engel consiste en seleccionar una forma funcional
apropiada para cada bien, estimar sus parámetros y, finalmente, obtener la elasticidad a nivel de cada
gasto total. Una alternativa es usar curvas de concentración que permiten calcular las elasticidades para
cada valor de los gastos totales y sus correspondientes errores de estimación. En plan de este trabajo es
ilustrar el método de las curvas de concentración a partir de los datos de renta anual y gasto en alimentos,
medidos en francos, de la Tabla 8 que Engel uso en su trabajo 1857.The traditional parametric approach of estimating Engel is to select an appropriate functional form for each
good, estimate it and use the estimated parameters to obtain the elasticity at any level of total expenditure.
An alternative to the direct estimation approach is to infer total expenditure elasticity from concentration
curves and the calculation of standard errors evaluated at different levels of total expenditure
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