50,095 research outputs found
Extremal vectors and rectifiability
No full textThe concept of extremal vectors of a linear operator with a dense range but not onto on a Hilbert space was introduced by P. Enflo in 1996 as a new approach to study invariant subspaces. Following this, there were several studies on analytic and geometric properties of backward minimal vectors and their applications to construction of invariant subspaces. In this paper, we consider one other property: rectifiability. We show that in general curves that map numbers to backward minimal vectors are not rectifiable.Quaestiones Mathematicae 34(2011), 119-12
Relative Sources of European Regional Productivity Convergence: A Bootstrap Frontier Approach
No full textEnflo K. and Hjertstrand P. Relative sources of European regional productivity convergence: a bootstrap frontier approach, Regional Studies. This paper addresses the issue of Western European regional productivity growth and convergence by means of data envelopment analysis (DEA), decomposing labour productivity into efficiency change, technical change and capital accumulation. The decomposition shows that most regions have fallen behind the production frontier in efficiency and that capital accumulation has had a diverging effect on the labour productivity distribution. Using bootstrapping methods, the paper also accounts for the inherent bias and the stochastic elements in the efficiency estimation. It is found that the relative ranking of the efficiency scores remains stable after the bias correction, even after controlling for spatially correlated measurement errors, and that the DEA successfully identifies the regions on the production frontier as significantly more efficient than other regions
Relative Sources of European Regional Productivity Convergence: A Bootstrap Frontier Approach [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textEnflo K. and Hjertstrand P. Relative sources of European regional productivity convergence: a bootstrap frontier approach, Regional Studies. This paper addresses the issue of Western European regional productivity growth and convergence by means of data envelopment analysis (DEA), decomposing labour productivity into efficiency change, technical change and capital accumulation. The decomposition shows that most regions have fallen behind the production frontier in efficiency and that capital accumulation has had a diverging effect on the labour productivity distribution. Using bootstrapping methods, the paper also accounts for the inherent bias and the stochastic elements in the efficiency estimation. It is found that the relative ranking of the efficiency scores remains stable after the bias correction, even after controlling for spatially correlated measurement errors, and that the DEA successfully identifies the regions on the production frontier as significantly more efficient than other regions
Between Malthus and the industrial take-off: regional inequality in Sweden, 1571-1850
Get PDFThe causes and extent of regional inequality in the process of economic growth are at the core of historical economic research. So far, much attention has been devoted to studying the role of industrialization in driving regional divergence. But empirical studies on relatively unequal countries such as Italy or Spain show that inequality was already high when their modern industrialization began (Felice, 2011; Rosés et al., 2010). This paper studies the extent and drivers of pre-industrial inequality for the first time with reference to a pre-industrial European economy. Using new estimates of regional GDP for the regions of Sweden for the period 1571-1850 (Enflo and Missiaia, 2017), we find that regional inequality increased dramatically between 1571 and 1750 and stayed high until the mid-19th century. This result discards the view that industrial take-off was the main driver of regional divergence. Decomposing the Theil index for GDP per worker, we find that the bulk of inequality from 1750 onwards was driven by structural differences across sectors rather than different regional productivity within sectors. We then show that counties with higher agricultural productivity followed a classic Malthusian pattern in its population dynamics when experiencing technological advancement, while ones with higher industrial productivity did not. The difference in the two sectors is what boosted pre-industrial regional inequality. We suggest that institutional factors such as the creation of the Swedish Empire, the monopoly trading rights for Stockholm and the protective industrial policy explain this exceptional pattern
Från Sundsvall till Saltsjöbaden: ett regionalt perspektiv på strejker på svenska arbetsmarknaden 1859-1938
No full textThe project assembles a unique regional panel-dataset on strikes and lockouts (work stoppages) between 1859 and 1938. The regional dimension allows to use communities as mini-laboratories for studying how conflict and compromises come about at the local level. By holding factors constant at the regional and industry level,it is possible to analyze the relative importance of local economic conditions, union strategies and political influence as they evolve over time. The datasets described in this document have been extracted and digitized in the project Från Sundsvall till Saltsjöbaden: Ett regionalt perspektiv på strejker och protester på den svenska arbetsmarknaden [From Sundsvall to Saltsjöbaden: A regional approach to strikes and protests in the Swedish labour rmarket] (VR 2014-1491). The project members were Kerstin Enflo (PI), Tobias Karlsson and Jakob Molinder. Research assistance: Diego Cattolica, Maria Lundborg, Emelie Rhone Till, Scott Sutherland, Pedro Salas Rojo. Geo-coding: Robert Larsson, Erik Olofsson. There are three interrelated datasets in this database. 1) The longest dataset 1859-1938 is built upon two separate datasets, covering the periods 1859-1902 and 1903-1927 that were extracted directly from printed sources, and information extracted from primary sources for the period 1928-1938. This dataset has been harmonized and covers only the number of work stoppages by location. 2) The first underlying dataset covers the period 1859-1902 and include many more variables. The data is recorded at the level of each work stoppage. 3) The second underlying dataset covers 1903-1927 and include many more variables The data is recorded at the level of each work stoppage. All datasets, sources and variables included are further described in the documentation. Cite dataset 1 as: Molinder, Jakob, Tobias, Karlsson & Kerstin Enflo (2018) "The power resource theory revisited: what explains the decline in industrial conflicts in Sweden?" Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), s. 1-27 27 s.(Discussion Paper series; nr. DP13130) and Karlsson, Tobias (2019) “Strikes and lockouts in Sweden: revisiting Raphael’s list of work stoppages 1859-1902”, Lund Papers in Economic History 192. Cite dataset 2 as: Karlsson, Tobias (2019) “Strikes and lockouts in Sweden: revisiting Raphael’s list of work stoppages 1859-1902”, Lund Papers in Economic History 192. Cite dataset 3 as : Enflo, Kerstin & Tobias Karlsson (2018) "From conflict to compromise: the importance of mediation in Swedish work stoppages 1907-1927", European Review of Economic History, hey023, https://doi.org/10.1093/ereh/hey023I detta projekt analyserar vi arbetsmarknadskonflikter i Sverige under perioden 1859-1938. Istället för att se Sverige som en enhet tillämpar vi ett regionalt perspektiv. Vår utgångspunkt är att med hjälp av moderna kvantitativa metoder använda regionala variationer för att fånga betydelsen av skiftande ekonomiska, sociala och teknologiska förutsättningar. Projektet består av två sammanhängande delar. I den första delen studerar vi vad som orsakar strejker. I den andra delen analyserar vi strejkernas konsekvenser, med särskild tonvikt på den svenska modellens uppkomst. I båda delarna riktar vi särskilt intresse mot spatiala spridningsmönster. Projektet har byggt upp en databas med information om lokala arbetsmarknadskonflikter som kan kombineras med geografiskt relaterad information, exempelvis om lokala ekonomiska förhållanden, facklig organisering, närhet till naturresurser och infrastruktur. De dataset som beskrivs har extraherats och digitaliserats i projektet Från Sundsvall till Saltsjöbaden: Ett regionalt perspektiv på strejker och protester på den svenska arbetsmarknaden ( VR 2014-1491). Projektmedlemmarna var Kerstin Enflo (PI), Tobias Karlsson och Jakob Molinder. Forskningsstöd: Diego Cattolica, Maria Lundborg, Emelie Rhone Till, Scott Sutherland, Pedro Salas Rojo. Geo-coding: Robert Larsson, Erik Olofsson. Det finns tre sammankopplade dataset i databasen. 1) Ett dataset omfattar perioden 1859-1938 och bygger på två separata dataset som täcker perioden 1859-1902 och 1903-1927 och innehåller information som har extraherats direkt från tryckta källor. För perioden 1928-1938 har informationen extraherats från primära källor. Datasetet har harmoniserats och omfattar endast antalet strejker per plats. 2) Det första underliggande datasetet omfattar perioden 1859-1902 och innehåller många fler variabler. I uppgifterna har nivåerna registrerats för varje strejk. 3) Det andra underliggande datasetet omfattar perioden 1903-1927 och innehåller många fler variabler. I uppgifterna har nivåerna registrerats för varje strejk. Alla dataset, källor och variabler som ingår är beskrivna i tillhörande dokumentation. Cite dataset 1 as: Molinder, Jakob, Tobias, Karlsson & Kerstin Enflo (2018) "The power resource theory revisited: what explains the decline in industrial conflicts in Sweden?" Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), s. 1-27 27 s.(Discussion Paper series; nr. DP13130) and Karlsson, Tobias (2019) “Strikes and lockouts in Sweden: revisiting Raphael’s list of work stoppages 1859-1902”, Lund Papers in Economic History 192. Cite dataset 2 as: Karlsson, Tobias (2019) “Strikes and lockouts in Sweden: revisiting Raphael’s list of work stoppages 1859-1902”, Lund Papers in Economic History 192. Cite dataset 3 as : Enflo, Kerstin & Tobias Karlsson (2018) "From conflict to compromise: the importance of mediation in Swedish work stoppages 1907-1927", European Review of Economic History, hey023, https://doi.org/10.1093/ereh/hey02
SOME PROBLEMS IN THE INTERFACE BETWEEN NUMBER THEORY, HARMONIC ANALYSIS AND GEOMETRY OF EUCLIDEAN SPACE
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