1,253 research outputs found
PLANNING FOR THE END OF THE CONSTRUCTION BOOM AND TRANSITION TO A NORMAL ECONOMY IN ACEH AND NIAS
No full textThere is a very real danger that the transition from the Construction Boom in 2009 to a rapidly growing sustainable normal economy in Aceh will not happen unless both preventive and effective constructive measures are implemented during the coming two years. Instead what could easily happen is a collapse into a deep recession caused by the economy of Aceh being uncompetitive relative to the rest of Indonesia because of its high costs and because in anticipation of this high cost economy situation insufficient investments were made by the private sector in 2006 and the coming two years.
Isaac Mwanza and Zambia Civil Liberties Union (ZCLU) v the Attorney General 2024/CCZ/008
No full textThis contribution considers Isaac Mwanza and Zambia Civil Liberties Union (ZCLU) v Attorney General, a case challenging the constitutionality of longstanding penal provisions criminalising same-sex relations. The author takes issue with the Constitutional Court’s refusal to entertain the matter on jurisdictional grounds, arguing that it misconstrued the relationship between Articles 28 and 128 of the Constitution. By deferring entirely to the High Court on Bill of Rights issues, the author contends, the Constitutional Court has left a significant gap: legislation that may violate fundamental rights now lacks a clear constitutional forum for challenge. The piece underscores a persistent ambiguity in Zambia’s constitutional framework regarding access to justice for rights-based claims
The P2TP2A’s Effort to Cope with the Intensification of Sexual Abuse of Children in Perspective of the Islamic Family Law (A Case Study at the City of Banda Aceh)
No full textLaw Number 35 of 2014 Article 1 Paragraph (2) Regarding Child Protection includes all activities designed to guarantee and protect children and their rights so that they can live, grow, and develop in accordance with human dignity, and receive protection from violence and discrimination. However, sexual violence against minors continues to be a reality in our society. According to data from P2TP2A Banda Aceh, there were 13 cases in 2018 and 19 cases in 2019. The author wishes to know how effective P2TP2A Banda Aceh’s efforts are in combating sexual violence against minors and what obstacles this particular institution faces in this regard. This is a qualitative case study research investigating strategies used to cope with abuses against minors. The results indicate providing guidance and education are two important strategies used in its effort to cope it sexual abuses against minors. In addition, legal assistance services, health and psychological services, safe housing services (shelter), social rehab services are also provided for this cause. The obstacles that P2TP2A Banda Aceh faces in combating sexual violence against children are familial disgrace, trauma victims, infrastructure, and facilities. In addition to P2TP2A Banda Aceh, the Banda Aceh Police and LBH (Legal Aid Institute) of Banda Aceh participated in combating the rising incidence of sexual violence against minors in the city of Banda Aceh. This study also suggests that the Banda Aceh Police conducted investigations after receiving complaints from the public. And research conducted by LBH Banda Aceh indicates that the efforts made include providing legal assistance to victims.
Land Administration in Post-Disaster Areas: Case Study of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
No full textOn December 26, 2004, the world has evidenced one of the most horrible tragedies in history of humankind. Land administration sector was also badly influenced by the catastrophe. The cadastral offices in Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) and Nias were severely damaged by the tsunami. Most of cadastral records were lost or destroyed. The ground benchmarks, natural and man-made objects were also destroyed by tsunami and/or clearing out works in the tsunami affected areas. With nothing left on the ground, the land administration processes should be started from the scratch. The Government of Republic of Indonesia (GoI) was quickly responding by publishing five-year master plan of rehabilitation and reconstruction of NAD and Nias, especially on the spatial layout and land affairs. Unfortunately, many have criticised the GoI’s master plan. Besides its macro scale (Kamil, 2005), Fitzpatrick (2005) underlined the relocation camps and coastal buffer zones proposals as promoting disquiet among Acehnese. Many of Acehnese just wanted to go home and resettled their houses in the exactly same location as their previous houses that are swapped by tsunami (Montlake, 2005). NAD is well-know by its uniqueness among other Indonesian provinces since NAD has entirely different cultural background. As most of Indonesian region used to be ruled by Hindu and Buddha kingdom, NAD had only been ruled by several Islamic sultanates in different periods of time. Therefore, NAD has a strong Islamic culture. The implementation of Syariah, Islamic Law, has been strengthening the Islamic background of NAD. Besides its strong Islamic background, Acehneses have also different customary land administration system than other Indonesian provinces. The Acehneses’ customary land administration system is basically originated from the Islamic culture. The Acehneses’ customary land administration system is basically intending to maintain sustainable development and promoting equality for every Acehneses to enjoy the outcome of development. In order to focus on efforts of rehabilitating and reconstructing Banda Aceh, this study only highlights two out of three components of land administration, which are land tenure and land use. Land valuation, which is another component of land administration, is not included within this study due to the collapse of local governmental institution that is in charge in the valuation of land, as well as due to the prohibition of land transfer before the land administration system in Banda Aceh is working properly. In this study of land administration in post-disaster areas in Banda Aceh, the effectiveness of policy of GoI on rehabilitation and reconstruction of land administration in Banda Aceh is being evaluated. The evaluation of policy of GoI on rehabilitation and reconstruction of land administration in Banda Aceh is performed with special references to the Acehneses’ customary land administration system, land administration theories and cases, Indonesian land administration policy and regulation and progress on rehabilitation and reconstruction of land administration in Banda Aceh. During the performance of this research, interviews and literature study were held to gather information on above mentioned special references. Interviews were held in Banda Aceh, Jakarta and Bandung and covered the point of view of the decision maker, professional and intellectual on land administration field, as well as the aspiration of Acehneses and particularly the citizens of Banda Aceh. On the other hand, the literature study was particularly performed for collecting information on land administration theories and cases in post conflict areas. Moreover, information regarding Indonesian general and special land administration laws, regulations and policies for Banda Aceh was gathered during the performance of the literature study. Additionally, the aspiration of Acehneses, particularly the citizens of Banda Aceh was also acquired from the literature study, to complete the information gathered by interviews. Having evaluated the contribution of Acehneses’ customary land administration system, it is concluded that the customary land administration system is still wanted to be applied in Banda Aceh, even though the Indonesian land administration system has been applied in there for almost half of a century. Some immediate actions on rehabilitation and reconstruction of land administration in Banda Aceh that are not in accordance with the customary background of Acehneses, such as titling the land under Indonesian land tenure regime, could still be applied during the phase of rehabilitation and reconstruction. However, the customary land administration system is still wanted by the Acehneses and particularly citizens of Banda Aceh to be applied in Banda Aceh in the future. For evaluating effectiveness of policy of GoI on rehabilitation and reconstruction of land administration in Banda Aceh, a land administration system performance evaluation framework is developed in this study. The evaluation framework in this study is developed based on conventional land administration theories, as well as adopting the cadastral evaluation framework of Soft System Theory (see Barry, 1999; Augustinus and Barry, 2004). The land administration system performance evaluation framework comprises of three evaluation frameworks, which are evaluating the compliance level of land administration system and its components to the needs and wants of Banda Aceh citizens, as well as the fulfilment of objectives of the higher system of land administration. Having compared the Indonesian land administration system and its implementation to the land administration theories, as well as to the state of land administration in Banda Aceh, Indonesian land administration system is lack of compliance with the land administration problems in rehabilitation and reconstruction of Banda Aceh. Several basic problems have been identified, such as dualism of land administration regime and lack of fulfilment of land registration features that are simplicity, security, affordability, currency and sustainability, as well as lack of realism, binding power, participation/consultation and human resource in Indonesian land use system. Due to existence of previously mentioned basic problems, which leads to bad-operated and ineffective land administration system in Indonesia, immediate efforts are needed to address the land administration problem in rehabilitation and reconstruction of Banda Aceh. GoI, its representative and its partners in rehabilitation and reconstruction of land administration in Banda Aceh therefore have formulated regulations and guidelines regarding the rehabilitation and reconstruction of land administration in Banda Aceh. Having evaluated the policy of GoI on rehabilitation and reconstruction of land administration in Banda Aceh, it is concluded that the main problems of land administration in post-disaster areas, which are insecurity of land tenure and needs to address the effect of the catastrophe and disaster mitigation in spatial plan of Banda Aceh, have almost been solved. The policy of GoI on land administration in post-disaster areas in Banda Aceh also provides a means to fill the gap in Indonesian land administration regulatory framework, which could be employed as well in the future for advancing Indonesian land administration system. Nevertheless, adoption of breakthroughs proposed by and performed under the policy of GoI on land administration in post-disaster areas in Banda Aceh might not be able to fully fill the holes left by Indonesian land administration system, such as the recognition of Acehneses’ customary land tenure (known as Hak Ulayat in Indonesian land tenure system) and no binding power mandated to relevant governmental institutions to enforce the implementation of spatial plan. Without efforts to address the basic problems in Indonesian land administration system, the land administration state in post-disaster areas in Banda Aceh might return to its initial state, even after fully accommodating the previously mentioned breakthroughs in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of land administration in Banda Aceh. Therefore, besides adopting breakthroughs in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of land administration in Banda Aceh, this study recommends the government to provide supportive regulations to adapt to the customary background of Acehneses and Indonesia in general, as well as supportive regulations and procedures for accelerating the rehabilitation and reconstruction of land administration system in Banda Aceh. This study also recommends GoI to train and educate land administration professionals for ensuring the good performance of land administration, as well as to address the basic Indonesian land administration problems.Geo-information resourcesOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Uma bagagem de sonho na obra de Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda
No full textThis study calls for unpacking the baggage of dreams that Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda deposited in each page of his work to impregnate us with an embodied stage experience. We begin this memoir delving into notes, memories and experiences to capture the essence of a creative process, from the author’s original text, and transcribe it in the multiplicity of physical states we go through at the moment of stage representation. We invite the author to receive the play, placing ourselves in that coming and going of events in the creative process that takes place on the stage, as active managers of the theatrical event. With the purpose of placing the reader in a space of artistic appreciation from the inside, located in the environments of the stories that are shared in Sazón de Mujer, Hotel Juárez, Contrabando, we show the reception of the works through our experience and, as a hypothesis, we propose three paradigms for the reception of Rascón Banda’s dramatic work: Mujeres en ginecocracia, Al borde de rutas de frontera y cruce de caminos, Poder y Violencia.El presente estudio convoca a desempacar el equipaje de sueños que Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda depositó en cada página de su obra para impregnarnos de una experiencia escénica encarnada. Comenzamos esta memoria hurgando entre anotaciones, recuerdos y vivencias para capturar la esencia de un proceso creador a partir del texto original del autor y transcribirlo en la multiplicidad de estados físicos por los que transitamos en el instante de la representación en la escena. Convidamos al autor a recibir la obra, ubicándonos, ahí, en ese ir y venir de aconteceres en el proceso creador desde la escena, como activos gestores del hecho teatral. Con el propósito de colocar al lector en un espacio de apreciación artística desde adentro, ubicados en los ambientes de las historias que se comparten en Sazón de Mujer, Hotel Juárez, Contrabando, expondremos la recepción de las obras a través de nuestra experiencia y propondremos, a manera de hipótesis, tres paradigmas para la recepción de su obra dramática: Mujeres en ginecocracia, Al borde de rutas de frontera y cruce de caminos, Poder y Violencia.Este estudo pede desfazer a bagagem dos sonhos que Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda depositou em cada página de seu trabalho para nos imbuir de uma experiência de palco corporificada. Iniciamos cavando notas, memórias e experiências para captar a essência de um processo criativo a partir do texto original do autor e transcrevê-lo na multiplicidade de estados físicos pelos quais passamos no momento da performance. Convidamos o autor a receber a obra, situando-nos neste ir e vir dos acontecimentos do processo criativo que se desenrola no palco, como gestores ativos do acontecimento teatral. Com o objetivo de colocar o leitor em um espaço de apreciação artística de dentro, localizado nos ambientes das histórias compartilhadas em Sazón de Mujer, Hotel Juárez, Contrabando, mostramos a recepção das obras através de nossa experiência e, como hipótese, propomos três paradigmas para a recepção da obra dramática de Rascón banda: Mujeres en ginecocracia, Al borde de rutas de frontera y cruce de caminos, Poder y Violencia
Author profiling resources
No full textEl zip conté tots els recursos que s'han generat durant el desenvolupament de la tesi. Per una banda, hi ha el codi, amb el qual es poden extreure el conjunt de features tal i com es descriu a la tesi, per altre banda, hi ha també tots els datasets que s'han creat i que s'utilitzen per a tots els experiments. Utilitzant el codi, les eines externes corresponents i els datasets, es poden emular tots els experiments descrits.The zip file contains every resource that has been generated during the development of the thesis. One of the folders contains the code that is used to extract the described feature set, the other one contains every dataset that has been compiled and used in every experiment. Using the code, the external tools mentioned in the experiments and the corpora, it is possible to repeat every experiment described in the thesis
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI E-KINERJA PADA LINGKUNGAN PEMERINTAH KOTA BANDA ACEH
No full textThis article is research on the implementation of e-Kinerja within the Banda Aceh City Government. In this paper, the author uses a descriptive qualitative approach and collects data through a study of existing documents. This method illustrates how the implementation of e-Kinerja is carried out by the Banda Aceh Government, which the author then compares with existing concepts, namely the concept of performance and reward and punishment. The results of this study are that the implementation of the e-Kinerja system carried out by the Banda Aceh City Government has a good impact on the regional civil apparatus, the government, the City Government Work Unit (SKPK), and the public. These impacts include making promotions and transfers based on equal job for equal pay for regional civil servants, facilitating supervision for the government, and knowing the effectiveness and efficiency of work units
Beyond Optimal Solutions for Real-World Problems (Invited Talk)
No full textCombinatorial optimisation technology has come a long way. We now have mature high-level modelling languages in which to specify a model of the particular problem of interest [Nethercote et al., 2007; Frisch et al., 2008; Van Hentenryck, 1999; Fourer et al., 1990]; robust complete solvers in each major constraint paradigm, including Constraint Programming (CP), MaxSAT [Jessica Davies and Fahiem Bacchus, 2011; Alexey Ignatiev et al., 2019], and Mixed Integer Programming (MIP); effective incomplete search techniques that can easily be combined with complete solvers to speed up the search such as Large Neighbourhood Search [Paul Shaw, 1998]; and enough general knowledge about modelling techniques to understand the need for our models to incorporate components such as global constraints [Willem-Jan van Hoeve and Irit Katriel, 2006], symmetry constraints [Ian P. Gent et al., 2006], and more. All this has significantly reduced the amount of knowledge required to apply this technology successfully to the many different combinatorial optimisation problems that permeate our society.
And yet, not many organisations use such advanced optimisation technology; instead, they often rely on the solutions provided by problem-specific algorithms that are implemented in traditional imperative languages and lack any of the above advances. Further, while advanced optimisation technology is particularly suitable for the kind of complex human-in-the-loop decision-making problems that occur in critical sectors of our society, including health, transport, energy, disaster management, environment and finance, these decisions are often still made by people with little or no technological support. In this extended abstract I argue that to change this state of affairs, our research focus needs to change from improving the technology on its own, to improving it so that users can better trust, use, and maintain the optimisation systems that we develop with it. The rest of this extended abstract discusses my personal experiences and opinion on these three points.
Trust
I highlight trust (which focuses on the user’s point of view) rather than trustworthiness (which is a characteristic of the software itself) because I think it is the former rather than the latter that is at stake for the adoption of optimisation technology.
One of the biggest hurdles I have found for trust in the context of optimisation systems is for the domain experts to (feel like they) understand the underlying model. While many users will never do (or have to), I believe it is key for domain experts to have a high-level understanding of the constraints in the model, since their (dis)trust will likely spread through the organisation, impacting the adoption of the system. Thanks to the use of high-level modelling languages in CP, our group has achieved this [Matthias Klapperstueck et al., 2023] by documenting the constraints in a language the user knows (mathematics) and linking each constraint to the particular part of the model that implements it (via comments). While domain experts do not completely understand the model, the similarity between the format they understand (mathematics) and the model constraint has helped them verify our perception of their problem and improved their trust in the model. However, more needs to be done in this direction via the development of formal techniques. For example, our group is exploring the use of domain-specific languages [Hudak, 1997] as a bridge between domain experts and modellers that helps both trust and maintenance (see later). This [Sameela Suharshani Wijesundara et al., 2023] and other approaches need to be explored.
A very significant source of trust for our domain experts (and of trustworthiness for the software) has been the development of two different models implemented by two different people for the same problem [Matthias Klapperstueck et al., 2023]. While this can be seen as a prohibitively expensive exercise, it did not take that long once the first model was mature, is a good way to onboard new optimisation team members, and has helped up detect not only bugs but also differences in the interpretation of domain expert information. For optimisation problems where it is not possible to verify the optimality (or even correctness) of the solution, we see such redundant modelling as the only solution for now. Interestingly, a significant step forward in obtaining the trust of our domain experts has been the generation of an optimality gap whenever an optimal solution could not be found due to time constraints. While explaining this concept took time, once understood it has boosted their trust, particularly when tackling problems where the solution is not easy verifiable or when approximated models/data are used (needed for speed, see later). This makes it difficult to work with CP and SAT solvers, as they usually lack tight lower bounds. Finally, trust is often developed through the use of the system, which I discuss below.
Use
Usability is known to be key for the deployment of software systems. By "system" in our context, I refer to the combination of the problem model(s), the associated solver(s) and, importantly, the User Interface (UI) that often integrates them and is fundamental to their success. In addition to the traditional usability characteristics of software systems, I believe an optimisation system requires particular care in the following areas. Interaction, i.e., the system must allow users to interact with the UI not only to provide and modify the input data, but also to modify the constraints (at the very least by turning some on/off) as well as explore and compare solutions, as argued in [David Meignan et al., 2015; Jie Liu et al., 2021]. Incremental compilers and solvers would significantly help in making this easier, as well as generic ways for the UIs to communicate with them. Conflict resolution, that is, ensuring the system can not only detect infeasible instances, but also support users in understanding the data/constraints that cause infeasibility and how to modify the instance to make it feasible. Any interactive optimisation system that has users, will likely have conflicts. Thus, it is mandatory for CP to improve its conflict resolution technology which, while existent [João Marques-Silva and Alessandro Previti, 2014; Lauffer and Topcu, 2019; Ilankaikone Senthooran et al., 2023], is not widespread and it is often still problem-dependent, overwhelming (in the number of constraints shown to the user) and slow. Without it, users will be "stumped" when (rather than if) infeasibility is reached. Solution diversity, that is, supporting users in obtaining a diverse set of (close-to-optimal) solutions, where diversity is measured by a user-provided metric modelled somehow. While some solver-independent technology has been developed and implemented for this [Emmanuel Hebrard et al., 2005; Thierry Petit and Andrew C. Trapp, 2015; Linnea Ingmar et al., 2020], it should be easier to use and more widespread. Further, it requires sophisticated solution comparison capabilities and, importantly, for optimal solutions to be found in seconds rather than hours. This brings me to speed, an area where CP solvers are falling behind. Most of our research group applications now use MIP solvers due to the need for floats (which precludes us from using learning solvers such as Chuffed [Geoffrey Chu, 2013]), but also to the lack of effective warm-start processes that are available in MIP solvers. Interestingly, data and model approximations have been proved to achieve orders of magnitude speedups with small reductions in optimality [Matthias Klapperstueck et al., 2023]. Developing generic (i.e., problem independent) accurate approximations would be extremely useful for complex decision systems. Other areas where I think generic CP methods are worth investigating more include dealing with uncertainty and online problems, ensuring solution fairness (even if it is over time), and studying predict + optimise approaches.
Maintain
I know very few papers devoted to the issue of maintenance in optimisation technology. While this may be due to my lack of knowledge, I suspect it is also due to the limited adoption of optimisation technology. While the issues in this area are again common to other software systems, I believe the solutions for CP require special attention. For example, the issue of changes in user requirements (that our research group calls problem drift) seems particularly prevalent in decision-making systems, as such problems can evolve rapidly due to unforeseen circumstances. This can make optimisation systems obsolete faster than expected. Our research group has proposed to tackle problem drift by developing a requirements model implemented in the above-mentioned MDSLs and created by both domain experts and modellers that, when modified re-generates parts of the model to support the modifications [Sameela Suharshani Wijesundara et al., 2023]. This and other approaches such as the creation of reusable models components [Sophia Saller and Jana Koehler, 2022; Toby Walsh, 2003], or instantiatable classes for common problem domains, are worth investigating
Habitus musical y expresiones identitarias. El caso de la banda infantil de Santa Catarina Tlaltempan, Puebla
No full text"Se propone investigar cómo las prácticas que realiza la banda infantil sirven como elementos para la construcción de la identidad social entre los niños que pertenecen a la misma.
ANALISIS KEJAHATAN KEKERASAN DI KOTA BANDA ACEH DENGAN PENDEKATAN EKONOMI
No full textABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kejahatan kekerasan di Kota Banda Aceh dengan pendekatan ekonomi. Model analisis yang digunakan adalah Statistik Deskriptif dengan menggunakan SPSS menggunakan data sekunder dari tahun 2010 sampai tahun 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan per kapita, jumlah penduduk, tingkat kemiskinan, tingkat pendidikan dan tingkat pengangguran memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejahatan kekerasan di Kota Banda Aceh. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, disarankan kepada pemerintah agar dapat mengurangi pengangguran dan meningkatkan pendapatan per kapita dan kepada masyarakat agar lebih meningkatkan pendidikan dan juga kepada pihak kemananan agar lebih meningkatkan keamanan agar kejahatan kekerasan di Kota Banda Aceh dapat berkurang.Kata Kunci: Pendapatan Per kapita, Jumlah Penduduk, Tingkat Kemiskinan, tingkat Pendidikan, Tingkat Pengangguran, Kejahatan Kekerasan Kota Banda Aceh.ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze violent crime in the city of Banda Aceh with the economic approach. The analysis model used is Descriptive Statistics utilizing SPSS software using secondary data from 2010 to 2013. The results showed that the per capita income, population, level of poverty, education level and the unemployment rate have significant relationships to violent crime in the city of Banda Aceh. For further research, the author suggested to the government to reduce unemployment and to increase per capita income and to the community in order to further improve education and also to the armed forces in order to further enhance the security that violent crime in the city of Banda Aceh can be reduced.Keyword: Per capita income, Population, Poverty Level, level of education, Unemployment Rate, Crime Violence Banda Aceh
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