98 research outputs found
Osteosarcopenic obesity: a triple threat for older adults?
No full textAdvancing age is associated with body composition changes that impact the health status and overall wellbeing of older adults. Muscle mass decreases, contributing to the loss of strength and physical function, a condition known as sarcopenia. Declining bone mineral density leads to osteopenia or osteoporosis, with an increased risk of fractures. Adipose tissue accumulates, redistributes, and infiltrates organs, causing chronic inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and additional mechanical load on the musculoskeletal system. These pathological conditions are interdependent and result in a range of clinical phenotypes
Generative AI and Society 5.0: Enabling a Collaborative, Inclusive Future
No full textThis chapter delves into the transformative potential of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) within the Society 5.0 framework, a concept originating from Japan that envisions a human-centric society where technology addresses pressing global challenges. Building on advancements from Industry 4.0, Society 5.0 transcends economic productivity by focusing on inclusivity, sustainability, and quality oflife. GenAI, with its capacity for autonomous content creation, enhanced decision-making, and predictive analytics, aligns with these goals by fostering innovation, improving efficiency, and driving human– machine collaboration. This chapter examines the ethical dimensions associated with GenAI, emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability, and inclusivity to prevent potential risks such as data privacy breaches, algorithmic bias, and unequal access to Artificial Intelligence (AI) benefits. Through a synthesis of theory and practice, this work explores how GenAI can support sustainable development, bridge social divides, and enhance human potential in alignment with the principles of Society 5.0. Finally, it outlines avenues for future research and managerial implications, addressing the ongoing need to balance technological advancement with ethical governance in an increasingly AI-driven world
Sarcopenia and physical function: Proxies of overall health and predictors of mortality in older adults
No full textN/
Association between cardiovascular health metrics and self-reported walking difficulty in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults: results from the longevity check-up (Lookup) 8+
No full textObjectives: To examine the association between cardiovascular health, assessed through an 8-factor cardiovascular health (8F-CVH) score, and self-reported walking difficulty in middle-aged (40-64 years) and older adults (≥65 years) living in the community.
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Main outcome measures: Self-reported walking difficulty was evaluated by a single-item question: "Do you have any difficulty in walking 400 meters?". Cardiovascular health was assessed using a composite 8F-CVH score inspired by Life's Essential 8, including diet, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, smoking status, and sleep quality.
Results: Among 4141 participants (mean age 60.5 ± 11.2 years; 53.1 % women), 16.0 % reported walking difficulty. Prevalence was higher in older adults (25.0 %) than in middle-aged individuals (11.0 %; p for trend <0.001). Self-reported walking difficulty was more frequent in participants with low 8F-CVH scores (32.8 %), compared to moderate (15.5 %) and high (4.8 %) scores (p <0.001). ROC curve analysis showed modest discrimination for the total score (area under the curve [AUC] 0.67; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.69), with physical activity performing best among individual components (AUC 0.69; 95 % CI 0.67-0.71). After adjusting for confounders, moderate and high scores were associated with 61 % (OR 0.39, 95 % CI 0.31-0.48) and 84 % (OR 0.16, 95 % CI 0.10-0.24) lower odds of self-reported walking difficulty, respectively.
Conclusions: Better cardiovascular health is independently associated with lower odds of self-reported walking difficulty. Promoting cardiovascular health may help preserve mobility in late life
"Presentación del libro de José M. Sevilla Prolegómenos para una crítica de la razón problemática. Motivos en Vico y Ortega"
No full textPresentación realizada en español por el autor, en la Universidad de Sevilla el día 6 de junio de 2011, en el acto de presentación conjunta de los libros Prolegómenos para una crítica de la razón problemática. Motivos en Vico y Ortega (José M. Sevilla) y Filosofía de la razón plural. Isaiah Berlin entre dos siglos (Pablo Badillo O’Farrell, Coord.); acto en el que participaron los profesores Joaquín Abellán, Pablo Badillo, Giuseppe Cacciatore, José M. Sevilla y Fulvio Tessitore.Presentation read in Spanish by the author in the joint launching of the books Prolegómenos para una crítica de la razón problemática. Motivos en Vico y Ortega (José M. Sevilla) and Filosofía de la razón plural. Isaiah Berlin entre dos siglos (Pablo Badillo O’Farrell, Coord.) that took place at the University of Seville on June the 6th, 2011. The act counted with the participation of Joaquín Abellán, Pablo Badillo, Giuseppe Cacciatore, José M. Sevilla and Fulvio Tessitore
Il Kant di Croce
No full textIn this speech to the Academia dei Lincei in Rome, Giuseppe Cacciatore sketches the role Kant played in Croce’s historicism. Surprisingly, this topic has been little investigated up to now, although Kant is a decisive source for Croce’s thought.The paper concentrates on the main Kantian passages in Croce’s writings, and shows similarities and differences between the two thinkers as to the function of “category”. On this basis, the Author raises the issue: how much tied to Kantian “Ich” is Croce’s post-Hegelian subject
Physical Activity during COVID-19 Pandemic: A 5-Year Retrospect
No full textThe purpose of this article is to provide a follow-up review of the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Disease or Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on human health and the role of physical activity (PA) during the 5-year pandemic. We aim to cover the immune system, the cardiopulmonary system, the musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system (brain function), particularly among older adults, college students, and individuals with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (Long-COVID). The COVID-19 pandemic has given us many lessons, earned from the death of six million lives and tremendous disturbance to human life. First, we need to continue to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate various organistic failures resulting from the viral infection. Such investigations are the only way to completely understand the etiology of the diseases and to develop new drugs and vaccines. The molecular pathways that transmit the signals of viral infection to each organ system are different requiring both basic and clinical research. Available evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced microcirculation and latent immune activation play a major role, eventually impairing cardiovascular tolerance and peripheral bioenergetics. Second, the COVID-19 pandemic has manifested major disturbances to human lifestyles with reduced PA and exercise standing out as a major factor. Conversely, physical inactivity due to social confinement and mental/psychological stresses has been clearly linked to intensified pathogenic symptoms and amplification of adverse effects on multiple physiological systems. If not intervened, this interaction can lead to Long-COVID, a dangerous futile circle to cause systemic failure. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted differential impacts on different populations. Thus, the strategy to develop and conduct to cope with the negativity of pandemic needs to be specific, flexible and tailored to fit different patient populations
Combined Aerobic Training and Mediterranean Diet Is Not Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Italian Older Adults
No full textPrevious studies found a lower prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults engaged in regular aerobic training (AT) or with greater adherence to a Mediterranean (MED) diet. However, the effect of their combination on sarcopenia indices is unknown. The present study tested the association between AT plus a MED diet and the presence of sarcopenia and its defining elements in a sample of Italian older adults enrolled in the Longevity Check-up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project. Analyses were conducted in participants 65+ years, with a body mass index of at least 18.5 kg/m2, engaged in regular AT, and without missing information for the variables of interest. MED diet adherence was evaluated via a modified version of the MEDI-LITE score and categorized as low, moderate, or high. The presence of sarcopenia was established by handgrip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) values below sex-specific cut-points recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Data from 491 older adults were analyzed for the present study. The mean age was 72.7 ± 5.7 years, and 185 (37.7%) were women. MED diet adherence was low in 59 (12.0%) participants, moderate in 283 (57.6%), and high in 149 (30.3%). Sarcopenia was identified in 26 participants (5.3%), with no differences across MED diet adherence groups. The results of binary logistic regression showed no significant associations between AT plus adherence to a MED diet and dynapenia, low ASM, or sarcopenia. The findings of the present study indicate that the combination of AT with a MED diet is not associated with a lower probability of sarcopenia or its defining elements in Italian older adults enrolled in Lookup 7+. Further research is warranted to establish whether exercise frequency, volume, intensity, and length of engagement in AT impact the association between MED diet and sarcopenia
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