309 research outputs found
The Nation as a Civilizing Form: Contribution to the Figuration of the Polish Nation
No full textThis article was inspired by the book Studien über die Deutschen [Studies on the Germans] in which Norbert Elias encourages his readers to make sociological descriptions of the habitus of other nations. It is not only a matter of once again relearning lessons from history, but to look at them from the sociological perspective of figuration theory. The author’s aim is to make an initial outline of the research perspective that would combine the macro-sociological changes of Polish society with experience at the micro-sociological level (Łuczewski) or even the biographies of individuals (Bończa-Tomaszewski). For example, the influence of the partitions on Poles’ mentality is part of common knowledge, but it has not been (perhaps precisely for this reason) addressed sociologically. These considerations inevitably lead the author to ask what, in essence, is a nation and what national consciousness is. In conclusion, the author proposes hypothetical main motifs for describing the Polish habitus
Naród jako forma ucywilizowania. Przyczynek do figuracji narodu polskiego
No full textThis article was inspired by the book Studien über die Deutschen [Studies on the Germans] in which Norbert Elias encourages his readers to make sociological descriptions of the habitus of other nations. It is not only a matter of once again relearning lessons from history, but to look at them from the sociological perspective of figuration theory. The author’s aim is to make an initial outline of the research perspective that would combine the macro-sociological changes of Polish society with experience at the micro-sociological level (Łuczewski) or even the biographies of individuals (Bończa-Tomaszewski). For example, the influence of the partitions on Poles’ mentality is part of common knowledge, but it has not been (perhaps precisely for this reason) addressed sociologically. These considerations inevitably lead the author to ask what, in essence, is a nation and what national consciousness is. In conclusion, the author proposes hypothetical main motifs for describing the Polish habitus
Cywilizacyjna geneza idei społeczeństwa obywatelskiego
No full textCivilisational genesis of the concept of civil societyThe present paper sets out to discuss the conditions for building civil society beyond the circle of the Western civilisation and proposes a framework for sociological categories to examine whether such a process is possible.Nowhere except the West has there emerged a civilisation founded on rationalisation as its underlying principle a process conceptualised already by Weber. On the one hand, rationalisation of actions taken by individuals inevitably led to suppression of natural instincts, which certainly involved a risk of eruption of accumulated tension as ultimately shown by the outcome of Nazi ideology. On the other, it stimulated growth of modern associations and a certain social polish, which enabled the development of a parliamentary system, initially in England, and, consequently, the emergence of civil society as such. An interesting account of the process was provided by Adam Ferguson, a witness of the times.Shmuel Eisenstadt was another author to notice the unique nature of the West. Classified as one of the ‘axial civilisations,’ the West is exceptional: it is here that a new civilisation — the modern civilisation — was born and, as it seems, it is only here that civil society and, consequently, pluralism, is possible.For Norbert Elias, the concept of the civilising process is a key element characteristic of the West. The author indicates that the rise of the Western civilisation came as a result of combined environmental, historical and cultural factors.The paper considers also works by Florian Znaniecki Ludzie teraźniejsi a cywilizacja przyszłości [The people of today and the civilization of the future] and Feliks Koneczny.Civilisational genesis of the concept of civil societyThe present paper sets out to discuss the conditions for building civil society beyond the circle of the Western civilisation and proposes a framework for sociological categories to examine whether such a process is possible.Nowhere except the West has there emerged a civilisation founded on rationalisation as its underlying principle a process conceptualised already by Weber. On the one hand, rationalisation of actions taken by individuals inevitably led to suppression of natural instincts, which certainly involved a risk of eruption of accumulated tension as ultimately shown by the outcome of Nazi ideology. On the other, it stimulated growth of modern associations and a certain social polish, which enabled the development of a parliamentary system, initially in England, and, consequently, the emergence of civil society as such. An interesting account of the process was provided by Adam Ferguson, a witness of the times.Shmuel Eisenstadt was another author to notice the unique nature of the West. Classified as one of the ‘axial civilisations,’ the West is exceptional: it is here that a new civilisation — the modern civilisation — was born and, as it seems, it is only here that civil society and, consequently, pluralism, is possible.For Norbert Elias, the concept of the civilising process is a key element characteristic of the West. The author indicates that the rise of the Western civilisation came as a result of combined environmental, historical and cultural factors.The paper considers also works by Florian Znaniecki Ludzie teraźniejsi a cywilizacja przyszłości [The people of today and the civilization of the future] and Feliks Koneczny
Does the Time of Political Freedom Foster Hating? Street Hate in Prose of Marek Hłasko
No full textArtykuł ukazuje, w jaki sposób proza Marka Hłaski, tworzona w latach 50. przedstawia
zjawisko hejterstwa. Autorka analizuje opowiadania Pierwszy krok w chmurach,
Pętla i Ósmy dzień tygodnia. Schematy interakcji między bohaterami zostają
porównane z internetowymi atakami. Autorka zauważa podobieństwo współczesnej
sytuacji społecznej do czasów odwilży, głównie w kontekście odzyskania
wolności słowa i potrzeby znalezienia nowego języka. Swoje rozważania sytuuje
w kontekście definicji i typologii agresji werbalnej kilkorga badaczy, między innymi
M. Peisert, S. Gajdy czy A. Bussa i A. Durkee.The essay features Marek Hłasko’s prose, written in the fifties, which portrays phenomenon
of hating. Author analyzes short stories: First step in clouds, The Loop
and The Eighth day of the week. She compares interactions between characters with
today’s hate examples from the Internet noticing a similarity between ‘Polish thaw’
of 1950s and modern times, especially in case of language and freedom of speech.
Her consideration is put in the context of definitions and typology connected with
verbal aggression after some researchers, for example M. Peisert, S. Gajda, A. Bussa
and A. Durkee.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00
Distribution of power residues over shifted subfields and maximal cliques in generalized Paley graphs
No full textWe derive an asymptotic formula for the number of solutions in a given subfield to certain system of equations over finite fields. As an application, we construct new families of maximal cliques in generalized Paley graphs. Given integers and , we show that for each positive integer such that , there are maximal cliques of size approximately in the -Paley graph defined on . We also confirm a conjecture of Goryainov, Shalaginov, and the second author on the maximality of certain cliques in generalized Paley graphs, as well as an analogous conjecture of Goryainov for Peisert graphs.16 pages, revised based on referee comment
Wireless Sensor Data Transport, Aggregation and Security
No full textabstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the communication and the security therein have been gaining further prominence in the tech-industry recently, with the emergence of the so called Internet of Things (IoT). The steps from acquiring data and making a reactive decision base on the acquired sensor measurements are complex and requires careful execution of several steps. In many of these steps there are still technological gaps to fill that are due to the fact that several primitives that are desirable in a sensor network environment are bolt on the networks as application layer functionalities, rather than built in them. For several important functionalities that are at the core of IoT architectures we have developed a solution that is analyzed and discussed in the following chapters.
The chain of steps from the acquisition of sensor samples until these samples reach a control center or the cloud where the data analytics are performed, starts with the acquisition of the sensor measurements at the correct time and, importantly, synchronously among all sensors deployed. This synchronization has to be network wide, including both the wired core network as well as the wireless edge devices. This thesis studies a decentralized and lightweight solution to synchronize and schedule IoT devices over wireless and wired networks adaptively, with very simple local signaling. Furthermore, measurement results have to be transported and aggregated over the same interface, requiring clever coordination among all nodes, as network resources are shared, keeping scalability and fail-safe operation in mind. Furthermore ensuring the integrity of measurements is a complicated task. On the one hand Cryptography can shield the network from outside attackers and therefore is the first step to take, but due to the volume of sensors must rely on an automated key distribution mechanism. On the other hand cryptography does not protect against exposed keys or inside attackers. One however can exploit statistical properties to detect and identify nodes that send false information and exclude these attacker nodes from the network to avoid data manipulation. Furthermore, if data is supplied by a third party, one can apply automated trust metric for each individual data source to define which data to accept and consider for mentioned statistical tests in the first place. Monitoring the cyber and physical activities of an IoT infrastructure in concert is another topic that is investigated in this thesis.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 201
Comparative study of (111) and (100) crystals and capacitance measurements on Si strip detectors in CMS
No full textFor the construction of the silicon microstrip detectors for the tracker of the CMS experiment, two different substrate choices were investigated: A high-resistivity (6 k Omega cm) substrate with crystal orientation and a low-resistivity (2 k Omega cm) one with crystal orientation. The interstrip and backplane capacitances were measured before and after the exposure to radiation in a range of strip pitches from 60 mu m to 240 mu m and for values of the width-over-pitch ratio between 0.1 and 0.5. (3 refs)
DeltaStream: A 36 channel low noise, large dynamic range silicon detector readout ASIC optimised for large detector capacitance
No full textTest results of heavily irradiated Si detectors
No full textA large use of silicon microstrip detectors is foreseen for the intermediate part of the CMS tracker. A specific research and development program has been carried out with the aim of finding design layouts and technological solutions for allowing silicon microstrip detectors to be reliably used on a high radiation level environment. As a result of this work single sided, AC-coupled, polysilicon biased, 300 mu m thick, p(+) on n substrate detectors were chosen. Irradiation tests have been performed on prototypes up to fluence 2 x 10(14) n/cm(2). The detector performances do not significantly change if the detectors are biased well above the depletion voltage. S/N is reduced by less than 20%, still enough to insure a good efficiency and space resolution. Multiguard structures has been developed in order to reach high voltage operation (above 500 V). (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Performance of CMS silicon microstrip detectors with the APV6 readout chip
No full textWe present results obtained with full-size wedge silicon microstrip detectors bonded to APV6 (Raymond et al., Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments, CERN/LHCC/97-60) readout chips. We used two identical modules, each consisting of two crystals bonded together. One module was irradiated with 1.7*10/sup 14/ neutrons/cm/sup 2/. The detectors have been characterized both in the laboratory and by exposing them to a beam of minimum ionizing particles. The results obtained are a good starting point for the evaluation of the performance of the "ensemble" detector plus readout chip in a version very similar to the final production one. We detected the signal from minimum ionizing particles with a signal-to- noise ratio ranging from 9.3 for the irradiated detector up to 20.5 for the non-irradiated detector, provided the parameters of the readout chips are carefully tuned. (9 refs)
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