2,163 research outputs found
Sounds from seeing silent motion: raw datasets from massive on-line survey of the visually-evoked auditory response (vEAR)
No full textRaw data from large on-line survey of visually-evoked auditory response (vEAR), at http://tinyurl.com/vEARsurveyResults are published in Fassnidge, C. & Freeman, E. D. (2018). Sounds from seeing silent motion: Who hears them, and what looks loudest?.Cortex, doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.02.019Two files are provided. The one dated 'June' contains results from a large sample of volunteers who clicked through to the survey from online news articles reporting our previous research. The file dated 'June-Dec' contains data from naive participants recruited from an on-line participant pool. For full details of methodology please refer to the published paper. Note: Column entitled 'Introductory text' contains responses to the question 'Have you previously been aware of experiencing this type of auditory sensation when viewing visual movement?'For more information please email author [email protected]:Hearing-Motion+Survey_June+30,+2017_03.29_merged: main sample of volunteers Hearing-Motion+Survey_Prolific_JuneDec.xlsx: naive paid participants</div
Depolarization and decreased surface expression of K+ channels contribute to NSAID-inhibition of intestinal restitution
No full textNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) contribute to gastrointestinal ulcer formation by inhibiting epithelial cell migration and mucosal restitution; however, the drug-affected signaling pathways are poorly defined. We investigated whether NSAID inhibition of intestinal epithelial migration is associated with depletion of intracellular polyamines, depolarization of membrane potential (Em) and altered surface expression of K+ channels. Epithelial cell migration in response to the wounding of confluent IEC-6 and IEC-Cdx2 monolayers was reduced by indomethacin (100μM), phenylbutazone (100μM) and NS-398 (100μM) but not by SC-560 (1μM). NSAID-inhibition of intestinal cell migration was not associated with depletion of intracellular polyamines. Treatment of IEC-6 and IEC-Cdx2 cells with indomethacin, phenylbutazone and NS-398 induced significant depolarization of Em, whereas treatment with SC-560 had no effect on Em. The Em of IEC-Cdx2 cells was: −38.5±1.8mV under control conditions; −35.9±1.6mV after treatment with SC-560; −18.8±1.2mV after treatment with indomethacin; and −23.7±1.4mV after treatment with NS-398. Whereas SC-560 had no significant effects on the total cellular expression of Kv1.4 channel protein, indomethacin and NS-398 decreased not only the total cellular expression of Kv1.4, but also the cell surface expression of both Kv1.4 and Kv1.6 channel subunits in IEC-Cdx2. Both Kv1.4 and Kv1.6 channel proteins were immunoprecipitated by Kv1.4 antibody from IEC-Cdx2 lysates, indicating that these subunits co-assemble to form heteromeric Kv channels. These results suggest that NSAID inhibition of epithelial cell migration is independent of polyamine-depletion, and is associated with depolarization of Em and decreased surface expression of heteromeric Kv1 channels.ID: S0006295207001931; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0006295207001931; Author: L.C. Freeman (b); Author: D.F. Narvaez (a); Author: A. McCoy (a); Author: F.B. von Stein (c); Author: S. Young (b); Author: K. Silver (a); Author: S. Ganta (b); Author: D. Koch (b); Author: R. Hunter (b); Author: R.F. Gilmour (c); Author: J.D. Lillich (a, ⁎); Affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Keyword: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Keyword: Intestinal epithelial cells; Keyword: Membrane potential; Keyword: Potassium channels; Number of Pages: 12; Language: English;Source type: Electronic(1)http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edselp&AN=S0006295207001931&site=eds-live&scope=sit
Numbers and time doubly dissociate
No full textThe magnitude dimensions of number, time and space have been suggested to share some common magnitude processing, which may imply symmetric interaction among dimensions. Here we challenge these suggestions by presenting a double dissociation between two neuropsychological patients with left (JT) and right (CB) parietal lesions and selective impairment of number and time processing respectively. Both patients showed an influence of task-irrelevant number stimuli on time but not space processing. In JT otherwise preserved time processing was severely impaired in the mere presence of task-irrelevant numbers, which themselves could not be processed accurately. In CB, impaired temporal estimation was influenced by preserved number processing: small numbers made (already grossly underestimated) time intervals appear even shorter relative to large numbers. However, numerical estimation was not influenced by time in healthy controls and in both patients. This new double dissociation between number and time processing and the asymmetric interaction of number on time: (1) provides further support to the hypothesis of a partly shared magnitude system among dimensions, instead of the proposal of a single, fully shared system or of independent magnitude systems which would not explain dissociations or interactions among dimensions; (2) may be explained in terms of a stable hierarchy of dimensions, with numbers being the strongest
Contraction and Expansion: The Divergence of Private Sector and Public Sector Unionism in tht U.S.
No full textThis paper contrasts the differing experience of public sector unionism, which has expanded in the United States, and private sector unionism, which has contracted, in the past several decades. It uses the experience of other countries, particularly Canada, to rule out some explanations of the divergent trends. The paper finds that the major reason for the private sector decline is increased management opposition to union organization, motivated in part by profit-seeking behavior, and augmented by trade union responses; and that the major reason for the public sector union expansion is decreased market opposition due to pas- sage of comprehensive collective bargaining laws and motivated in part by vote-seeking behavior.
Dissociations and interactions between time, numerosity and space processing
No full textThis study investigated time, numerosity and space processing in a patient (CB) with a right hemisphere lesion. We tested whether these magnitude dimensions share a common magnitude system or whether they are processed by dimension-specific magnitude systems. Five experimental tasks were used: Tasks 1-3 assessed time and numerosity independently and time and numerosity jointly. Tasks 4 and 5 investigated space processing independently and space and numbers jointly. Patient CB was impaired at estimating time and at discriminating between temporal intervals, his errors being underestimations. In contrast, his ability to process numbers and space was normal. A unidirectional interaction between numbers and time was found in both the patient and the control subjects. Strikingly, small numbers were perceived as lasting shorter and large numbers as lasting longer. In contrast, number processing was not affected by time, i.e. short durations did not result in perceiving fewer numbers and long durations in perceiving more numbers. Numbers and space also interacted, with small numbers answered faster when presented on the left side of space, and the reverse for large numbers. Our results demonstrate that time processing can be selectively impaired. This suggests that mechanisms specific for time processing may be partially independent from those involved in processing numbers and space. However, the interaction between numbers and time and between numbers and space also suggests that although independent, there maybe some overlap between time, numbers and space. These data suggest a partly shared mechanism between time, numbers and space which may be involved in magnitude processing or may be recruited to perform cognitive operations on magnitude dimensions
Esr Of Rare-earth Impurities (gd, Dy, Er) In Ce: A Study Of The α-cerium Magnetic Properties
No full textESR studies of the rare earth ions Gd, Dy, and Er in Cerium metal are reported for the first time. Evidence that the ESR measurements were performed in the α-Cerium phase is provided. Comparison of our results with previous α-La:Gd and Th:Gd ESR studies supports the idea that the f band contribution to the ESR linewidth and g shift in α-Ce can be neglected. This assumption enable us to extract the enhancement factors of the host d-s and f conduction bands of α-Ce as well as the impurity-conduction electron exchange parameters for Gd, Dy and Er in α-Ce. © 1978.258543546Koskimaki, Gechneidner, Jr., (1975) Phys. Rev. B, 11, p. 4463. , and references thereinGechneidner, Jr., Elliot, McDonald, Effects of alloying additions on the γ ⇋ α transformation of cerium—Part I. Pure cerium (1962) Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 23, p. 555Gechneidner, Jr., Elliot, McDonald, Effects of alloying additions on the α ⇋ γ transformation of cerium (1962) Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 23, p. 1191Gechneidner, Jr., Elliot, McDonald, Effects of alloying additions on the α ⇋ γ transformation of cerium (1962) Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 23, p. 1201Lawrence, Croft, Parks, (1975) Phys. Rev. Letters, 35, p. 289Coqblin, Blandin, Stabilité des Moments Magnétiques Localisés dans les Métaux (1968) Advances in Physics, 17, p. 281Ramirez, Falicov, (1971) Phys. Rev., 3 B, p. 2425Taylor, Electron spin resonance of magnetic ions in metals an experimental review (1975) Advances in Physics, 24, p. 681Hasegawa, Dynamical Properties ofs-dInteraction (1959) Progress of Theoretical Physics, 21, p. 483Davidov, Orbach, Rettori, Shaltiel, Tao, Ricks, (1972) Phys. Rev., 5 B, p. 1711Koopman, Baberschke, Hüfner, Spin resonance of Gd in fcc La-metal (1975) Physics Letters A, 50 A, p. 407Narath, (1967) Hyperfine Interactions, p. 287. , A.J. Freeman, R.B. Frankel, Academic Press, N.Y., LondonRainford, Buras, Lebech, (1977) Physica, 86 B, p. 41(1976) Int. Conference on Magnetism, , AmsterdamDavidov, Rettori, Dixon, Orbach, Chock, (1975) Phys. Rev., 11, p. 3546Narath, Weaver, (1968) Phys. Rev., 175, p. 373Shaw, Warren, (1971) Phys. Rev., 3 B, p. 1562The value of J previously extracted in ref. [8] is different because a different host susceptibility of Th was assumedDavidov, Rettori, Dixon, Baberschke, Chock, Orbach, Crystalline-Field Effects in the Electron-Spin Resonance of Rare Earths in the Noble Metals (1973) Physical Review B, 8 B, p. 5363Tao, Davidov, Orbach, Chock, (1971) Phys. Rev., 4, p. 5Watson, Koide, Peter, Freeman, (1965) Phys. Rev., 139, p. A167BLOCH, J.M., DAVIDOV, D., DOKTER, H., FELNER, I. and SHALTIEL, D. (to be published)Williams, Hirst, (1969) Phys. Rev., 185, p. 407Davidov, Bucher, Rupp, Jr., Longinotti, Rettori, (1974) Phys. Rev., 9 B, p. 287
Hearing what you see: distinct excitatory and disinhibitory mechanisms contribute to visually-evoked auditory sensations
No full textVisual motion or flashing lights can evoke auditory sensations in some people. This large-scale internet study aimed to validate a combined subjective/objective test of the genuineness of this putative form of synaesthesia (visually-evoked auditory response, vEAR). Correlations were measured between each individual’s ratings of the vividness of auditory sensations evoked by a series of looping videos, and measurement of the videos’ physical low-level motion energy, calculated using Adelson and Bergen’s (1985) computational model of low-level visual motion processing. The strength of this association for each individual provided a test of how strongly subjective vEAR was driven by objective motion energy (‘ME-sensitivity’). A second aim was to infer whether vEAR depends on cortical excitation and/or disinhibition of early visual and/or auditory brain areas. To achieve this, correlations were measured between the above vEAR measures and visual contrast surround-suppression, which is thought to index lateral inhibition in the early visual system. As predicted by a disinhibition account of vEAR, video ratings were overall higher in individuals showing weaker surround-suppression. Interestingly, surround-suppression and ME-sensitivity did not correlate. Additionally, both surround-suppression and ME-sensitivity each independently predicted different clusters of trait measures selected for their possible association with cortical excitability and/or disinhibition: Surround-suppression was associated with vEAR self-ratings and auditory-evoked visual phosphenes, while ME-sensitivity was independently associated with ratings of other traits including susceptibility to migraine and pattern glare. Altogether, these results suggest there are two independent mechanisms underlying vEAR and its associated traits, based putatively on cortical disinhibition versus excitability
Adjunctive treatment with oral AKL1, a botanical nutraceutical, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textClaire Brockwell,1 Sundari Ampikaipakan,1,2 Darren W Sexton,1 David Price,3,4 Daryl Freeman,5 Mike Thomas,6 Muzammil Ali,4 Andrew M Wilson1,21Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; 2Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK; 3Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; 4Research in Real Life, Cambridge, UK; 5Mundesley Medical Centre, Mundesley, Norwich, UK; 6Primary Care Research, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKPurpose: The objective of this pilot trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AKL1, a patented botanical formulation containing extracts of Picrorhiza kurroa, Ginkgo biloba, and Zingiber officinale, as add-on therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic cough.Patients and methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled male and female patients >18 years old with COPD and Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score of <18. The 10-week study period comprised a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in period followed by add-on treatment with AKL1 or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. The primary study endpoint was the change from week 0 to week 8 in cough-related health status, as assessed by the LCQ.Results: Of 33 patients enrolled, 20 were randomized to AKL1 and 13 to placebo. Patients included 19 (58%) men and 14 (42%) women of mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 67 (9.4) years; 15 (45%) patients were smokers and 16 (49%) were ex-smokers. The mean (SD) change from baseline in LCQ score at 8 weeks was 2.3 (4.9) in the AKL1 group and 0.6 (3.7) in the placebo group, with mean difference in change of 1.8 (95% confidence interval: –1.5 to 5.1; P=0.28). The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score improved substantially in the AKL1 treatment group by a mean (SD) of –7.7 (11.7) versus worsening in the placebo group (+1.5 [9.3]), with mean difference in change of –9.2 (95% confidence interval: –19.0 to 0.6; P=0.064). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in change from baseline to week 8 in other patient-reported measures, lung function, or the 6-minute walk distance.Conclusion: Further study is needed with a larger patient population and over a longer duration to better assess the effects of add-on therapy with AKL1 in COPD.Keywords: Leicester Cough Questionnaire, anti-inflammatory, Picrorhiza kurroa, Ginkgo biloba, Zingiber officinal
RoMEO Studies 6: Rights metadata for open-archiving
No full textThis is the final study in a series of six emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving) which investigated the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues relating to academic author self-archiving of research papers. It reports the results of a survey of 542 academic authors showing the level of protection required for their open-access research papers. It then describes the selection of an appropriate means of expressing those rights through metadata and the resulting choice of Creative Commons licences. Finally it outlines proposals for communicating rights metadata via the Open Archives Initiative’s Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH)
Looming sounds enhance orientation sensitivity for visual stimuli on the same side as such sounds
No full textSeveral recent multisensory studies show that sounds can influence visual processing. Some visual judgments can be enhanced for visual stimuli near a sound occurring around the same time. A recent TMS study (Romei et al. 2009) indicates looming sounds might influence visual cortex particularly strongly. But unlike most previous behavioral studies of possible audio-visual exogenous effects, TMS phosphene thresholds rather than judgments of external visual stimuli were measured. Moreover, the visual hemifield assessed relative to the hemifield of the sound was not varied. Here, we compared the impact of looming sounds to receding or "static" sounds, using auditory stimuli adapted from Romei et al. (2009), but now assessing any influence on visual orientation discrimination for Gabor patches (well-known to involve early visual cortex) when appearing in the same hemifield as the sound or on the opposite side. The looming sounds that were effective in Romei et al. (2009) enhanced visual orientation sensitivity (d0) here on the side of the sound, but not for the opposite hemifield. This crossmodal, spatially specific effect was stronger for looming than receding or static sounds. Similarly to Romei et al. (2009), the differential effect for looming sounds was eliminated when using white noise rather than structured sounds. Our new results show that looming structured sounds can specifically benefit visual orientation sensitivity in the hemifield of the sound, even when the sound provides no information about visual orientation itself. © The Author(s) 2011
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