274 research outputs found
A bomb and un casino: Intensifiers in English and Italian slanguage
No full textThis paper investigates the way intensifying adverbs combine with verbs which are commonly used in college student slang, alias slanguage ‘teenage talk’ (Stenström 2000 and Stenström et al. 2002) or pubilect ‘dialect of puberty’ (Taylor 1998), in both English and Italian.
My data has been collected from experimental tests checked on English and Italian native speaker students – either male or female (for sex in language see Olivares 1998, Taylor 1998) – aged between eighteen and twenty-three and belonging to identical social background (upper-middle class). The students were shown a list of verbs, mainly of every-day usage (i.e. to cost, to dance, to eat, to study, to smoke, to work, etc.), and asked to intensify them by finding the most appropriate expression(s) in their respective languages. For instance, the English students proposed collocates such as a bomb or an arm and a leg with the verb to cost, whereas the Italian ones suggested using un casino or una sassata with the verb costare (cf. Coveri 1992, Trifone 1993; for empirical support see also Banfi 1992, Forconi 1988).
The results from the selected data chiefly show that the English students had a tendency to replace standard English verbs with idiomatic expressions which are idiosyncratic of their slanguage and typically co-occur with be (e.g. to be a chatterbox ‘to be very talkative’), get (e.g. to get pissed ‘to get extremely drunk’) or have (e.g. to have a hell of a good time ‘to have a very good time’). By contrast, the Italian students tended to maintain the verbs offered, and to merely add some intensifying adverbial expressions to them, as in parlare un fottìo, bere di brutto, and divertirsi da matti.
The linguistic behaviour of both Italian and (most) English adolescents is based on connotative language programming (Taylor 1998), and is socially motivated by 1) the need for autonomy or independence from parental authority, 2) the need to create cohesion among the members of their own peer group, and chiefly 3) the need for expressivity and innovation (cf. Allen 1998, Coveri 1992, Eble 1996, Munro 1997, Partington 1993; for a more recent position see Lorenz 2002, Paradis 2000)
Keeping lexical complexity in slang translation
No full textIn this paper I mainly focus on the translation of linguistic varieties that are culture-specific or belong to a socially restricted speech community. These varieties, including slang, often display forms that rarely have equivalents (i.e. forms that are comparable in meaning and scope) in a different language. However, relevant theories on translation (e.g. Catford 1965, House 1997) state that the translator should assure ‘equivalence’ by preserving the semantic and pragmatic meanings across two different languages, and that a first requirement for equivalence is ‘equivalent function’. Accordingly, the translator should keep low semantic and pragmatic transparency – i.e. polysemy and multifunctionality – in the target language (TL), any time they are motivated by socio-pragmatic purposes (e.g. identification with a group, cryptic reasons, establishing intimacy, etc.) in the source language (SL).
Therefore I believe that the lexical complexity of slang should be preserved in the process of translation. Lexical complexity in slang formations is first of all due to a marked (Merlini Barbaresi 1988), non-diagrammatic (Dressler et al. 1987) relation between the linguistic sign and its signatum. The cognitive area activated by the slang term includes a vast array of extra socio-pragmatic meanings, which typically belong to the restricted community in which the term is used. Recreating the same effects in a different language community by means of an ‘equivalent’ slang formation is nearly impossible. Still what can be recreated is a comparably complex signans/signatum relation. In this paper, I will examine some examples of free conversation which show slang use, ranging from in-group slang to general slang. I will then establish the status of markedness of some slang expressions (e.g. chick, groovy, hit, etc.) on one or more correlated semiotic parameter(s) (esp. transparency and biuniqueness), and finally demonstrate that marked options generally increase complexity and consequent difficulty in perception, and yet they must be kept in translation to preserve the rich layers of associative meanings normally entailed
Convex orderings in affine root systems II
No full textAbstractThis paper contains several results concerning convex orderings in root systems. These results complete the analysis developed in earlier papers by the author. We obtain, in the finite case, a combinatorial characterization of reflections, longest elements in standard parabolic subgroups of the Weyl group of the root system, and of Coxeter elements. In the affine case, a refinement of the main construction done earlier by the author (J. Algebra172, 1995, 613–623) is described; moreover, infinite periodic compatible sets are classified
Come dipingeva il Caravaggio, Atti della giornata di studio (Firenze, Aula Magna dell’Università degli Studi, 28 gennaio 1992)
No full textFranciscans and Mathematics. The Case of Mariotto Guiducci, Friar Minor and Abacus Master (1427- Post 1496
No full textIl contributo intende tracciare un profilo del fiorentino Mariotto Guiducci, frate minore e maestro d’abaco del XV secolo, autore di un trattato matematico conservato alla Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze. Attraverso risultanze archivistiche e bibliografiche edite e inedite, il caso di studio può offrire ulteriori spunti per una riflessione intorno al tema, recentemente ripreso, dei rapporti tra francescanesimo e scienze matematiche fra medioevo e rinascimento. L’indagine proposta si articola in due parti: la prima parte apre uno squarcio sulla famiglia Guiducci e l’insegnamento della matematica pratica a Firenze e a Prato, accennando alla vita conventuale e all’esperienza di insegnante di fra Mariotto; la seconda è dedicata al codice autografo e al Libro d’arismetricha in esso contenuto, espressione di una cultura matematica tipica della tradizione abacistica.The paper focuses on the figure of Mariotto Guiducci, a Florentine franciscan friar and abacus master from the 15th century, author of a mathematical treatise preserved in the National Library of Florence. By archival and bibliographical records, the case study may offer further insights about the topic, recently revived, on the relationship between Franciscanism and the mathematical sciences between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The article is divided in two parts: the first opens a glimpse into the Guiducci family and the teaching of practical mathematics in Florence and Prato, hinting at the convent life and experience of Mariotto; the second part is dedicated to the autograph codex and the Libro d’arismetricha, expression of a mathematical culture typical of the abacus tradition
Extra-grammatical morphology: English acronyms and initialisms
No full textThis paper explores the phenomena of English acronyms and initialisms – of the type Aids, FAQ, laser, SARS or B.B.C., CD, IMHO, OED – which appear intriguing from different perspectives: (1) as cases of extra-grammatical (or expressive) morphology; (2) as instances of complexity in terms of naturalness parameters; (3) as frequent mechanisms in slang formations and jargon; (4) as cases of difficulty in (cross-linguistic) processing and interpretation; (5) as linguistic strategies of discourse economizing and textual efficiency. In this study only points (1) and (2) will be dealt with.
Our interest in these phenomena arises from the widely-spread use of acronyms and initialisms as English word-formation mechanisms. Although long neglected or marginalized by grammarians, these mechanisms are increasingly spreading in many areas, from business and industry to science and technology. Since the mid-twentieth century, they have been extensively used to form names of associations/organizations (FNMA, NATO), medical terms (DNA, HIV), computer abbreviations (DOS, HTML), and other common words everybody is familiar with (GSM, PIN, sms, etc.). Hence, their applicability is high, and symptomatic of a correlated morphological productivity. Yet there are a number of counterexamples which in some way depart from the ordinary patterns, and which will be the focus of our analysis.
The qualitative analysis conducted here has two aims. Firstly, it intends to provide a primary categorization of acronyms and initialisms, and to distinguish them from similar abbreviations of various type. Secondly, and more importantly, it intends to discuss such processes in the light of some current theories – viz. Extra-grammatical and Natural Morphology – as a way to discriminate between prototypical and marginal types, and to propose a hierarchy based on (a) criteria of extra-grammaticality, and (b) naturalness/markedness parameters
Prospettive linguistico-cognitive nell’interpretazione del testo parodico
No full textL’articolo costituisce una riflessione sui testi parodici che variano un medesimo ipotesto secondo modi e finalità diversi tra loro (l’esempio che si propone è il confronto tra La pioggia sul cappello di Luciano Folgore e Piove di Eugenio Montale, due tra le parodie più note della Pioggia nel pineto dannunziana). Pur tenendo conto di alcune descrizioni tradizionali del fenomeno parodico, si suggerisce un’ipotesi interpretativa fondata sulla teoria dell’integrazione concettuale. Formulato nell’ambito della Cognitive linguistics da Gilles Fauconnier e Mark Turner, il modello non è proposto come alternativa alle visioni correnti della parodia né rinnega le acquisizioni della critica letteraria in merito ai testi presi in esame, ma piuttosto viene suggerito come possibile paradigma di riferimento per un’ipotesi esplicativa delle dinamiche cognitive in gioco nell’interpretazione di due diversi tipi di parodia.The article is a reflection on parodic texts which vary the same hypotext in different ways and with different purposes (the case study is a comparative analysis between the two dannuntian parodies, La pioggia sul cappello, by Luciano Folgore, and Piove, by Eugenio Montale). While taking into consideration some traditional descriptions of the parodic phenomenon, the Author suggests an interpretation based on Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner’s Blending (or Conceptual integration) Theory. The model is not proposed as an alternative to the current analysis of parody, nor does it deny the acquisitions of literary criticism about the texts under examination. Instead, it is suggested as a potential paradigm for an explanatory hypothesis of the cognitive dynamics involved in the interpretation of two different types of parodies
Il laboratorio cinese
No full textIl contributo analizza l'evoluzione storica dei rapporti tra la Sante Sede e la Repubblica popolare cinese durante i pontificati di Giovanni Paolo II, Benedetto XVI e Francesco, mettendo in rilievo sia i tratti di continuità sia le novità introdotte da ciascun pontefice. In particolare vengono indagate, in una prospettiva storica e geo-politica globale, le ragioni della forte discontinuità nelle scelte della Santa Sede, collocabile nel 2009, e la sostanziale continuità nelle posizioni dei tre papi considerati verso i cattolici cinesi
‘A Local Habitation and a Name’: The Dublin Mechanics’ Institute and the Evolution of Dublin’s Public Sphere, 1824–1904
No full textThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Research for this article has been partially funded by the University of Oviedo through the Emerging Research Project PAPI-17-PEMERG-18 and a Campus de Excelencia staff mobility grant (2018)
Prototipe Pengendali Lampu Papi Pada Runway Berbasis Plc Dan Hmi Untuk Bandar Udara
No full textEvery airport always has an Airfield Lighting System (AFL) as a visual aid for landing, taking off, and taxiing aircraft so that flights run safely. One of the AFL is the Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) which functions as a pilot guide to provide the right landing angle signal on touch downs on the runway. PAPI consists of 4 boxes, namely boxes A, B, C, and D where each box has 2 PAPI lamps so that if you add up there are 8 PAPI lamps. Especially at Adi Soemarmo International Airport, Surakarta, the location between PAPI and Constant Current Regulator is very far away and there is no direct monitoring and control of PAPI. In the event that the PAPI is damaged, the technician receives information from the tower in advance and there is a delay in handling, this can affect flight security and safety. For the problems found, the author provides a solution, namely making a PAPI monitoring and controlling system using the CP1E N30SDR-A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Human Machine Interface (HMI) as the monitor display. The method used is the Voltage Divider voltage sensor which is connected to the PAPI and the ultrasonic sensor SRF05 to detect the altitude of the aircraft and then forward it to the Arduino, after that the PLC will receive data from the Arduino which is forwarded to the HMI as a monitor display. This tool can work well in terms of ultrasonic sensors, voltage readings and monitors on the HMI. The results of testing the voltage sensor on this tool are that it has an error in box A 3.92%, box B 1.28%, box C 4.7%, box D 2.09%
- …
