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Perfecting the union ::national and state authority in the US Constitution /
No full textIn 'Perfecting the Union', Max M. Edling focuses on the reform of the American Union brought about by the framing and adoption of the Constitution and the resulting division of duties and powers between the national government and the states. He argues that the Constitution profoundly altered the structure of the American Union and made the federal government more effective than under the defunct Articles of Confederation, but does not accept that federal power expanded at the expense of the states
A Hercules in the Cradle:War, Money, and the American State, 1783-1867
No full textTwo and a half centuries after the American Revolution the United States stands as one of the greatest powers on earth and the undoubted leader of the western hemisphere. This stupendous evolution was far from a foregone conclusion at independence. The conquest of the North American continent required violence, suffering, and bloodshed. It also required the creation of a national government strong enough to go to war against, and acquire territory from, its North American rivals.In A Hercules in the Cradle, Max M. Edling argues that the federal government’s abilities to tax and to borrow money, developed in the early years of the republic, were critical to the young nation’s ability to wage war and expand its territory. He traces the growth of this capacity from the time of the founding to the aftermath of the Civil War, including the funding of the War of 1812 and the Mexican War. Edling maintains that the Founding Fathers clearly understood the connection between public finance and power: a well-managed public debt was a key part of every modern state. Creating a debt would always be a delicate and contentious matter in the American context, however, and statesmen of all persuasions tried to pay down the national debt in times of peace. A Hercules in the Cradle explores the origin and evolution of American public finance and shows how the nation’s rise to great-power status in the nineteenth century rested on its ability to go into debt
Endotoxin-, glutamate- and drug-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity with emphasis on signal transduction mechanisms
No full textInflammatory cells such as monocytes and glial cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic- or drug-induced brain or liver injury. Excessive concentrations of glutamate is toxic to neural cells, and triggers a series of transcriptional events beginning with the expression of the immediate early genes like c-fos and c-jun, which in turn affect the expression of other genes necessary for the development of brain injury. Glial cells are important mediators in such response as they are responsible for the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines which in turn will cause recruitment of immune cells into the brain. Using primary rat glial cell cultures we found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced c-fos expression was p38 MAPK-dependent and occurred via the activation of the SRE or the CRE elements in the promoter. In contrast to what has been shown in neurons, we found that glutamate-induced c-fos expression in glial cells involves a novel calciumdependent pathway. This mechanism requires the participation of mGluR5, mobilization of ER-calcium and de-repression of DREAM at the DRE element in the c-fos promoter.Similar mechanisms of inflammation as seen in the brain also occur in the liver, where Kupffer cells play a similar role functioning as the hepatic macrophages in their ability to release pro-inflammatory cytokines. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a major problem in drug development since preclinical in vitro as well as in vivo animal models usually are of little value for prediction of hepatotoxicity in humans. Pure hepatocyte cultures are generally not a sensitive enough model system to predict drug-induced cytotoxicity. We therefore developed a novel in vitro system containing both monocytes and hepatocytes. Ximelagatran (thrombin inhibitor) as well as the PPAR-gamma agonists troglitazone (hepatotoxic) and rosiglitazone (not hepatotoxic) were used as model compounds.Studies in single cultures of monocytes (THP-1) showed a ximelagatran dependent release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and decreased cell viability, which was shown by inhibitors to involve the JNK- and ERK-signal transduction pathways.A novel human in vitro co-culture model system containing THP-1 and hepatocytes (Huh-7) was established where the cells were separated by a permeable membrane. In such cocultures troglitazone-induced cytotoxicity was more apparent and observed earlier than using single cultures of either Huh-7 or THP-1 cells, whereas rosiglitazone showed no cytotoxicity in either system. The troglitazone effect was accompanied by a much greater expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and several other stress-related genes using the co-culture system as compared to single cell type cultures. Conditioned medium from troglitazone-treated THP-1 cells decreased the viability of Huh-7 cells indicate the release of monocyte-derived mediators. It is concluded that such co-culture system might constitute a valuable tool for predictions of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.List of scientific papersI. Simi A, Edling Y, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Tindberg N (2005). Activation of c-fos by lipopolysaccharide in glial cells via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent activation of serum or cyclic AMP/calcium response element. J Neurochem. 92(4): 915-24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15686494II. Edling Y, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Simi A (2007). Glutamate activates c-fos in glial cells via a novel mechanism involving the glutamate receptor subtype mGlu5 and the transcriptional repressor DREAM. Glia. 55(3): 328-40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17120244III. Edling Y, Andersson T. B., Porsmyr-Palmertz M, Ingelman-Sundberg M (2007). Pro-inflammatory response and adverse drug reactions: mechanisms of action of ximelagatran on chemokine and cytokine activation in a monocyte in vitro model. [Submitted]IV. Edling Y, Sivertsson L, Butura A, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Ek M (2008). Increased sensitivity for drug-induced hepatotoxicity using a novel human in vitro coculture model. [Submitted]</p
Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways in pancreatic cancer--from molecular signalling to clinical trials
No full textCaffeine and the analog CGS 15943 inhibit cancer cell growth by targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway
No full textA revolution in favor of government origins of the U.S. Constitution and the making of the American state
No full textIn this new interpretation of America's origins, Max Edling argues the the Federalists were primarily concerned with building a government that could act vigorously in defense of American interests. The Constitution transferred the powers of war making and resource extraction from the states to the national government thereby creating a nation-state invested with all the important powers of Europe's eighteenth-century "fiscal-military states." A strong centralized government, however, challenged the American people's deeply ingrained distrust of unduly concentrated authority. To secure the Constitution's adoption the Federalists had to accommodate the formation of a powerful national government to the strong current of anti-statism in the American political tradition. They did so by designing a government that would be powerful in times of crisis, but which would make only limited demands on the citizenry and have a sharply restricted presence in society. The Constitution promised the American people the benefit of government without its costs
The Phenomenology of Specialization of Criminal Suspects
No full textA criminal career can be either general, with the criminal committing different types of crimes, or specialized, with the criminal committing a specific type of crime. A central problem in the study of crime specialization is to determine, from the perspective of the criminal, which crimes should be considered similar and which crimes should be considered distinct. We study a large set of Swedish suspects to empirically investigate generalist and specialist behavior in crime. We show that there is a large group of suspects who can be described as generalists. At the same time, we observe a non-trivial pattern of
specialization across age and gender of suspects. Women are less prone to commit crimes of certain types, and, for instance, are more prone to specialize in crimes related to fraud. We also find evidence of temporal specialization of suspects. Older persons are more specialized than younger ones, and some crime types are preferentially committed by suspects of different ages
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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