2,202 research outputs found
Identidad y fiscalidad: los gazis de Sevilla ante el pago del Servicio Morisco de 1597
No full textIn this paper the author analyses the resistence of cultural Islamic rooted groups, such as the Mudejares and gazis, to be included in the “Service of Grenadans”, which was created after the expulsion of the Moriscos from the Kingdom of Granada in 1591. Based on studies from different sources, mainly notary records, the paper reconstructs the evolution of the gazi and Berber categories from their presence in the kingdom of Granada as of 1502 until their deportation after the Alpujarras war. The author researches how the interpretation and assessment of these two categories changes depending on the interest and position of the different parties involved in the fiscal equalization process that the Moriscos imposed onto other minor categories of the new converted population in Castilian land during the XVI century. The reluctance of Sevillian Mudejares and gazis to pay the new tax shows the differences existing not only within the Morisco community but also between this community and the rest of the Islamic based population in Castile, due to the diverse geographical origin of each group and the conflicts between the deported Grenadan citizen hierarchies with individuals from different origins and social structures.En este trabajo se analiza la resistencia de grupos de raigambre cultural islámica como los mudéjares y gazis a su inclusión en el «servicio de los naturales del Reino de Granada» creado tras la expulsión de los moriscos de dicho reino a partir de 1591. A través del análisis de diversa documentación, fundamentalmente notarial, se reconstruye la evolución de las categorías de gazi y berberisco desde su presencia en el reino de Granada tras 1502 hasta su ulterior deportación tras la guerra de las Alpujarras. Se estudia aquí la variable interpretación y valoración de estas dos categorías según el interés y posición de los distintos actores implicados en el proceso de homogeneización fiscal que los moriscos impusieron a otras categorías menores de la población neoconversa presente en suelo castellano en el siglo XVI. La resistencia de los mudéjares antiguos y gazis de la ciudad de Sevilla muestra las divergencias que existían tanto en el seno de la comunidad morisca como entre ésta y el resto de gentes de origen islámico en Castilla, que se debían a la diversidad de origen geográfico de su procedencia así como a la colisión de las jerarquías deportadas desde la ciudad de Granada con individuos de otra procedencia y estructuras sociales diferentes
Taxation and Identity: The Sevillian Gazis and the Morisco Tax Payment in 1597
No full textEn este trabajo se analiza la resistencia de grupos
de raigambre cultural islámica como los
mudéjares y gazis a su inclusión en el «servicio
de los naturales del Reino de Granada»
creado tras la expulsión de los moriscos de
dicho reino a partir de 1591. A través del análisis
de diversa documentación, fundamentalmente
notarial, se reconstruye la evolución de
las categorías de gazi y berberisco desde su
presencia en el reino de Granada tras 1502
hasta su ulterior deportación tras la guerra de
las Alpujarras. Se estudia aquí la variable interpretación
y valoración de estas dos categorías
según el interés y posición de los distintos
actores implicados en el proceso de homogeneización
fiscal que los moriscos impusieron
a otras categorías menores de la población neoconversa
presente en suelo castellano en el
siglo XVI. La resistencia de los mudéjares antiguos
y gazis de la ciudad de Sevilla muestra
las divergencias que existían tanto en el seno
de la comunidad morisca como entre ésta y el
resto de gentes de origen islámico en Castilla,
que se debían a la diversidad de origen geográfico
de su procedencia así como a la colisión
de las jerarquías deportadas desde la
ciudad de Granada con individuos de otra procedencia
y estructuras sociales diferentes.In this paper the author analyses the resistence
of cultural Islamic rooted groups, such as the
Mudejares and Gazis, to be included in the
“Service of Grenadans”, which was created
after the expulsion of the Moriscos from the
Kingdom of Granada in 1591. Based on studies
from different sources, mainly notary
records, the paper reconstructs the evolution
of the Gazi and Berber categories from their
presence in the kingdom of Granada as of
1502 until their deportation after the Alpujarras
war. The author researches how the interpretation
and assessment of these two
categories changes depending on the interest
and position of the different parties involved
in the fiscal equalization process that the
Moriscos imposed onto other minor categories
of the new converted population in Castilian
land during the XVI century. The reluctance
of Sevillian Mudejares and Gazis to pay the
new tax shows the differences existing not
only within the Morisco community but also
between this community and the rest of the Islamic
based population in Castile, due to the
diverse geographical origin of each group and
the conflicts between the deported Grenadan
citizen hierarchies with individuals from different
origins and social structures
Wild life passer species recognition from a technical passage through data fusion of a wireless sensor network
No full textDevelopment and diffusion of building-integrated photovoltaics: analysing innovation dynamics in multi-sectoral technologies
No full textThe ongoing transformation of the energy system along a more sustainable trajectory
requires advancements in a range of technological fields, as well as active involvement
of different societal groups. Integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in the built
environment in particular is expected to play a crucial long-term role in the deployment
of renewable energy technologies in urban areas, demanding the successful cooperation of
planners, architects, engineers, scientists and users. The realisation of that technological
change will require innovation at both an individual (within firms and organisations)
and a collective (sector) level, giving rise to systemic approaches for its characterisation
and analysis of its drivers.
This study investigates the processes that either accelerate or hinder the development
and diffusion of Building-Integrated PV (BIPV) applications into the market. Affected
by developments in both the renewable energy and construction industries, the BIPV
innovation system is a multi-sectoral case that has been explored only partially up to
now. Acknowledging the fact that drivers of innovation span the globalised BIPV supply
chain, this research adopts both an international and a national spatial perspective
focusing on the UK.
The analysis is based on a novel analytical framework which was developed in order
to capture innovation dynamics at different levels, including technological advancements
within firms, competition and synergy with other emerging and established innovation
systems and pressures from the wider socio-economic configuration. This hybrid
functional framework was conceived by combining elements from three academic strands:
Technological Innovation Systems, the Multi-Level Perspective and Business Studies.
The empirical research is based on various methods, including desktop research, semi-structured
interviews and in-depth firm-level case studies. A thorough market assessment
provides the techno-economic background for the research. The hybrid framework is
used as a guide throughout the empirical investigation and is also implemented in the
analytical part of the study to organise and interpret the findings, in order to assess the
overall functionality of the innovation system.
The analysis has underlined a range of processes that affect the development and
diffusion of BIPV applications including inherent technological characteristics, societal
factors and wider transitions within the energy and construction sectors. Future
approaches for the assessment and governance of BIPV innovation will need to address
its hybrid character and disruptiveness with regards to incumbent configurations, in
order to appreciate its significance over the short and long term.
Methodological and conceptual findings show that the combination of insights from
different analytical perspectives offers a broader understanding of the processes affecting
innovation dynamics in emerging technologies. Different approaches can be used in
tandem to overcome methodological weaknesses, provide different analytical perspectives
and assess the performance of complex innovation systems, which may span multiple
countries and sectors. By better reflecting complexities, tensions and synergies, the
framework developed here offers a promising way forward for the analysis of emerging
sustainable technologies
New Trends in Homeric Scholarship Homer’s Name, Underworld and Lyric Voice
No full textL’articolo presenta un saggio di alcune fra le tendenze che più hanno rinnovato gli studi omerici negli ultimi anni e che più possono interessare anche i non specialisti. Nel quadro del rinnovato interesse per la “storicità” dei poemi, favorita da nuove scoperte archeologiche e da una migliore conoscenza degli stretti rapporti fra epica greca e tradizioni vicino-orientali, Andrea Debiasi propone una convincente interpretazione del nome di Omero, che indica in lui il “performer-agonista” per eccellenza e ne proietta la biografia fantastica sullo sfondo delle guerre che segnarono l’Eubea in età arcaica. Quello che in Omero è chiaramente fuori dalla carta geografica e dal tempo storico è invece oggetto dello studio di George Gazis, dedicato all’Ade: un mondo invisibile agli stessi dèi, sottratto al tempo allo spazio e quindi luogo di incubazione per la consapevole invenzione, anche poetica – negli studi recenti, il ritorno della “storia” è andato di pari passo con la tendenza opposta ma perfettamente compatibile di ritrovare nei poemi una giustapposi-zione continua e sistematica fra realia e rappresentazioni simboliche. Infine, Cecilia Nobili mostra che l’epica omerica presuppone l’esistenza di generi poetici, come l’elegia, che sono attestati solo in epiche più tarde: dire che la lirica nasce da un confronto oppositivo con l’epica si rivela quindi non più vero del suo contrario, e la svolta “soggettiva” spesso attribuita all’epica ellenistica e poi romana ha in realtà un saldo ancoraggio nello stesso Omero.This paper hosts three case-studies that are meant to be representative of paradigmshifting trends in Homeric Studies and to cater to specialists and non-specialists alike. Boosted by new archaeological findings and by an increased awareness of Homer’s Near-Eastern entanglements, the “historicity” of the poems has regained centre stage. Against this backdrop, Andrea Debiasi develops a persuasive interpretation of Homer’s name, whose meaning points to the performative-agonistic dimension of Homeric poetry in the context of the clashes that characterized Euboia in the archaic age. By contrast, George Gazis focuses on the one aspect of the Homeric world that cannot possibly be mapped onto space and history, namely Hades. The underworld is unfathomable even for the gods, which accounts for its potential as a trigger of poetic invention. No less than Debiasi’s, this approach resonates with recent scholarship: a return to “history” is often complemented by an opposite, but fully compatible, “symbolic” trend, which has unraveled the systematic juxtaposition, in Homer’s world, between “history” and symbolic constructs. Finally, Cecilia Nobili shows that Homeric epics builds on pre-existing poetic genres such as elegy, although the earliest extant examples of the latter date to a later time. The claim that lyric poetry emerges though a confrontation with epics, then, is no less plausible than its opposite. One more important consequence of Nobili’s approach is that the “subjective” turn scholars have long recognized in Hellenistic and Roman epics is in fact firmly grounded in Homer himself
Development of a cost-effectiveness model for optimisation of the screening interval in diabetic retinopathy screening
No full textBACKGROUND:
The English NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme was established in 2003. Eligible people are invited annually for digital retinal photography screening. Those found to have potentially sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) are referred to surveillance clinics or to Hospital Eye Services.
OBJECTIVES:
To determine whether personalised screening intervals are cost-effective.
DESIGN:
Risk factors were identified in Gloucestershire, UK using survival modelling. A probabilistic decision hidden (unobserved) Markov model with a misgrading matrix was developed. This informed estimation of lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in patients without STDR. Two personalised risk stratification models were employed: two screening episodes (SEs) (low, medium or high risk) or one SE with clinical information (low, medium-low, medium-high or high risk). The risk factor models were validated in other populations.
SETTING:
Gloucestershire, Nottinghamshire, South London and East Anglia (all UK).
PARTICIPANTS:
People with diabetes in Gloucestershire with risk stratification model validation using data from Nottinghamshire, South London and East Anglia.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Personalised risk-based algorithm for screening interval; cost-effectiveness of different screening intervals.
RESULTS:
Data were obtained in Gloucestershire from 12,790 people with diabetes with known risk factors to derive the risk estimation models, from 15,877 people to inform the uptake of screening and from 17,043 people to inform the health-care resource-usage costs. Two stratification models were developed: one using only results from previous screening events and one using previous screening and some commonly available GP data. Both models were capable of differentiating groups at low and high risk of development of STDR. The rate of progression to STDR was 5 per 1000 person-years (PYs) in the lowest decile of risk and 75 per 1000 PYs in the highest decile. In the absence of personalised risk stratification, the most cost-effective screening interval was to screen all patients every 3 years, with a 46% probability of this being cost-effective at a £30,000 per QALY threshold. Using either risk stratification models, screening patients at low risk every 5 years was the most cost-effective option, with a probability of 99-100% at a £30,000 per QALY threshold. For the medium-risk groups screening every 3 years had a probability of 43-48% while screening high-risk groups every 2 years was cost-effective with a probability of 55-59%.
CONCLUSIONS:
The study found that annual screening of all patients for STDR was not cost-effective. Screening this entire cohort every 3 years was most likely to be cost-effective. When personalised intervals are applied, screening those in our low-risk groups every 5 years was found to be cost-effective. Screening high-risk groups every 2 years further improved the cost-effectiveness of the programme. There was considerable uncertainty in the estimated incremental costs and in the incremental QALYs, particularly with regard to implications of an increasing proportion of maculopathy cases receiving intravitreal injection rather than laser treatment. Future work should focus on improving the understanding of risk, validating in further populations and investigating quality issues in imaging and assessment including the potential for automated image grading
New Trends in Homeric Scholarship Homer’s Name, Underworld and Lyric Voice
No full textThis paper hosts three case-studies that are meant to be representative of paradigm-shifting trends in Homeric Studies and to cater to specialists and non-specialists alike. Boosted by new archaeological findings and by an increased awareness of Homer’s Near-Eastern entanglements, the “historicity” of the poems has regained centre stage. Against this backdrop, Andrea Debiasi develops a persuasive interpretation of Homer’s name, whose meaning points to the performative-agonistic dimension of Homeric poetry in the context of the clashes that characterized Euboia in the archaic age. By contrast, George Gazis focuses on the one aspect of the Homeric world that cannot possibly be mapped onto space and history, namely Hades. The underworld is unfathomable even for the gods, which accounts for its potential as a trigger of poetic invention. No less than Debiasi’s, this approach resonates with recent scholarship: a return to “history” is often complemented by an opposite, but fully compatible, “symbolic” trend, which has unraveled the systematic juxtaposition, in Homer’s world, between “history” and symbolic constructs. Finally, Cecilia Nobili shows that Homeric epics builds on pre-existing poetic genres such as elegy, although the earliest extant examples of the latter date to a later time. The claim that lyric poetry emerges though a confrontation with epics, then, is no less plausible than its opposite. One more important consequence of Nobili’s approach is that the “subjective” turn scholars have long recognized in Hellenistic and Roman epics is in fact firmly grounded in Homer himself.L’articolo presenta un saggio di alcune fra le tendenze che più hanno rinnovato gli studi omerici negli ultimi anni e che più possono interessare anche i non specialisti. Nel quadro del rinnovato interesse per la “storicità” dei poemi, favorita da nuove scoperte archeologiche e da una migliore conoscenza degli stretti rapporti fra epica greca e tradizioni vicino-orientali, Andrea Debiasi propone una convincente interpretazione del nome di Omero, che indica in lui il “performer-agonista” per eccellenza e ne proietta la biografia fantastica sullo sfondo delle guerre che segnarono l’Eubea in età arcaica. Quello che in Omero è chiaramente fuori dalla carta geografica e dal tempo storico è invece oggetto dello studio di George Gazis, dedicato all’Ade: un mondo invisibile agli stessi dèi, sottratto al tempo allo spazio e quindi luogo di incubazione per la consapevole invenzione, anche poetica – negli studi recenti, il ritorno della “storia” è andato di pari passo con la tendenza opposta ma perfettamente compatibile di ritrovare nei poemi una giustapposi-zione continua e sistematica fra realia e rappresentazioni simboliche. Infine, Cecilia Nobili mostra che l’epica omerica presuppone l’esistenza di generi poetici, come l’elegia, che sono attestati solo in epiche più tarde: dire che la lirica nasce da un confronto oppositivo con l’epica si rivela quindi non più vero del suo contrario, e la svolta “soggettiva” spesso attribuita all’epica ellenistica e poi romana ha in realtà un saldo ancoraggio nello stesso Omero
Ludovico de Gazis (foglio miniato dal Graduale bellunese- -scheda)
No full textScheda e contestualizzazione storico culturaledel Graduale bellunese, manoscritto appartenuto al frate bellunese Francesco da Bolzano, con cenni sulla biblioteca del possessore
E-polis: A serious game for the gamification of sociological surveys
No full textE-polis is a multi-platform serious game that gamifies a sociological survey
for studying young people's opinions regarding their ideal society. The
gameplay is based on a user navigating through a digital city, experiencing the
changes inflicted, triggered by responses to social and pedagogical surveys,
known as "dilemmas". The game integrates elements of adventure, exploration,
and simulation. Unity was the selected game engine used for the development of
the game, while a middleware component was also developed to gather and process
the users' data. At the end of each game, users are presented with a blueprint
of the city they navigated to showcase how their choices influenced its
development. This motivates them to reflect on their answers and validate them.
The game can be used to collect data on a variety of topics, such as social
justice, and economic development, or to promote civic engagement and encourage
young people to think critically about the world around them.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures, Proceedings of the International Conference on
Applied Mathematics & Computer Science (ICAMCS) 202
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