9 research outputs found
Chas. Godfrey Leland
No full textTitle from unverified information on negative sleeve.Famous poet and author. Article Legend of "Bernadus," in Illustrated News, Jan., 1853 by Leland.Forms part of Brady-Handy Photograph Collection (Library of Congress)
A Parody of Psalm 8 in Job 7:17-19
No full textThe book of Job presents us with a shocking story of a righteous man. He does everything what the Law says. Yet, he suffers. He looks for the answer of his suffering and finds nothing satisfactory. Uniquely, in chapter 7, the protagonist laments. The form of his lamentation somehow reminds its readers a poem similar to Psalm 8. However, there is a big contrast. Psalm 8 is a joyful hymn. Psalm 8 expresses mans confidence in Gods faithful love. Yet, Job 7 contains a distress of man who experiences God as a cruel watchman. He feels that his life is completely under Gods surveillance that makes him suffocated. Based on its literary genre, Job 7 is considered as a parody. Parody works by adapting a previously popular literary work into a new one, but with different intentions. In this paper, the intention of Jobs author is going to be examined. Through the short analysis of its literary form, what can be found is that the author of Job 7 purposefully conveys a sharp criticism to the general notion of the Wisdom Tradition of that era. The Wisdom Tradition emphasizes much on the faith in God based on the relation between punishment and reward. This emphasis has reduced the complexity of human suffering
Analisis Vegetasi Mangrove di Kelurahan Bonkawir Kota Waisai Kabupaten Raja Ampat
No full textThe high level of land conversion and utilization for wood extraction in the mangrove ecosystem in Bonkawir Village, Raja Ampat Regency impacts environmental degradation. Damage of mangrove ecosystems results in a decrease in the diversity and abundance of fish populations. The lack of scientific information about the current condition of the mangrove ecosystem on the coast of Bonkawir Village is an important reason to conduct a study related to the analysis of mangrove vegetation. This study aimed to identify mangrove species, describe the composition, density, frequency, dominance, and Important Value Index (INP) of mangroves on the coast of Bonkawir Village, Waisai District, Raja Ampat Regency. Data were collected using the line plot transect method at three observation stations then it is analyzed to find out the INP. Based on the observation, it is known that the types of mangroves found at the study site were 14 families consisting of 20 species. Species scattered throughout the station were Rhizopora apiculata, Rhizopora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Xylocarpus granatum, and Derris trifoliate. The condition of the substrate which is dominated by muddy sand and water quality parameters that affect the growth of mangroves in general still meet the quality standards of mangrove growth. The Rhizopora apiculata had the highest Relative Density, Relative Frequency, and Relative Dominance in the tree category at Stations I and II so it had the highest INP at both stations. The tree category Bruguiera gymnorrhiza has the highest INP at Station III. At Station I the species with the lowest INP was found in Rhizopora mucronata; at Station II was Xylocarpus muloccensis. Meanwhile, Bruguiera parviflora and Ceriops decandra in the tree category together have the lowest INP at Station III.Tingginya alih fungsi lahan serta pemanfaatan untuk pengambilan kayu pada ekosistem mangrove di Kelurahan Bonkawir Kabupaten Raja Ampat berdampak pada degradasi lingkungan. Kerusakan ekosistem mangrove mengakibatkan penurunan tingkat keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan populasi ikan. Minimnya informasi ilmiah tentang kondisi terkini ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Kelurahan Bonkawir menjadi alasan penting untuk melakukan kajian terkait analisis vegetasi mangrove. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis mangrove, mendeskripsikan komposisi, kerapatan, frekuensi, dominansi, dan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) Mangrove di pesisir pantai Kelurahan Bonkawir Distrik Waisai Kota Kabupaten Raja Ampat. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode transek garis berpetak pada tiga stasiun pengamatan, selanjutnya dianalisis untuk mengetahui INP. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan diketahui bahwa jenis mangrove yang ditemukan pada lokasi penelitian sebanyak 14 family yang terdiri dari 20 jenis. Jenis yang tersebar di seluruh stasiun adalah Rhizopora apiculata, Rhizopora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Xylocarpus granatum, dan Derris trifoliate. Kondisi subtrat yang didominasi pasir berlumpur dan parameter kualitas perairan yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mangrove secara umum masih memenuhi baku mutu pertumbuhan mangrove. Jenis Rhizopora apiculata memiliki Kerapatan Relatif, Frekuensi Relatif, dan Dominansi Relatif tertinggi pada kategori pohon di Stasiun I dan II sehingga memiliki INP tertinggi pada kedua stasiun tersebut. Adapun jenis Bruguiera gymnorrhiza kategori pohon memiliki INP tertinggi di Stasiun III. Pada Stasiun I jenis dengan INP terendah ditemui pada jenis Rhizopora mucronata dan pada Stasiun II adalah Xylocarpus muloccensis. Adapun Bruguiera parviflora dan Ceriops decandra kategori pohon sama-sama memiliki INP terendah di Stasiun III
Altitudinal Patterns of Insect Pest and Natural Enemy Diversity in Tidore Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.): A Qualitative Systematic Review Protocol
No full textBackground and rationale:
Altitude is a key environmental gradient influencing insect pest diversity and natural enemy communities in agricultural ecosystems. Tidore chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), widely cultivated across different elevation zones on Tidore Island, provides an important model for understanding elevation-related ecological dynamics. However, existing studies are fragmented across regions and systems. A systematic synthesis is necessary to identify general patterns and ecological mechanisms affecting pest and natural enemy diversity along altitudinal gradients, particularly in tropical island agroecosystems.
Objectives:
This systematic review aims to synthesize published ecological evidence on how altitude influences insect pest diversity, natural enemy communities, and pest–natural enemy interactions in chili pepper agroecosystems.
Primary research question:
How does altitude affect insect pest diversity in chili pepper agroecosystems?
Secondary questions:
1. How do natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) respond to altitudinal gradients?
2. How do pest–natural enemy interactions vary across elevation zones?
3. What ecological mechanisms explain elevation-related diversity patterns?
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:
• Studies reporting ecological field data on insect pests and/or natural enemies
• Studies conducted in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L. or Capsicum spp.) or comparable crops
• Studies examining elevation or altitude gradients
• Studies reporting diversity metrics (abundance, richness, diversity indices)
• Studies conducted in tropical or subtropical agroecosystems
• Peer-reviewed journal articles
Exclusion criteria:
• Studies without primary ecological data
• Studies lacking clear sampling or identification methods
• Molecular-only studies without ecological interpretation
• Non-insect organisms
• Duplicate publications
• Unavailable full text
Search strategy:
Literature searches will be conducted using the following databases:
• Scopus
• Web of Science
• ScienceDirect
• DOAJ
• Google Scholar
• SINTA-indexed journals
• Institutional repositories
Search keywords will include combinations of:
“Capsicum frutescens”, “Tidore chili pepper”, “Capsicum spp.”,
“insect pest”, “insect diversity”,
“natural enemies”, “predators”, “parasitoids”,
“altitude”, “elevation gradient”,
“agroecosystem”, “tropical agriculture”.
Boolean operators (AND, OR) will be used.
Study selection process:
Study selection will follow PRISMA 2020 guidelines:
1. Identification
2. Screening (title and abstract)
3. Eligibility (full-text review)
4. Inclusion
Data extraction:
Data extracted will include:
• Author and year
• Study location
• Elevation range
• Crop type
• Insect taxa
• Diversity indices
• Environmental variables
• Pest–natural enemy interactions
Quality assessment:
Study quality will be evaluated using modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria adapted for ecological research.
Data synthesis:
A qualitative narrative synthesis will be conducted. Studies will be grouped into elevation categories:
• Low elevation: 0–200 m asl
• Mid elevation: 200–400 m asl
• High elevation: 400–700 m asl
Meta-analysis will not be performed due to heterogeneity in study design and ecological metrics.
Timeline:
Protocol registration: 2026
Literature search: 2026
Screening and extraction: 2026
Manuscript preparation: 2026
Keywords:
Capsicum frutescens, Tidore chili pepper, insect pest, natural enemies, altitude, elevation gradient, agroecosystem, systematic revie
Altitudinal Patterns of Insect Pest and Natural Enemy Diversity in Tidore Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.): A Qualitative Systematic Review Protocol
No full textBackground and rationale:
Altitude is a key environmental gradient influencing insect pest diversity and natural enemy communities in agricultural ecosystems. Tidore chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), widely cultivated across different elevation zones on Tidore Island, provides an important model for understanding elevation-related ecological dynamics. However, existing studies are fragmented across regions and systems. A systematic synthesis is necessary to identify general patterns and ecological mechanisms affecting pest and natural enemy diversity along altitudinal gradients, particularly in tropical island agroecosystems.
Objectives:
This systematic review aims to synthesize published ecological evidence on how altitude influences insect pest diversity, natural enemy communities, and pest–natural enemy interactions in chili pepper agroecosystems.
Primary research question:
How does altitude affect insect pest diversity in chili pepper agroecosystems?
Secondary questions:
1. How do natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) respond to altitudinal gradients?
2. How do pest–natural enemy interactions vary across elevation zones?
3. What ecological mechanisms explain elevation-related diversity patterns?
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:
• Studies reporting ecological field data on insect pests and/or natural enemies
• Studies conducted in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L. or Capsicum spp.) or comparable crops
• Studies examining elevation or altitude gradients
• Studies reporting diversity metrics (abundance, richness, diversity indices)
• Studies conducted in tropical or subtropical agroecosystems
• Peer-reviewed journal articles
Exclusion criteria:
• Studies without primary ecological data
• Studies lacking clear sampling or identification methods
• Molecular-only studies without ecological interpretation
• Non-insect organisms
• Duplicate publications
• Unavailable full text
Search strategy:
Literature searches will be conducted using the following databases:
• Scopus
• Web of Science
• ScienceDirect
• DOAJ
• Google Scholar
• SINTA-indexed journals
• Institutional repositories
Search keywords will include combinations of:
“Capsicum frutescens”, “Tidore chili pepper”, “Capsicum spp.”,
“insect pest”, “insect diversity”,
“natural enemies”, “predators”, “parasitoids”,
“altitude”, “elevation gradient”,
“agroecosystem”, “tropical agriculture”.
Boolean operators (AND, OR) will be used.
Study selection process:
Study selection will follow PRISMA 2020 guidelines:
1. Identification
2. Screening (title and abstract)
3. Eligibility (full-text review)
4. Inclusion
Data extraction:
Data extracted will include:
• Author and year
• Study location
• Elevation range
• Crop type
• Insect taxa
• Diversity indices
• Environmental variables
• Pest–natural enemy interactions
Quality assessment:
Study quality will be evaluated using modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria adapted for ecological research.
Data synthesis:
A qualitative narrative synthesis will be conducted. Studies will be grouped into elevation categories:
• Low elevation: 0–200 m asl
• Mid elevation: 200–400 m asl
• High elevation: 400–700 m asl
Meta-analysis will not be performed due to heterogeneity in study design and ecological metrics.
Timeline:
Protocol registration: 2026
Literature search: 2026
Screening and extraction: 2026
Manuscript preparation: 2026
Keywords:
Capsicum frutescens, Tidore chili pepper, insect pest, natural enemies, altitude, elevation gradient, agroecosystem, systematic revie
Flipped Learning Berbasis Pedagogi Ignasian pada Kuliah Perjanjian Baru Fakultas Teologi Universitas Sanata Dharma
No full textResponding to the needs of students in this digital era, the utilization of educational technology must be welcomed and used properly in the classroom. Flipped Learning (FL) is one of them. The implementation of flipped-learning by involving audio-visual content and the utilization of digital media will certainly help students to further absorb learning materials. Using devices, students can access lecture materials before the meeting. Sanata Dharma University also uses a Learning Management System (LMS) that can be optimized to support this flipped-learning. This paper aims to discuss the application of FL in “Introduction to New Testament” courses at the Faculty of Theology and the evaluation of this method. The method used is participatory observation of the author as lecturers involved in this FL-based learning and also literature study related to the basic concepts of FL to help deliver material to students in this digital era. The results showed that the application of this FL based on Ignatian pedagogy helped students to have an intellectual, participatory, and practical learning experience
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN BARANG KERAJINAN TAS TRADISIONAL BALI MENGGUNAKAN METODE PIECES
No full textABSTRACTTraditional handicrafts are items of high economic value, therefore many people buy traditional handicraft items and even collect them, Betek is one of the traditional handicraft items which is a characteristic of Bali, more precisely in the Banjar Sega area, Bunutan Village, Abang, Karangasem . Bunutan Village, Abang, Karangasem is a village where the handicrafts of Betek bags are produced which are initially less economically valuable, but after being given a new design touch, both in terms of size and decoration, in the form of ornaments with aesthetic values that are modern and function multipurpose and can be used as women's bags which seems environmentally friendly and has a higher prestige value and is very authentic and has a different artistic power in terms of social aesthetics.In the sales process, the sale of Betek bags is still traditional and there is no technological touch in the form of system design and interface design of computer-based applications, in the current sales process, errors often occur in the process of recording item codes and prices, besides notes Sales notes are also not well managed due to a poor filing system, starting from the sales transaction process, the process of calculating revenue, data collection of goods prices, to inventory data which are still managed manually which is only recorded on paper or books, and sometimes only using estimate. This makes the quality of the information obtained is not optimal, less efficient and of course the possibility of misinformation is quite large.Because of these problems, the author will conduct research in the form of analyzing existing problems, then designing a sales information system model that is in accordance with the situation and conditions and finally designing an application prototype which is an implementation of the system to be built. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a sales information system model and ordering Betek bag crafts, the research design used was the PIECES method approach, with system development tools in the form of flowcharts, context diagrams, DFD, and database design tools proposed in the form of ERD and design input and design prototype output so that in the future this information system model can be a reference for building a sales application that will be used by Betekk bag craftsmen in Banjar Sega, Bunutan Village, Abang, Karangasem.Keywords: Betek, PIECES, prototype, information system.ABSTRAKBarang kerajinan tradisional merupakan barang yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi, oleh karena itu banyak orang yang membeli barang kerajinan tradisional bahkan mengoleksinya, Betek adalah salah satu barang kerajinan tradisional yang merupakan ciri khas dari Bali, lebih tepatnya di daerah Banjar Sega, Desa Bunutan, Abang, Karangasem. Desa Bunutan, Abang, Karangasem merupakan desa tempat memproduksi kerajinan tas betek yang awalnya kurang bernilai ekonomis, namun setelah diberikan sentuhan desain yang baru, baik dari segi ukuran maupun hiasan berupa ornament yang bernilai estetika yang bernuansa modern dan berfungsi multiguna dan bisa digunakan sebagai tas wanita yang terkesan ramah lingkungan dan mempunyai nilai gengsi yang lebih tinggi dan sifatnya sangat authentic serta memiliki daya seni yang berbeda dari segi estetika sosialnya. Dalam proses penjualannya, penjualan tas betek masih tradisional dan belum ada sentuhan teknologi yang berupa perancangan sistem dan perancangan antarmuka dari aplikasi berbasis komputer, dalam proses penjualannya saat ini, seringkali terjadi kesalahan-kesalahan dalam proses pencatatan kode barang dan harga barang, selain itu nota-nota penjualan juga tidak dikelola dengan baik oleh karena sistem pengarsipan yang kurang baik, mulai dari proses transaksi penjualan, proses perhitungan pendapatan, pendataan harga barang, hingga data persediaan barang juga masih dikelola dengan cara manual yang hanya dicatat dikertas atau buku, dan terkadang hanya menggunakan perkiraan. Hal ini membuat kualitas informasi yang didapatkan tidak maksimal, kurang efisien dan tentunya kemungkinan terjadinya kesalahan informasi cukup besar. Oleh karena permasalahan tersebut, penulis akan melakukan penelitian yang berupa analisa permasalahan yang ada, kemudian merancang sebuah model sistem informasi penjualan yang sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi dan terakhir adalah merancang prototype aplikasi yang merupakan implementasi dari sistem yang akan dibangun. Penelitian ini dilakukan yang bertujuan untuk mendesain sebuah model sistem informasi penjualan dan pemesanan kerajinan tas betek, desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan pendekatan metode PIECES, dengan alat bantu pengembangan sistem berupa flowchart, diagram konteks, DFD, dan alat perancangan database yang diusulkan berupa ERD serta perancangan input dan prototype perancangan outputnya sehingga kedepannya model sistem informasi ini dapat menjadi referensi untuk membangun sebuah aplikasi penjualan yang akan digunakan oleh para pengrajin tas Betekk di Banjar Sega, Desa Bunutan, Abang, Karangasem.Kata kunci : Betek, PIECES, prototype, sistem informas
KEPADATAN, KARAKTER MORFOLOGI, DAN PERTUMBUHAN LAMUN Cymodocea rotundata DI PANTAI YANKARWAR, MANOKWARI, PAPUA BARAT: APAKAH ADA PERBEDAAN DIANTARA ZONA INTERTIDAL?
No full textCymodocea rotundata is a seagrass species that occupy habitats in the intertidal zone. The ability of this species to occupy the intertidal zone is thought to be related to its particular morphological adaptations in response to fluctuations in local aquatic environmental conditions. This study aims to describe habitat conditions, distribution related to density, morphological differences, and growth among C. rotundata seagrass stands in the upper, middle, and lower intertidal zones of Yankarwar Beach, Manokwari, West Papua. Transects and quadrats methods were used to collect seagrass samples, so information on their distribution and density could be obtained. The seagrass samples collected were also analyzed (counted and measured) for their morphological characters including the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, horizontal sheath internode length, root length, stand weight, leaf weight, rhizome weight, and root weight. Seagrass growth was obtained by marking the leaves and observing them for 10 days. The results of this study indicate that the conditions of the physicochemical parameters of the intertidal waters are still suitable for the growth of this seagrass species. The highest density was found in the upper intertidal zone (3,161.73 stands.m-2) and followed by the middle intertidal zone (962.04 stands.m-2). Although most of the morphological characters of seagrasses and seagrass parts were relatively the same between the three intertidal zones, larger leaf widths and lengths of horizontal rhizome internodes were found in stands in the two upper intertidal zones. Differences in growth as reflected by the increase in leaf length and dry leaf weight also showed greater values in the upper and middle intertidal zones. This condition shows the adaptability of this seagrass species to variations in environmental parameter conditions in the middle and upper intertidal zone. In addition, the results of this study indicate the presence of C. rotundata, especially in the intertidal aquatic environment which has an important ecological role, including as a substrate stabilizer. Therefore, this vegetation conservation effort is very important.
Keywords: intertidal zone, morphological adaptation, seagrass growt
A Parallel Algorithm to Generate Connected Network Motifs
No full text[[abstract]]Network of interactions among bio-molecules is fundamental to biological processes. Many works have shown that molecular networks can be analyzed by decomposing the networks into smaller modules named network motifs. We hypothesize that identifying the set of possible 5-node motifs embeds in a network is a necessary step to elucidate the complex topology of a network. To achieve this goal, it requires to determine the complete set of motifs that are compose of five connected nodes. We developed an algorithm to remove motifs compose of disconnected components and implemented a parallelized algorithm to reduce the computation time. Our experiment demonstrated that the proposed parallel algorithm is approximately 1.3 times faster than serial programming for identifying 5-node motifs with all the nodes connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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