57 research outputs found
Measuring military organizational culture : the development of command culture effectiveness scale
No full textThe purpose of this study was to develop an empirically based, reliable and valid instrument for measuring command culture effectiveness. The research conceptualized factors of command culture effectiveness and developed a scale to measure them.
Researched focused on a German Armed Forces command culture, named Auftragstaktik (translated, adopted by Western militaries and better known as Mission Command), which was as a method of competitive advantage and a way to achieve German victories in the battlefields of WWII.
Author researched factor descriptors from existing literature and created starting theoretical model. Then scale items were created. Following the common practice for new scale development, exploratory factor analysis was be used to extract main factors. When interpreted, these factors replaced starting theoretical model, and remaining items comprised the measurement instrument.
The multi-factor command culture effectiveness scale can be used both descriptively and diagnostically. Among other things, it presents a practical way to measure an organization’s command culture effectiveness and can initially be used to establish a baseline level of command culture effectiveness. From there, it can be used as a metric to chart the organization’s efforts as it moves to engender effective command culture
Final works of the easel painting restoration students at Vilnius Art Academy
No full textReikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos dailės muziejus; Molbertinės tapybos restauravimas; Paveikslai; Prano Gudyno restauravimo centras; Restauracija; Studentai; Tapyba; Vilniaus dailės akademija; Centre; Images; Lithuanian Art Museum; Painting; Pranas Gudynas Restoration; Restoration; Students; The Easel Painting Restoration; Vilnius Art AcademyUntil 1997 the qualification of easel painting and monumental art (wall-painting) restoration at the Vilnius Art Academy could only be acquired during MA studies. However, since 1997 Vilnius Art Academy began to qualify restorers of easel painting and monumental art in the third year of BA studies. Then on September 15,1999 a Monument Department was established. Due to the fact that Vilnius Art Academy does not have all the necessary basis for the research of cultural heritage objects, the Monument Department is supported by Pranas Gudynas Restoration Centre (branch of the Lithuanian Art Museum). This Restoration Centre provides forthcoming restorers and restoration technologists with all the necessary facilities for practice classes and research activities. The collaboration of the Art Academy and the Restoration Centre in qualifying painting restorers is extremely important for young specialists. Theoretical knowledge, acquired through studies, is supplemented by practical skills, which students acquire by observing the work of expert restorers during workshops and while restoring paintings for their final exams. This article presents some of the most interesting works that have been restored by Vilnius Art Academy graduates at the Pranas Gudynas Restoration Centre. The author of the article analyses all the restoration techniques that were used to restore each painting. In 2007 the BA graduate Karolina Aleškevičiūtė (under the guidance of Balys Pakštas and Linas Lukoševičius) restored the painting “St. Stanislaw Bishop”, which belonged to Balninkai Church of St. Stanislaw the Bishop (Molėtų r.) and which was received from the Museum of Kaunas Archdiocese. During the same year the BA graduate S. Poderis (under the guidance of Balys Pakštas and Linas Lukoševičius) restored the painting “Madonna of the Gates of Dawn”, which arrived from the Samogitian Alka Museum; the M A graduate Birutė Urbelytė (under the guidance of Balys Pakštas and Linas Lukoševičius) restored the painting “St. Antonio Padovani with the Child” from the collections of the Lithuanian Art Museum. All the above-mentioned graduates were assessed brilliantly for their final works. A lot of scientific material was gathered about the restored works and the comparative analysis was made
CARLO SCHMITTO POLITINĖS TEOLOGIJOS STATUSO PROBLEMA
No full textStraipsnio tikslas – Carlo Schmitto politinės teologijos statuso analizė. Siekiama įrodyti, kad Schmitto pristatyta koncepcija negali būti suprasta kaip teisės sąvokų sociologija, kaip ją kai kuriuose darbuose apibūdino pats autorius. Ji taip pat negali būti aiškinama kaip teologijos dalis, kaip tai daro daugelis dabartinių interpretuotojų. Schmittas „politinės teologijos“ vardu pavadino politikos teorijai priskirtiną projektą, pagrįstą teologinių prielaidų įvedimu į filosofiją. Tai primena XIX a. katalikų reakcionierių Josepho de Maistre’o, Louiso de Bonaldo ir Juano Donoso Corteso politinę filosofiją.
Pagrindiniai žodžiai: politinė teologija, teisės sąvokų sociologija, politiškumas, katalikų politinė filosofija
Carl Schmitt’s Political Theology: The Status Problem
Linas Jokubaitis
Abstract
The aim of the article is the analysis of the status of Carl Schmitt’s political theology. It is argued that this conception can not be understood as a sociology of juristic concepts as it was described by its author. Today many interpretators attempt to explain political theology as a part of theology. This interpretation is deficient in some of its parts. Schmitt was developing a political theory which he called “political theology”. This project has to be understood as an attempt to use theological argumentations and insights in the discourse of political philosophy. Schmitt’s attempt to create a synthesis of theology and philosophy for the study of politics is similar to the aims of reactionary XIX century Catholic political philosophy of Joseph de Maistre, Louis de Bonald and Juan Donoso Cortes.
Keywords: political theology, sociology of juristic concepts, Catholic political philosophy.
Transformational leadership in military education: Lithuanian case study
No full textCC BY-NC 4.0The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the successful transfer of transformational leadership program and coaching practice to Lithuanian military education. The authors of this paper propose that the universal nature and theory of transformational leadership is fully applicable to any military organization. Through enhanced learning, feedback and interaction practices any organization will achieve a permanent competitive advantage. A case study of educational system transfer from Finland to Lithuania based on results in Gen. J. Žemaitis Military Academy (MAL) is presented. As a conclusion further interest should be placed on troop level competence development and measurement
Linas Eriksonas. National Heroes and National Identities. Scotland, Norway and Lithuania : recenzija
No full textLino Eriksono monografija „Tautos didvyriai ir tautiniai tapatumai: Škotija, Norvegija ir Lietuva“ 2004 m. išleista anglų kalba Briuselyje. Autorius kėlė sau uždavinį išnagrinėti trijų šalių, esančių skirtingose Europos dalyse, didvyriškumo tradicijas, atsižvelgiant į bendrą politinę kiekvienos šalies raidą bei įvairius politinio ir kultūrinio gyvenimo aspektus. Tyrimas pradedamas nuo Škotijos, nes čia dar viduramžiais užgimusi didvyriškumo idėja šalyje pasiekė aukščiausią lygį, tautinio didvyrio idėja nebuvo sukompromituota ir, skirtingai nei Lietuvoje ar Norvegijoje, niekada nebuvo paaukota nepilietiškam nacionalizmui. Anot autoriaus, Norvegijos visuomenei būdinga kokybiškai vidutinio lygio didvyriškumo tradicijų sklaida, o Lietuvoje, istoriko manymu, reiškėsi dar menkiau reflektuotas tautinis didvyriškumas. Nagrinėdamas Lietuvos atvejį autorius sulaužė ne vieną Lietuvos istoriografijos stereotipą, suformulavo naujas prielaidas. Tiesa, jų pagrindimui pritrūko šiuolaikinės lietuviškosios istoriografijos pozicijų įtraukimo į diskursą. Atsietai nuo esamo istoriografijos įdirbio suformuluotos hipotezės praranda dalį savo patikimumo, nes neaišku ar autoriaus argumentai būtų atrodę tokie pat pagrįsti gretinant juos su funkcionuojančiais kitų istorikų darbuose, skirtose tai pačiai temai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Škotija; Norvegija (Norway); Nacionaliniai; Dydvyriai; Tapatumas; National Identity; National Heroes; ScotlandA monograph by Linas Erikson "National Heroes and National identities: Scotland, Norway and Lithuania “was published in English in Brussels in 2004. The aim of the author was to analyse heroic traditions of the three countries situated in different corners of Europe, with regard to the common political development of each country and various political and cultural aspects of their lives. Scotland is the first country analysed, since the idea of heroism emerged here as far back as the Middle Ages and reached its highest peach. The idea of a national hero was not compromised, and unlike in Lithuania and Norway, it was never sacrificed for non-civil nationalism. As the author claims, Norwegian society witnessed the development of average heroic traditions, whereas Lithuania, according to historians, experienced even poorer reflection of national heroism. Analysing the case of Lithuania, the author broke more than one stereotype of Lithuanian historiography and suggested new assumptions. However, those assumptions were not grounded due to failure to include positions of the Lithuanian historiography into the discourse. The hypotheses proposed by the author were not included into the Lithuanian historiography thus losing their credibility, since it is not clear whether the author’s arguments would have seemed credible if they had been compared with works of other historians concerned with the same matter
Replication package for "Extending the Range of Bugs That Automated Program Repair Can Handle"
No full text<pre><strong>Replication package for "Extending the Range of Bugs That Automated Program Repair Can Handle"</strong>
This repository contains the replication package for the paper <br>
<em>Extending the Range of Bugs That Automated Program Repair Can Handle</em><br>Omar I. Al-Bataineh, Leon Moonen and Linas Vidziunas.
Published in the Journal of System and Software (JSS). 2023.
DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.111918" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1016/j.jss.2023.111918</a>
<strong>How to install</strong>
Pull the docker container from DockerHub or build it using the Dockerfile in <br>the project root directory.
<code> docker pull linasvidz/extending-apr</code>
<br><strong>How to run</strong>
<code> docker run -it -w /opt/Bugs/ linasvidz/extending-apr /bin/bash</code>
The docker container already contains the configured buggy projects. <br>The configurations for the termination bugs have been generated by the <br>~Repair/generate_project.sh~ script.
To perform repair on a pre-configured bug, enter the bug's root directory <br>and run the following command:
<code> cd /opt/Bugs/termination/Adding_Subtracting_Zero_1_NT.c && genprog configuration
</code>
<strong>Directory structure</strong>
<code>.
├── Bugs Buggy source code and generated patches
│ ├── performance-elaborate Elaborate performance bug
│ ├── performance-simple Simple performance bug
│ └── termination Termination bugs
├── Repair Source code
├── Dockerfile
├── LICENSE
├── Makefile
├── README.md
└── termination.prp Termination property for UAutomizer</code>
<strong>License</strong>
All files in this repository are distributed under the MIT license,
except for the termination bugs in the folder `Bugs/termination`.
These originate from https://github.com/FSE2022benchmarks/termination,
which is distributed under the GPL3 license.
<strong>Citation and Zenodo links</strong>
Please site this work by referring to the paper:
<em>Extending the Range of Bugs That Automated Program Repair Can Handle</em><br>Omar I. Al-Bataineh, Leon Moonen and Linas Vidziunas.
Published in the Journal of System and Software (JSS). 2023.
DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.111918" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1016/j.jss.2023.111918</a></pre>
<pre><code>@article{bataineh2023:extending,
title = {Extending the Range of Bugs That Automated Program Repair Can Handle},
author = {Omar I. {Al-Bataineh} and Moonen, Leon and Vidziunas, Linas}
journal = {Journal of Systems and Software (JSS)},
year = {2023},
pages = {111918},<br> publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {automated program repair, bug classification, hybrid techniques, <br> non-observable and liveness bugs},
doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2023.111918},
}</code>
The GitHub repository containing the code to automatically collect the
dataset can be found at <a href="https://github.com/secureIT-project/extendingAPR" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/secureIT-project/extendingAPR</a>,
released with DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10397656" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.5281/zenodo.10397656</a>.
</pre><pre><strong>Acknowledgement</strong><br><br>This work has been financially supported by the Research Council of
Norway through the secureIT project (RCN contract #288787).</pre>
Sun of Stalin and the moon of Bush
No full textReikšminiai žodžiai: Karinis blokas; Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimas, lietuvių išeivija, Linas J. Kojelis; NATO; Stalikas; European Union; Lithuania; Military block; NATO; Restoration of the Lithuanian independence, Lithuanian diaspora, Linas J. Kojelis; Stalin; Europos Sąjunga (European Union)The uninvestigated pages of the blockade of Lithuania’s independency. Under discussion are two memoranda from the year 1990 written by Linas Kojelis, an activist of Lithuanian exile community in the USA, who sent them to a Lithuanian diplomat Stasys Lozoraitis as well as to some American politicians. It is likely that the US administration used them to justify its policy of non-recognition of the re-established independency Lithuania’s. The letters stun by reactionary radicalism. They not only recommend to revoke the declaration and accompanying laws, but also to dispense with democratic elections, returning all power into the hands of the same Moscow-subordinated communist party. The author wonders: are there some extra-terrestrial powers that make the venerated Lithuanian elite act against national freedom
Quality evaluation of accommodation services provided by Telšiai city companies according to SERVQUAL methodology. Master‘s work.
No full textIn the master‘s work there are analyzed services provided by accommodation companies, analyzed and systematized theoretic and practical material of different Lithuanian and foreign authors, presented evaluation and management of services‘ quality, criteria of services‘ quality evaluation, classification of accommodation companies. There was performed the analysis of the quality of accommodation services provided by Telšiai city companies according to SERVQUAL methodology. There does not prove a hypothesis formulated by the author that the quality of accommodation services provided by Telšiai city companies does not satisfy the needs of most clients
Does the fact of the distribution of the land as personal farming land to villagers takes away the right of pretenders to restitute private property rights to the same piece of the land?
No full textMagistriniame tyrimo darbe analizuojamos žemės nuosavybės Lietuvoje istorinės ir teisinės prielaidos bei iš to išplaukiantis nuosavybės teisių atkūrimo procesas, kurio didžiausias kliuvinys savininkams, siekusiems atkurti nuosavybės teises į žemę natūra pasirodė esąs asmeninių ūkių šioje žemėje skyrimas. Darbe išanalizuotos problemos, su kuriomis praktiškai susiduria asmenys, siekiantys įgyvendinti savo subjektinę ir Konstitucijos ginamą teisę į nuosavybę. Atkreipiamas dėmesys, jog Lietuvos teisės mokslo autoriai beveik neanalizuoja Žemės reformos istorinių ir teisinių pagrindų, o apsiriboja vien tik teoretiniais svarstymais apie restitucijos idėjos tobulumą, neanalizuodami nuosavybės teisių atkūrimo tam tikrų įstatymų ir poįstatyminių aktų taikymo problemų vykdomosios valdžios institucijose kaip mirusios teisės normos apraiškos fenomeno. Darbe siekiama pažvelgti giliai ir išsamiai į Lietuvos teismų darbą, kuris buvo atliktas nagrinėjant žemės teisės bylas, kuriose susikirto asmeninių ūkių įgijėjų bei žemės savininkų, siekusių susigrąžinti žemę natūra, interesai, analizuojamos teisės taikymo ir aiškinimo taisyklės bei prieinama išvados, jog netgi konkrečią teisės taikymo ir aiškinimo taisyklę sukūrę ir įgyvendinę teisėjai kartais jos iš viso netaiko. Todėl darbe prieinama išvados, jog būtina užtikrinti teisėjų darbo kokybę, kontrolę bei etiką, nes netinkamai nagrinėjant bylas, susijusias su pamatine demokratine vertybe – teise į nuosavybę, yra pakertamas konstitucinis valstybės pamatas. Darbe yra apibendrinamos Lietuvos Teismų praktikos bylos ir nustatoma, jog yra 4 taisyklės, reglamentuojančios teisės taikymą ir aiškinimą žemės nuosavybės teisių atkūrimo bylose. Darbe iškeliamos 2 hipotezės, pirmoji - jog žemės nuosavybės atkūrimo įstatymo tam tikri straipsniai tebuvo mirusi teisės norma, praktikoje beveik neįgyvendinama, jeigu vykdomosios valdžios pareigūnai atsisakydavo ją vykdyti. Antroji hipotezė - nuosavybės teisių atkūrimo procesui nebuvo pasirengta tinkamai, nes šį procesą apsunkino tai, jog nebuvo panaikintas Lietuvos Aukščiausiosios Tarybos nutarimas „Dėl sodybinių sklypų išplėtimo“ . Asmeninių ūkių įgijėjų ir žemės savininkų priešprieša taip pat paaiškintina ideologiniu nesuderinamumu tarp komunistinių ir liberaliųjų idėjų. Žemės savininko ir vykdomosios valdžios atstovo priešprieša paaiškinama išankstiniu konfliktu, užprogramuotu privačios ir viešosios teisės susidūrime. Kokybinio tyrimo duomenų analizė atskleidžia, jog iš esmės asmeninių ūkių suteikimo faktas žemėje, kurią siekia atkurti savininkai, neužkerta kelio nuosavybės teisių atkūrimui į tokią žemę.In this resarch the problems of the 1991 Lithuanian Land Reform are being analyzed. The main problem is that starting the Reform mentioned Lithuania‘s legislature didn‘t postpone the desicion of the Parliament, 26th of July, 1990, regarding establishement of the personal farming of villagers. According to the idea of the restitution, based in Lithuania‘s legal constitutional tradition and based on the just expectations, Land Reform should have been great democratical project, partly restoring previous civil order, which was destroyed by the Soviet occupation by nacionalizing all immovable property. In this paper having analysed Lithuania‘s scientific papers regarding Land Reform issues author didn‘t choose solely thoeretical analysis as Lithuanian scientist didn‘t analyse this problem of two social groups interests claiming the right to the same piece of land. That is why author used broad range of the social science methodology, interviewed plaintiffs and land owners, analyzed Lithuanian Supreme Court‘s practice regarding cases between personal farm owner and the real owner of the same land according to the restitution idea. It is concluded that Lithuanian Land Reform partly collapsed because the law of the restitution didn‘t come into practice what means that law remained unimplemented. The results of the research suggest that not only legislature didn‘t guarantee the due process of law during the Land Reform, but also judges and the attorneys where not ready for such kind of cases and most of the time such cases where decided wrongly - not following legal practice rules which where adopted by Lithuanian Supreme Court already long time ago. The biggest Lithuania‘s problem is that there is no mechanism of controlling judges, the rules regarding control of judges as it is shown in the case study example doesn‘t work in practice in Lithuania. Author states that on of the biggest problems in the process of the restitution of the land property was the fact that officials of the legislature didn‘t implement valid Land laws, but all the work of interpreting law have left to judges. As until now there is no adequate control of judges in Lithuania, and only since 2009 there is practice of the concuring oppinion in Lithuania‘s courts, restitution of the land property of such land, which is ruled by the third parties – so called personal farming land owners – becomes very complicated and hardly it is succesfull to achieve restitution of the land property, when legislature, state‘s officials and even courts many times refuse to use valid Land laws in legal practice. In this research author derives 4 existing rules of the legal practice regarding cases where restitution problems are being solved. Regarding those rules author analyses court cases and investigates, whether judges have followed those specific rules. In this work author points at the problems of the legal science in Lithuania, when during two decades of independence no scientific research regarding chosen problem has been done. Legal scientists most often make no practical research, but mostly rewrite the norms and laws, claiming, that the idea of the restitution of the land property was constitutional and democratical approach of the state. No practical difficulties trying to protect the rights promised in the Constitution are being analyzed. That comes from the Soviet times when the science and the courts were strongly controlled by the Comunist party. But nowadays in the author‘s oppinion there is nothing to fear and land reform‘s problems must be analyzed trying to find out the main reasons that caused difficulties of the restitution of the property in Lithuania in those areas where big groups of people received personal farming land ownership. In this research author makes case analysis analyzing cases of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, also one case which is pending at the moment in Kaunas district court and concludes that during land reform big mechanism of controlling and terorizing land owners has been created, and this mechanism can cause situations that land owner would give up because of the activities of judges, procecutors, states lawyers and the lawyers of the defendants. Respondent analysis shows that many times lawyers has worked not for the interests of the clients in such kind of cases. Courts made desicions following emotions, corruption and other factors, incompatible with the valid law regarding Land Resform and the Civil Process Law. The analysis of the Supreme Court Cases show that in some cases courts didn‘t follow their own practice and legal rules, broke the law and Government‘s desicions concerning personal farming land‘s legal regulation. In this research 2 hypothesis are being raised. The first hypothesis suggests that some parts of the law concerning restitution of property in Lithuania have left as dead norms of the law, because were never implemented and used in real legal practice, if officials refused to follow those norms. The second hypothesis states, that the process was initially made controversial because of the valid law concerning fullfilling needs of the villagers distributing pieces of land of 2 hectares in the villages. It is also concluded, that according to political philosophy, such project had to collapse, as marxism is incompatible with liberalism, as well as public law gets into conflict with the private law. The results of the research suggest that even though the land was given to the third parties as the personal farming land, it is not a factor that can ban real land owner from the implementing his right of the restitution to such land property
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