49,510 research outputs found
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
New approaches to solar tracking and concentration through numerical optimization of lens arrays
No full textSolar concentrators are essential for enabling several solar energy applications, including high-efficiency photovoltaic conversion and high-temperature solar thermal energy. These concentrators require accurate solar tracking, commonly performed by rotating them towards the sun, which adds to the bulk and complexity of the system.
In this thesis, we investigate optically tracking the sun using millimeter-scale translation instead of rotating the complete concentrator — a concept known as tracking integration. We show how the performance of these systems can be pushed beyond the current state of the art through a broad exploration of the design space using a custom sequential ray-tracer in combination with memetic multi-objective optimization algorithms. We explore two classes of tracking integration: beam-steering lens arrays that consist of an afocal stack of lens arrays, and microtracking concentrators that concentrate sunlight to an array of discrete focal spots where micro-PV cells can convert the solar energy to electricity. Further, we propose possible étendue-squeezing solar concentrator designs that may benefit from tracking integration.
First, we perform a broad exploration of beam-steering lens array configurations for full-day stationary solar tracking. We identify several promising configurations, including one capable of redirecting sunlight into a 2000x concentration ratio at a two-axis ±60◦tracking range. Finally, we demonstrate a line-focus concentrator with a simulated effective concentration ratio of 218x at a ±1◦ acceptance angle that employs étendue squeezing to go beyond the conventional two-dimensional concentration limit. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of how a line-focus concentrator can be directly designed as a three-dimensional concentrator to operate beyond the 2D limit (which is 57x at the ±1◦ acceptance angle). This concentrator, combined with beam-steering lens arrays, may enable the development of a new class of highconcentration trough-like solar concentrators
Frivillighetens autonomi : Frivillighetssentraler i møte med det offentlige
No full textFrivillige organisasjoner og sammenslutninger i den sivile sfære blir ofte fremhevet som vesensforskjellige fra offentlige og markedsbaserte organisasjoner. Implisitt i litteraturen om frivillige organisasjoner som tilhørende en egen sektor, hviler en generell påstand om at organisasjonene – til tross for omfattende pengeoverføringer fra det offentlige – er å anse som autonome. Denne påstanden står på mange måter i et motsetningsforhold til nyere organisasjonsteori, hvor organisasjoner blir ansett som påvirkelige og avhengige av eksterne aktører.
Med institusjonell organisasjonsteori (Meyer & Rowan 1977, DiMaggio & Powell 1983) og teorier om organisasjoners ressursavhengighet (Aldrich & Pfeffer 1976, Pfeffer & Salancik 1978) som analytisk ledetråd, viser jeg i den oppgaven hvordan avhengighet av legitimitet og anerkjennelse, samt tilgangen til nødvendige ressurser i form av penger og frivillige, påvirker den frivillige virksomheten. Som case for å belyse forholdet mellom frivillig virke og omgivelsene har jeg valgt de norske frivillighetssentralene, slik disse har utviklet seg fra etableringen på begynnelsen av 1990-tallet og frem til i dag. Frivillighetssentralene er en frivillige basert enhet, dog fullfinansiert av penger fra lokale og nasjonale myndigheter. Sentralene illustrerer det som er blitt karakterisert som de frivillige organisasjoners grunnleggende dilemma: Å bli støttet, men ikke styrt (Johansson 2001:9-11).
Oppgavens empiriske materiale består av historiske data, offentlige dokumenter samt intervjudata. Den empiriske gjennomgangen viser at frivillighetssentralene forholder seg til ulike – og til dels motstridende – oppfatninger av hva som er sentralenes rolle og oppgave. Mens det fra statlig hold blir signalisert at sentralene skal være en autonom tilrettelegger for alt frivillig virke i nærmiljøet, synes flere kommuner å oppfatte sentralene som en offentlig finansiert hjelpeinstans for eldre og pleietrengende. Frivillige lag og foreninger uttrykker skepsis til sentralene, som de oppfatter som en lokal konkurrent som stjeler sårt tiltrengte økonomiske og menneskelige ressurser. Ulike forpliktelser gjør at de daglige lederne ved sentralene søker å tilpasse virksomheten for å oppnå legitimitet og anerkjennelse hos de eksterne aktørene. Noen krav må vike, mens andre fører til faktiske tilpasninger av virksomheten. Et sentralt funn i oppgaven er at kommunens forventninger til virksomheten i praksis synes å trumfe departementets oppfatning av hva sentralene skal være. Dette til tross for at ledelsen ved sentralene forteller at de er uenige i de kravene som rettes fra kommunalt hold. En forklaring på at kommuneviljen vinner frem på bekostning av statsviljen, er at tilpasningen til kommunens krav er en strategisk handling for å få tilgang til nødvendige økonomiske ressurser – ettersom kommunen i mange tilfeller også er en garantist for at departementet bevilger penger. Gjennomgangen av det empiriske materialet viser videre at offentlig og frivillig virke i mange tilfeller flyter over i hverandre, og at grensene mellom disse ikke er så renskåret som teorier om en egen frivillig sektor impliserer. Frivillighetssentralene opptrer ikke uavhengig av det offentlige, den daglige aktiviteten er ikke forankret i prinsippet om autonomi. Snarere fremstår sentralenes virksomhet som formet i relasjon til omgivelsene, som et resultat av jakten på anerkjennelse og økonomiske midler fra myndighetene
Responding to lethal violence: RCMP use of deadly force
No full textNot peer reviewedContemporary police officers face the challenge of intervening in community crises while maintaining public and personal safety. Unfortunately, this sometimes includes precarious life and death encounters which require using deadly force.police; RCMP; use of force; deadly force; mental illness; crisis interventio
Tagging of Biomedical Articles on CiteULike: A Comparison of User, Author and Professional Indexing
No full textThis paper examines the context of online indexing from the viewpoint of three different groups: users, authors, and professional indexers. User tags, author keywords and descriptors were collected from academic journal articles, which were both indexed in Pubmed and tagged on CiteULike, and analysed. Descriptive statistics, informetric measures, and thesaural term comparison shows that there are important differences in the use of keywords between the three groups in addition to similarities which can be used to enhance support for search and browse. While tags and author keywords were found that matched descriptors exactly, other terms which did not match but provided important expansion to the indexing lexicon were found. These additional terms could be used to enhance support for searching and browsing in article databases as well as to provide invaluable data for entry vocabulary and emergent terminology for regular updates to indexing systems. Additionally, the study suggests that tags support organisation by association to task, projects and subject while making important connections to traditional systems which classify into subject categories
Second Author Affiliation / Address line 1 Affiliation / Address line 2
No full textThis document contains the instructions for preparing a camera-ready manuscript for the proceedings of ACL-2015. The document itself conforms to its own spec-ifications, and is therefore an example of what your manuscript should look like. These instructions should be used for both papers submitted for review and for final versions of accepted papers. Authors are asked to conform to all the directions re-ported in this document.
Droplet motion with contact-line friction: long-time asymptotics in complete wetting
No full textWe consider the thin-film equation for a class of free boundary conditions modelling friction at the contact line, as introduced by E and Ren. Our analysis focuses on formal long-time asymptotics of solutions in the perfect wetting regime. In particular, through the analysis of quasi-self-similar solutions, we characterize the profile and the spreading rate of solutions depending on the strength of friction at the contact line, as well as their (global or local) corrections, which are due to the dynamical nature of the free boundary conditions. These results are complemented with full transient numerical solutions of the free boundary problem. Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Mathematical Physic
A study of the level of instructor interest and experience concerning the development of on-line courses at Wisconsin Indianhead Technical College
No full textPlan BThis study examined the level of interest and experience concerning on-line course development among full-time instructors employed by the Wisconsin Indianhead Technical College. The purpose of the study is to determine level of interest concerning the development of on-line courses, the level of experience to develop and instruct on-line courses, and the need for training and support for on-line course development. Recommendations of this study will be used to help WITC develop a sense of direction for future on-line course development. It may also provide the necessary information needed to create and provide on-line course development training, curriculum guidelines and standards, and the collection and compilation of developmental resource materials. Since the platform for on-line learning is through the Internet, an electronic on-line survey was chosen as the means of collecting data. During the Spring Semester of 2003, an e-mail message containing a link to access the survey was sent to all full-time WITC instructors. After each instructor completed the survey, the data was sent electronically via the Internet, without any personal identifiers, to University of Wisconsin-Stout Publications for processing. Recommendations of this study will be used to help WITC develop a sense of direction for future on-line course development. It may also provide the necessary information needed to create and provide on-line course development training, curriculum guidelines and standards, and the collection and compilation of developmental resource materials
Line transect sampling of primates : can animal-to-observer distance methods work?
No full textAn erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-010-9469-4Line transect sampling is widely used for estimating abundance of primate populations. Animal-to-observer distances (AODs) are commonly used in analysis, in preference to perpendicular distances from the line. This is in marked contrast with standard practice for other applications of line transect sampling. We formalize the mathematical shortcomings of approaches based on AODs, and show that they are likely to give strongly biased estimates of density. We review papers that claim good performance for the method, and explore this performance through simulations. These confirm strong bias in estimates of density using AODs. We conclude that AOD methods are conceptually flawed, and that they cannot in general provide valid estimates of density.Peer reviewe
Alle til lags : Frivillighetssentralene i nærmiljøet
No full textPolitiske myndigheter ønsker at de norske frivillighetssentralene skal fungere som nærmiljøsentraler. Men hva ligger i en slik betegnelse, og i hvilken grad tilfredsstiller dagens sentraler normene for en slik sentral? I rapporten tar vi utgangspunkt i ideen om den ideelle nærmiljøsentral, tuftet på fem funksjoner, nemlig lokal forankring, sosialt integrerende aktiviteter, formidling, samarbeid, koordinering samt infrastrukturelle tiltak for frivillige aktører. For et knippe sentraler undersøkte vi avstanden mellom idealer og realiteter. Vi fant at alle er plassert i nærmiljøet og har sosialt integrerende aktiviteter. Flertallet formidler kontakt mellom frivillige og brukere, men relativt få formidler videre til frivillige organisasjoner. Koordinering av aktiviteter forekom ikke så ofte, og bare noen få sentraler sto for infrastrukturelle tiltak i frivillig sektor. Sentralene kan sies å stå over for tre ulike dilemma. Først mellom sektorovergripende og selvstendig ut-øvende roller. Først: Å framstå som konkurrent og tilrettelegger/sammenbinder på en og samme tid er ingen enkelt oppgave. Dernest er det uklart om sentralene skal klassifiseres som offentlige eller frivillige aktører. Til sist befinner sentralene seg i skjæringspunktet mellom statlige og kommunale målsettinger, og disse er ikke alltid sammenfallende
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