117,759 research outputs found
P53-DEPENDENT AND P53-INDEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF APOPTOSIS IN MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS REVEALS A SURVIVAL FUNCTION OF EGF AND INSULIN
No full textThe p53 tumor suppressor protein has been implicated as a mediator of programmed cell death (PCD). A series of nontransformed mammary epithelial cell (MEG) lines were used to correlate p53 function with activation of PCD. Treatment of MECs expressing mutant, inactive, or no p53 with DNA-damaging agents did not induce apoptosis. Upon introduction of temperature-sensitive p53 into HC11 cells, which lack wild-type (wt) p53, PCD was observed after mitomycin treatment at 32 degrees, when the ts p53 protein is in wt conformation. Thus, wt p53 mediates activation of PCD in response to mitomycin in HC11 cells. Treatment of the MCF10-A cells, which express wt p53, with various DNAdamaging agents led to nuclear accumulation of p53. Only mitomycin treatment led to an increase in the number of apoptotic nuclei. ErbB-2-transformed MCF10-A cells responded to mitomycin, cisplatin, and 5-Fl-uracil, suggesting that signaling from activated ErbB-2 enhances the cells ability to respond to DNA damage. A combination of high cell density and serum-free medium induces apoptosis in all MECs tested, irrespective of their p53 status. Under these conditions, EGF or insulin act as survival factors in preventing PCD. These data might elucidate some aspects of breast involution and tumorigenesis
Astyanax eremus Ingenito & Duboc 2014, new species
No full textAstyanax eremus, new species Figs. 1-5 Holotype. MNRJ 39677, 94.0 mm SL, Brazil, Paraná, Balsa Nova, rio Canivete, at Fazenda Amola-Faca / Registro, tributary to the rio Iguaçu, 25º35’09”S 49º44’01”W, 23 Oct 2008, L. F. S. Ingenito, L. F. Duboc & G. Otto. Paratypes. MCP 46942, 10, 36.2-99.5 mm SL (2 c&s, 61.8 mm SL male, 71.9 mm SL female). MHNCI 12485, 8, 40.4- 79.5 mm SL (plus 5 in ethyl alcohol, 50.2-89.9 mm SL). MNRJ 39678, 11, 42.2-80.0 mm SL (2 c&s, 44.6 mm SL unsexed, 76.2 mm SL female). NUP 13501, 8, 33.9-86.9 mm SL. All specimens collected with the holotype. Diagnosis. The combination of shallow body depth (27.3- 31.3% vs. more than 41.0% of SL), low number of branched anal-fin rays (16-21, mean = 18, vs. more than 21 rays), dark midlateral stripe extending to the tip of the caudal-fin rays, and body heaviest in the area proximate to middle of pectoral fins include Astyanax eremus in the A. scabripinnis species complex of Bertaco & Lucena (2006). Astyanax eremus is distinguished from all species of the A. scabripinnis species complex by its subterminal mouth in specimens larger than 48.2 mm SL (vs. mouth terminal in all species). Additionally, A. eremus is distinguished from all species from this complex, except A. guaricana, A. gymnogenys, A. laticeps, A. obscurus, A. paranae, A. pirabitira, A. scabripinnis, A. serratus, and A. varzeae by its higher number of lateral line scales (39-41 vs. 31-38). From A. gymnogenys, A. laticeps, A. obscurus, A. scabripinnis and A. serratus, A. eremus is distinguished by its shallower body depth (27.3-31.3% vs. 35.7-39.0%, 35.3-40.6%, 31.6-40.8%, 33% and 34.2-39.7% of SL, respectively). Astyanax eremus is distinguished from A. paranae by its longer snout length (21.8-26.8% vs. 16.0-20.4% of HL). From A. guaricana the new species can be differentiated by its shorter interorbital width (23.5-28.4% vs. 32.7-40.9% of HL) and shorter head length (27.1-32.5% vs. 23.9-26.6% of SL). From A. varzeae the new species can be differentiated by its shorter interorbital width (23.5-28.4% vs. 29.8-37.7% of HL), by relatively shorter caudal peduncle length (13.3-16.3%, modally 14.9%, vs. 10.5- 13.9%, modally 12.4%, of SL) and relatively longer snout length (21.8-26.8%, modally 24.5%, vs. 16.4-23.3%, modally 20.1%, of HL). From A. pirabitira the new species is distinguished by the presence of four to five cusps on the second to fourth tooth in the inner premaxillary series (vs. seven cusps). Astyanax eremus also differ from A. burgerai, A. intermedius, A. jacobinae, A. leonidas, A. microschemos, A. ojiara, A. turmalinensis, A. laticeps, A. obscurus, A. pirapuan, A. rivularis, A. serratus, and A. troya by the shape of humeral spot (straight, very narrow and height, occupying two or two and a half scales wide and about six scales height, vs. wide and short with curved or rounded portions, occupying three or more scales wide and less than six scales height in the former seven species and with upper portion wide and something rounded with a vertical projection in A. laticeps, A. obscurus, A. pirapuan, A. serratus, and A. troya). Description. Morphometric data is given in Table 2. Body compressed. Greatest body depth usually located anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils, straight or slightly convex from this point to supraoccipital spine. Dorsal profile of body slightly convex between supraoccipital spine and origin of dorsal fin, straight at dorsal-fin origin, slightly convex between dorsal and adipose fins, and gently concave at caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of head and body gently convex from mouth to anal-fin origin, straight to slightly convex at anal-fin base, and gently concave at caudal peduncle. Mouth subterminal, lower jaw shorter than upper jaw. Mouth of specimens smaller than 48.2 mm SL almost terminal with equal jaws, becoming gradually subterminal with size increase. Maxillary bone surpassing iris anterior margin, bearing one (4), two (18), three (5*), four (4), or five (2) tri- (31) or pentacuspid (2*) teeth. Premaxillary teeth in two rows: outer row with three (7) or four (23*) tri- (28*) or tetracuspid (1) teeth. Teeth of outer row smaller than those of inner row; aligned and not projecting anteriorly. Inner row with four (23*) or five (10) tetra- or pentacuspid* teeth (Figs. 2-3); nine specimens with five teeth on left side bearing four teeth on opposite premaxillary bone. Dentary teeth of c&s specimens nine (1), 10 (1), or 11 (2). Anterior four (22*) or five (10) dentary teeth largest with four or five* cusps. Premaxillary and dentary teeth massive. Central cusp of all teeth largest. Some specimens with cutting edge of teeth eroded or teeth missing in entire upper and/or lower jaws. Externally visible dorsal-fin rays ii,9* (one specimen iii,9); first unbranched ray usually less than half length of second unbranched ray. First one preceded by reduced ray only visible at c&s specimens. First and second branched dorsal-fin rays longest, not reaching adipose fin when adpressed. Dorsalfin origin approximately at middle of SL. Distal margin of dorsal fin nearly straight or slightly convex. Adipose-fin origin located approximately at vertical through insertion of base of last anal-fin ray. Pectoral-fin rays 13 (14*), 14 (15), or 15 (4), first unbranched; distal margin slightly convex. Tip of adpressed pectoral fin not reaching vertical line passing through dorsal-fin origin, separated from pelvic-fin origin by three or four scale rows. Pelvic-fin rays eight (31) or nine (2*), first unbranched; distal margin slightly convex. Anal fin with four or five unbranched and 16 (1), 17 (2), 18 (8*), 19 (15), 20 (6), or 21 (1) branched rays. First (2) and second (2) unbranched anal-fin rays only observed in cleared and stained specimens. Anterior branched rays longest. Distal margin of anal fin nearly straight to concave. Anal-fin origin located approximately at vertical through one to three scales behind base of posterior most dorsal-fin ray. Principal caudal-fin rays i,17,i. Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 11 (2) or 12 (2). Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 10 (2) or 11 (2). Caudal fin forked, upper and lower lobes approximately equal in size. Scales cycloid. Circuli on posterior field of scales present. Predorsal medial scales 12 (1), 13 (6*), 14 (19), or 15 (7), sometimes in irregular series. Lateral line complete with 39 (9), 40 (15*), or 41 (9) scales. Seven (16) or eight (16*) scales in transverse series above lateral line. Five (32*) or six (1) scales in transverse series below lateral line. Single row of five (1), six (6), seven (15*), eight (7), nine (3), or 11 (1) scales covering basis of anterior most anal-fin rays. Circumpeduncular scales 16 (18*), 17 (8), 18 (4), or 19 (1). Caudal fin not scaled. Third infraorbital small, not in contact with preopercle. First gill arch with seven epibranchial, nine ceratobranchial, and one hypobranchial setiform gill-rakers. One gill-raker at joint of epi- and ceratobranchial bones. Four branchiostegal rays. Total number of vertebrae 38 (four weberian + 13 (1) or 14 (3) thoracic + 20 caudal). Thirteen (1) or 14 (3) pairs of pleural ribs. Supraneurals five (4). Breeding tubercles minute, visible only in few specimens as scarce white bumps scattered over top of head, face, predorsal scales and some flank scales from anterior portion of trunk. Color in alcohol. Preserved specimens with overall ground color yellowish. Guanine pigmentation present on opercular and infraorbital series, and over most of flank scales from midlateral dark stripe to below. Body covered by scattered dark chromatophores, more concentrated on distal margin of scales forming a reticulated pattern. Dorsal and dorsolateral portions of head and body dark brown. Lateral region of the head densely covered by dark chromatophores, less concentrated on third infraorbital and below it, and over laminar portion of opercle and subopercle. Lower lip dark brown. Ventral regions of head and abdomen light. Black humeral spot conspicuous, narrow and vertically elongated; two or two and a half scales wide and about six scales high. Midlateral dark stripe extending from humeral region to median caudal-fin rays, about two to four (usually three) scales far from humeral spot. Anterior portion of midlateral stripe vertically expanded, about three scales high, gradually decreasing to one scale high in caudal peduncle at vertical through insertion of base of last anal-fin ray. Its anterior region a bit darker than remaining, insinuating a faint second humeral spot in few specimens. Terminal portion of midlateral stripe at caudal peduncle irregularly expanded forming an inconspicuous caudal spot extending over caudalfin base. Midlateral stripe faint over medial caudal-fin rays in larger specimens, more visible at small fish. All fins, except adipose fin, reddish to orange with distal margin hyaline and scattered dark chromotophores, more concentrated on its distal margins. Adipose fin yellowish as background color of body with dark chromatophores mainly on its base. Color in life. Color in life is similar to that in preserved specimens but more silvery, stronger red pigmentation, and lateral spots and midlateral stripe less evident. Sexual dimorphism. Secondary sexual characters were not found on examined specimens. Occasional nuptial tubercles were not associated to sex herein. Habitat and ecological notes. Astyanax eremus inhabits the rio Canivete, a small, short and isolated tributary to the main channel of the upper rio Iguaçu, at Balsa Nova county. Rio Canivete runs through a grove of about 1,000 m long and 150 m wide, where the sampling point is located. This woodland, which is more or less well preserved with native and introduced marginal vegetation, mainly formed by trees (including Brazilian pine Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.)) and bushes, is somewhat an island inside a wheat plantation. It is bounded upstream by a fall of about 10 m, and downstream by a series of rapids for about 1,000 m which form a gap of more than 35 m from the sampling area up to the rio Iguaçu ledge. The sample site was inside the grove and had about 0.5-1.0 m depth and about 5 m width, with lentic transparent water and sandy and clay bottom variably covered by fallen trees, branches and leaves (Fig. 4). No other fish species was collected at the sample area of A. eremus. Macroscopical observation of gonads extracted from the four c&s specimens indicates that A. eremus was at reproductive season during the collect period (October). Two of the specimens where mature females, with ovaries full of ovocytes (71.9 and 76.9 mm SL). One of the specimens was a mature male with large testicles (61.8 mm SL). The smaller specimen (44.6 mm SL) was immature and its sex could not be identified. It was not possible to associate the scarse and underdeveloped observed tubercles to sexual dimorphism. Distribution. Astyanax eremus is known from its type locality (Fig. 5) in the rio Canivete, a small and short isolated affluent of the upper rio Iguaçu, a tributary to the rio Paraná drainage. Etymology. From the Latin eremus, that means “alone” or “uninhabited”, in allusion to the absence of other fish species in the type locality. An adjective.Published as part of Ingenito, Leonardo F. S. & Duboc, Luiz F., 2014, A new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil, pp. 281-290 in Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (2) on pages 282-286, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20130117, http://zenodo.org/record/455107
A avaliação da aprendizagem de língua inglesa segundo as novas teorias de letramento
No full textThis paper is a report of an interpretative-qualitative Master’s study (Duboc, 2007) on English language assessment from the perspective of the recent new literacy studies, whose starting point was an investigation on both conceptions and practices regarding language assessment in some Elementary School communities. Towards the identification of a recurring conception of language assessment still based on the paradigm of Modernity, with emphasis on measurement, objectivity and stability, the paper invites its readers to a re-conceptualization of language assessment bearing in mindthe epistemological transformations signaled by the new literacy studies. In doing so, we present an outline of evaluative characteristics, contents and modalities based on these studies, which seems to demand more academic research outcomes nationwide.Fruto de pesquisa de Mestrado de natureza qualitativa-interpretativa (Duboc, 2007), este trabalho apresenta uma discussão sobre a avaliação da língua inglesa segundo as teorias de letramento mais recentes, tendo como ponto de partida uma investigação sobre concepções e práticas de avaliação em comunidades do Ensino Fundamental. Ao identificar nesses contextos escolares a recorrência de uma concepção de avaliação de línguas ainda muito pautada no paradigma da modernidade, com ênfase à mensuração, à objetividade e à estabilidade, o trabalho convida o leitor aoexercício de re-conceituação da avaliação de forma a contemplar as transformações epistemológicas assinaladas pelos novos estudos de letramento. Trata-se de um esboço quanto às características, conteúdos e modalidades avaliativas segundo tais teorias, cuja expansão de conhecimento merece maior relevância no campo educacional brasileiro
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Le tournant gestionnaire d'un grand système technique : le contrôle de la navigation aérienne fait ses adieux à l'Etat
No full textCe papier analyse certains changements importants dans le système mondial du contrôle de la navigation aérienne (ATC = Air Traffic Control) qui visent, dans de nombreux pays, à rendre plus efficaces les organisations fournissant le service ATC. Deux méthodes complémentaires sont utilisées pour apprécier la signification de ces changements. La première s'appuie sur les débats soulevés par l'évolution en cours ; elle montre la complexité du problème, sa nature multi-disciplinaire, et la “path-dependancy” du résultat final, comme conséquence de processus de négociation. La seconde méthode considère l'ATC comme un “grand système technique” et recadre le débat actuel en prenant en compte l'histoire du système et ses relations avec le système plus large du transport aérien commercial. Les changements en cours apparaissent alors comme un moyen détourné de mettre en place, à travers des méthodes normatives d'organisation et de gestion, une forme de contrôle des compagnies aériennes commerciales sur les organisations ATC, que j'appelle alignement. Mon but est ici d'illustrer sur un exemple la fécondité du croisement de plusieurs approches : d'un côté, l'analyse en situation et la vision historique, de l'autre l'analyse organisationnelle et la théorie des grands systèmes techniques.organisations hautement fiables;grand système technique
Teor de elementos minerais em folhas de araticum no Cerrado.
No full textO araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.), também é conhecido como pinha-do-cerrado, marolo, bruto e cabeça-de-negro e seus frutos são consumidos pela população local e comercializados. A frutificação ocorre de outubro a abril e os frutos são dispersos por gravidade ou por animais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os teores de nutrientes, Al e Na encontrados nas folhas do araticum na região do Cerrado
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Letter from unknown writer to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter to Jesse L. Boyce from unknown author (possibly Jack) about the investigation into the powder magazine located in the Grand Canyon. Some personal news is included in the letter such as the writer's marriage to the daughter of C.A. Taylor, former Supervisor of Cochise County
- …
