1,720,964 research outputs found
رینالڈ نکلسن کے افکار کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ: EXPLORING THE INTELLECTUAL LEGACY OF REYNOLD NICHOLSON: A CRITICAL STUDY
No full textReynold Alleyne Nicholson (1868-1945) is a prominent figure in the world of Orientalism, often regarded as a moderate and impartial British Orientalist. However, a deeper analysis of his thoughts and theories reveals a complex picture. While Nicholson is commonly associated with scholars like Goldziher, Danté, Suroosh, More, Hamilton Gibb, Michael Hart, Edward Gibbon, Montgomery Watt, George Sale, Joseph Schacht, and Biddle, who held prejudiced and anti-Islamic views, it becomes evident that he was in no way less influenced by their biased perspectives. Nicholson holds a significant place in the academic world of the West, with a profound interest in religion and various aspects related to it, including philosophy, poetry, and history. However, his central focus remains Sufism. He was a close associate of renowned Orientalist T.W. Arnold and had students like E.G. Brown and J.A. Arberry, along with being a mentor to the famous Eastern poet and philosopher Allama Iqbal. This study explores how Nicholson, by maintaining a balance between critique and inquiry, contributed to the scrutiny of Islamic thought, philosophy, history, and jurisprudence. It specifically sheds light on his unscientific and biased expressions regarding the prophethood, mission, and miracles of the Prophet of Islam, especially the miraculous Ascension
معاجمِ عربیہ : مفاہیم ، اصول اور اقسام۔۔۔ تاریخی مطالعہ: ARABIC LEXICOGRAPHY: TERMINOLOGIES, PRINCIPLES, AND CATEGORIES: HISTORICAL STUDY
No full textSoon after the promulgation of Islam and the mass conversion of non-Arabs to the new religion, the need was felt for a systematic study of the Arabic language to maintain a correct reading and interpretation of the Qur’an by both Arab and non-Arab Muslims, and to make it easy for non-Arab Muslims to learn Arabic. That need was immediately satisfied by the appearance of scholars devoted to the systematic observation, collection and registration of the linguistic phenomena in Arabic on their various levels. The history of lexicography is one of trial and error, but lexicon is as old as writing itself. The Sumerians’ signs on clay tablets constitute, perhaps, the world’s first classified vocabularies. The Assyrians’ coming to Babylon stimulated lexicography there. Ta’lif al-Mu‘ajim al-‘Arabiyyah, the equivalent of which in English is Arabic lexicography takes its root from a’jama which means to make clear. It is defined as the art or practice of writing or compilation of Arabic lexicons or dictionaries. This paper presents a historical study of Terminology of Arabic lexicography and its various types as well as discussion regarding the principles of Lexicography. This reading would help the scholars of Linguistics and Literature to be acquainted with the fundamentals of Arabic lexicography and its historical evaluatio
Prophetic Standards of Acceptance of Government Gifts: حکومتی تحائف کے رد و قبول کے نبوی معیارات
No full textThis research delves into the standards established by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) concerning the acceptance of gifts from governmental entities. It explores the Prophet's guidance, recorded in Hadith literature, regarding ethical considerations, limits, and conditions surrounding the acceptance of offerings from governing authorities. Analyzing these standards within the context of contemporary governance and ethical frameworks, the study examines their applicability and relevance in navigating ethical dilemmas pertaining to government gifts
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
URDU-SIGNIFICANCE OF CORANICA AMONG THE WESTERN QURANIC PROJECTS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
No full textTo date, knowledge of the textual history of the Qur'an has relied primarily on the Arabo-Islamic tradition. The study of material evidence, which should contribute to understanding the historical development of the canonization of the text, form the first part of the Coranica project. The Coranica project gives priority to an empirical approach, contributing to the history of the Qur'anic text based primarily on material evidence, distributed chronologically, and less on the data of the Arabo-Islamic tradition. As part of its empirical approach, Coranica aims to take into account current developments and the latest discoveries. These include continuing and amplifying the research on older written witnesses of the Qur'an, a field of study that lay dormant until the 1980s and was revived by the discoveries of Sanaa, and other well known collections, such as those of St. Petersburg or Istanbul. Coranica provides a platform for cooperation between those in the fields of antiquity and Islamic studies. The project brings together researchers from various disciplines from Germany, France, England, Austria and Italy. Coranica began in 2011, and is directed by Christian Robin and François Deroche (AIBL, Paris) and Michael Marx and Angelika Neuwirth (BBAW, Berlin). In this paper, the introduction and the details of the project are given for the urdu-natives with critical analysis of the project components theoretically.
قرآنی مخطوطات کی رسم شناسی: قدیم حجازی اور کوفی رسم الخط کاتجزیاتی مطالعہ: Script Typology in Qur’anic Manuscripts: An Analytical Study of Early Hijazi and Kufic Scripts
No full textThis study investigates the script typology of early Qur’anic manuscripts, focusing on the analytical examination of Hijazi and Kufic scripts within the framework of Islamic palaeography. Drawing upon primary manuscript evidence from leading collections, including examples from Ṣanʿāʾ, Tashkent, Topkapi, and the Blue Qurʾān, the research delineates the morphological, structural, and aesthetic characteristics that distinguish these two formative styles of Qur’anic calligraphy. The Hijazi script, with its distinctive slant, angularity, and absence of diacritical marks, is examined in relation to its historical context in the first century AH, particularly in the Hijaz region. In contrast, the Kufic script, characterized by its rectilinear geometry, proportional balance, and ornamental variations such as Floriated, Knotted, and Square Kufic, is situated within the late 1st–3rd century AH Abbasid calligraphic tradition. The study integrates script typology with palaeographic analysis, comparing scribal practices, orthographic conventions, and decorative features, and evaluating their significance for dating and localizing early Qur’anic codices. This research further engages with scholarly debates—both classical and contemporary—on the evolution and classification of early Arabic scripts, referencing the works of François Déroche, Éléonore Cellard, Sheila Blair, and Alain George. The findings underscore the critical role of script typology in reconstructing the textual, artistic, and cultural history of the Qur’an, and highlight the necessity of integrating traditional manuscript studies with digital imaging and database tools for future scholarship.
Keywords: Qur’anic manuscripts, script typology, Hijazi script, Kufic script, palaeography, codicology, Islamic calligraphy
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
