502 research outputs found
Jack Pfister Library Bibliography
No full textabstract: An alphabetical list by author of Jack Pfister's extensive library on Arizona history and culture. All of the materials are available at the ASU Libraries, many are available for circulation. See the General Catalog for location information. http://library.lib.asu.edu/A guide to the Jack Pfister Papers is available in Arizona Archives Online http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/searchPages 6 and 53 are missing from our copy. Page 53 may be a numbering error
Linkage of Pfister forms over semi-global fields
No full textWe study linkage of -fold quadratic Pfister forms over function fields in one variable over a henselian valued field of 2-cohomological dimension . Specifically, we characterise this property in terms of linkage of quadratic Pfister forms over function fields over the residue field of the henselian valued field; in full generality in characteristic different from 2, and for most complete discretely valued fields in characteristic 2. As an application, we obtain a proof that -fold quadratic Pfister forms over function fields in one variable over a -dimensional higher local field are linked.23 pages, author accepted manuscrip
Effects of Consumptive Water Use on Biodiversity in Wetlands of International Importance
No full textWetlands are complex ecosystems that harbor a large diversity of species. Wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems on our planet, due to human influences such as conversion and drainage. We assessed impacts from water consumption on the species richness of waterbirds, nonresidential birds, water-dependent mammals, reptiles and amphibians in wetlands, considering a larger number of taxa than previous life cycle impact assessment methods. Effect factors (EF) were derived for 1184 wetlands of international importance. EFs quantify the number of global species-equivalents lost per m(2) of wetland area loss. Vulnerability and range size of species were included to reflect conservation values. Further, we derived spatially explicit characterization factors (CFs) that distinguish between surface water and groundwater consumption. All relevant watershed areas that are contributing to feeding the respective wetlands were determined for CF applications. In an example of rose production, we compared damages of water consumption in Kenya and The Netherlands. In both cases, the impact was largest for waterbirds. The total impact from water consumption in Kenya was 67 times larger than in The Netherlands, due to larger species richness and species' vulnerability in Kenya, as well as more arid conditions and larger amounts of water consumed
Modern money theory: some basics in response to Drumetz/Pfister
No full textThis article examines the misconceptions about modern money theory (MMT) put forward by . The author divides her critique into three categories. First, the Drumetz/Pfister article erroneously indicates that MMT focuses exclusively on the means-of-payment function of money, that it considers money as a pure asset, that it does not distinguish between inside and outside money, and that it does not distinguish between money and the monetary base. Second, Drumetz/Pfister (2021) falsely represent MMT as leaving monetary policy to law and as belittling the impact of quantitative easing. Drumetz/Pfister misunderstand what is meant by government debt being monetized. Third, their article puts forward the incorrect idea that increased government spending could lead to increased long-term interest rates, and that a zero interest rate could supposedly bring about macroeconomic instability and inflation
Quadratic forms and Pfister neighbors in characteristic 2
No full textAbstract. We study Pfister neighbors and their characterization over fields of characteristic 2, where we include the case of singular forms. We give a somewhat simplified proof of a theorem of Fitzgerald which provides a criterion for when a nonsingular quadratic form q is similar to a Pfister form in terms of the hyperbolicity of this form over the function field of a form ϕ which is dominated by q. From this, we derive an analogue in characteristic 2 of a result by Knebusch saying that, in characteristic � = 2, a form is a Pfister neighbor if its anisotropic part over its own function field is defined over the base field. Our result includes certain cases of singular forms, but we also give examples which show that Knebusch’s result generally fails in characteristic 2 for singular forms. As an application, we characterize certain forms of height 1 in the sense of Knebusch whose quasi-linear parts are of small dimension. We also develop some of the basics of a theory of totally singular quadratic forms. This is used to give a new interpretation of the notion of the height of a standard splitting tower as introduced by the second author in [28]. Table of content
A psicologia no divã: contribuições de Oskar Pfister à psicologia da religião
No full textA contemporaneidade traz variadas demandas ao homem. A experiência religiosa figura dentre as demandas existentes. É inegável que o Brasil passa por uma efervescência religiosa. Cresce o número de professos e aqueles que declaram sem religião. Diante deste cenário se tem a necessidade da investigação criteriosa a partir de referenciais que buscam o balizamento equilibrado e assim expandir os estudos no campo da psicologia da religião. O pastor protestante Oskar Pfister foi um árduo pesquisador no campo, tanto da religião como da psicologia. O objetivo do presente trabalho busca compreender a relevância de Oskar Pfister e sua contribuição ao campo da psicologia da religião. Para tanto, se fez uso de uma extensa investigação bibliográfica do autor e obras correspondentes de outros autores, que serviram de base para aproximações do debate psicologia e religião, isto em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, se realizou uma biografia de Oskar Pfister e as principais influências epistemológicas. Tem como objetivo investigar como Oskar Pfister constrói seu pensamento até o encontro com a psicologia freudiana. No segundo capítulo, se pesquisa a contribuição de Oskar Pfister a psicologia da religião. Tem como objetivo, levantar e apontar as aproximações pfisterianas ao contexto religioso, bem como, o legado deixado no campo da psicologia da religião. No terceiro capítulo, se pesquisa o diálogo entre o pensamento pfisteriano e o fenômeno religioso. Tem como objetivo aproximar as temáticas da psicologia e religião e como estes saberes se constituem na contemporaneidade como uma fundamental base com vistas a compreensão da relação psicologia e religião. Nas reflexões finais, se objetiva resgatar a discussão da psicologia da religião ao contexto contemporâneo e assim permanecer continuidade ao frutífero legado deixado por Oskar Pfister.Contemporary brings demands to the humankind. The religious experience is one among these many existing demands. It is undeniable that Brazil is going through a process of effervescence in this area. And this regards both religious and non-religious people. Due to that scenario, it is necessary to accurately investigate it, expanding and contributing academically with the area of psychology of religion. The Protestant pastor Oskar Pfister is known as an important scholar in the fields of psychology and religion. The aim of this dissertation is the understanding of the relevance and contribution of Oscar Pfister to the field of psychology of religion. In order to achieve that, an intense investigation was taken on the referred author bibliography, as well as on other correlative authors. In the first chapter, it was presented the biography of Oskar Pfister and his main epistemological influences. Its goal is to find out how Pfister builds his thought until his contact with the Freudian psychology. In the second chapter, the contribution of Pfister to the psychology of religion is investigated. Its aim is to suggest some pfisterian approaches to the religious context, as well
as his legacy in the field of psychology of religion. In the third chapter, the dialogue between the pfisterian thought and the religious phenomenon is presented. Its purpose is to approximate psychological and religious subjects to each other, and to show how joining them together is crucial to the understanding of the relationship between these two areas. In the final thoughts, the author aims to reclaim the discussion on the so far established relationship, keeping alive the fruitful legacy of Oskar Pfister
Influence of a novel, versatile bifunctional chelator on theranostic properties of a minigastrin analogue.
No full textBACKGROUND: 6-[Bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)-6-methyl-1,4-diazepane (AAZTA ) is a promising chelator with potential advantages over 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) for radiopharmaceutical applications. Its mesocyclic structure enables fast radiolabelling under mild conditions with trivalent metals including not only (68)Ga for positron emission tomography (PET) but also (177)Lu and (111)In for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and radionuclide therapy. Here, we describe the evaluation of a bifunctional AAZTA derivative conjugated to a model minigastrin derivative as a potential theranostic agent. METHODS: An AAZTA derivative with an aliphatic C9 chain as linker was coupled to a minigastrin, namely [AAZTA(0), D-Glu(1), desGlu(2-6)]-minigastrin (AAZTA-MG), and labelled with (68)Ga, (177)Lu and (111)In. The characterisation in vitro included stability studies in different media and determination of logD (octanol/PBS). Affinity determination (IC50) and cell uptake studies were performed in A431-CCK2R cells expressing the human CCK2 receptor. μPET/CT and ex vivo biodistribution studies were performed in CCK2 tumour xenograft-bearing nude mice and normal mice. RESULTS: AAZTA-MG showed high radiochemical yields for (68)Ga (>95 %), (177)Lu (>98 %) and (111)In (>98 %). The logD value of -3.7 for both [(68)Ga]- and [(177)Lu]-AAZTA-MG indicates a highly hydrophilic character. Stability tests showed overall high stability in solution with some degradation in human plasma for [(68)Ga]- and transchelation towards DTPA for and [(177)Lu]-AAZTA-MG. An IC50 value of 10.0 nM was determined, which indicates a high affinity for the CCK2 receptor. Specific cell uptake after 60 min was >7.5 % for [(68)Ga]-AAZTA-MG and >9.5 % for [(177)Lu]-AAZTA-MG, comparable to other DOTA-MG-analogues. μPET/CT studies in CCK2 receptor tumour xenografted mice not only revealed high selective accumulation in A431-CCK2R positive tumours of (68)Ga-labelled AAZTA-MG (1.5 % ID/g in 1 h post injection) but also higher blood levels as corresponding DOTA-analogues. The (111)In-labelled peptide had a tumour uptake of 1.7 % ID/g. Biodistribution in normal mice with the [(177)Lu]-AAZTA-MG showed a considerable uptake in intestine (7.3 % ID/g) and liver (1.5 % ID/g). CONCLUSION: Overall, AAZTA showed interesting properties as bifunctional chelator for peptides providing mild radiolabelling conditions for both (68)Ga and trivalent metals having advantages over the currently used chelator DOTA. Studies are ongoing to further investigate in vivo targeting properties and stability issues and the influence of spacer length on biodistribution of AAZTA
Inequality of pay in Germany, late 15th century to 1889.
No full textThis study examines three dimensions of wage inequality in Germany during four centuries (1485 - 1889), namely sectoral wage variations, skill premium as an indicator of the influence of human capital on wage income, and gender difference. It opens with an overview of the nominal and real wages of urban workers from the 16th to the 19th century. It examines the wages of the following groups: (1) for urban construction, the wages of skilled craftsmen are compared with the wages of unskilled workers (skill premium); (2) wages in agriculture are compared with wages in the industrial sector; (3) the wage evolution of the female agricultural labour force is analysed in relation to the wages of male agricultural workers. For this purpose, two data sets on wages recently compiled by the author are used, which are supplemented with additional information, in particular on wages in agriculture (see Pfister 2019, 217-222). The data set provided here includes a series on skill premiums in urban construction, a series on the daily wages of male farmworkers at the Nordkirchen and Westphalia estates, and synthetic series on nominal wages in urban construction and on the consumer goods price index over the long period 1500-1913. 1. the skill premium (Table A-01) The skill premium is measured here as the wage differential by which the daily wages of skilled craftsmen exceed those of unskilled workers (e.g. 0.51 means that the daily wages of skilled craftsmen are 51% higher than those of unskilled workers). Data from 18 cities are available for the determination of the skill premium. The database of prices and wages until 1850 compiled by Pfister (2017; GESIS ZA8636) represents the main source for the daily wages of both skilled and unskilled construction workers. For the period from 1840 to 1880, the wage data compiled in Pfister (2018; GESIS ZA8710) on the urban building trade is used as a supplementary source. Appendix 1 documents at the level of individual cities the sources and the years for which wage data are available. It should be emphasized that the data set is characterized by a high heterogeneity with regard to the trades covered, the length of the data series and the data density. For the construction of a time series of the skills premium at the level of Germany as a whole, the data are averaged over centered five-year periods (1483-1487, 1488-1482, .... 1883-1887) due to the low data density - there are on average only about three observations per year. The skill premium is then first calculated individually for each city and each five-year period for which data are available for both skilled and unskilled construction workers; a total of 393 data points are thus obtained. In a second step, an unbalanced panel regression with fixed effects for the cities and the five-year periods is estimated using feasible GLS, with the error variants partitioned by time periods (for details, see Pfister 2019, 218). A time series can be calculated on the basis of the regression coefficients for the five-year periods; it was scaled with the mean skill premium in the period 1773-1778. This is because the data density is highest in this period, as data are available for ten cities. The result is shown in Pfister (2019, 228, Figure 4) and made available here in Table A-01. 2. wages of agricultural workers (Table A-02) Wage data in agriculture are usually quoted as daily wages. They differ according to the type of activity and whether the agricultural worker receives food and accommodation or not. In the study only such wages without provision of food and accommodation are taken into account. The monetary amounts are standardized to Marks per day. The study uses the account books of a large aristocracy possession, the results of surveys carried out in connection with land reform and the compilation of land tax registers, social statistical surveys and a re-analysis of the database by Neumann (1911) to construct a series of farmworkers´ wages for Westphalia for the period around 1730-1892. The individual data points are defined as follows: 1730-1810: Average daily wage on the Nordkirchen aristocratic estate, centered ten-year periods. Source: original source are the account books; collection of wage data and construction of a wage index in Bracht / Pfister (2019, Annex A3). 1818: Daily wage of men in Westphalia; average value for the three administrative districts for so-called domestic work. The values for the administrative districts are mean values of data at district level. Source: Kuczynski (1961, vol. 1, p. 361 f., 371); original source is a survey by the Prussian authorities. 1825-1845: Daily wage of men in Westphalia, centered five-year periods. Values for the entire Kingdom of Prussia were scaled to the level of Westphalia using the value for Westphalia in 1848/50 (see below). Source: Reanalysis of the Neumann database (2011); see Annex 2. 1848/50: Daily wages of men in Westphalia, mean value of wages for harvesting work and for other work, average of the data for the three administrative districts. Source: Meitzen (1866, 91). 1861/65: Daily wages of men in Westphalia, total average above minimum and maximum wages for harvest work, other work in summer and winter as well as across the three administrative districts. Source: Meitzen (1866, 92-114). 1868: Day wage of men in Westphalia. Source: Meitzen: Hamann (1945, 200). 1873: Daily wages of men in Westphalia; working conditions in which food is not provided at the workplace (or: inclusion of food in the wage rate). Overall average of summer and winter wages, permanent and temporary workers and across the three administrative districts. Source: von der Goltz (1875: 48-53). 1885: Daily wage of men in Westphalia, average of 81 counties. Source: Schmitz (1886, 26-29). At least for Westphalia the values seem too low; for a critique of this source see Kattwinkel (1912, 2-5). 1892: Daily wages of men in Westphalia; working conditions in which food is not provided at the workplace (or: inclusion of food in the wage rate). Overall average of summer and winter wages, permanent and temporary workers and across the three administrative districts. Source: Kärger et al. (1892, vol. 1: 225-34). For further information on farm workers´ wages, especially on the merging of these sources in the first half of the 19th century, see Pfister (2019, 219-222). 3. nominal wage index and consumer goods price index, 1500-1913 (Table A-03) The table contains the rows underlying Figure 1 in Pfister (2019, 213). They were constructed as follows: The nominal wage index combines the following three series, which were linked in 1850 and 1888, respectively: 1500-1850 Daily wage of unskilled workers in 18 towns from Pfister (2017, Appendix S3, GESIS ZA8636, Table A-03-02) 1850-1888 Annual wages in industry and trade from Pfister (2018, Annex A3, GESIS ZA8710) 1888-1913 Annual wages in industry and trade from Hoffmann (1965, Table II/104, pp. 468-471) The consumer goods price index combines the following three series, which were linked in 1850 and 1888 respectively: 1500-1850 Annual cost of a consumer basket in grams of silver from Pfister (2017, Appendix S3, GESIS ZA8636, Table A-03-02) 1850-1888 Consumer goods price index from Pfister (2018, Annex A3, GESIS ZA8710) 1888-1913 Consumer goods price index from Orsagh (1969, 481) Table A-03 also contains a real wage index, which simply represents the quotient of the nominal wage index and the consumer goods price index. The following data series are included in this study: A.01 skill premium in urban construction, 1485-1885. A.02 Daily wage for agricultural workers in Nordkirchen and Westphalia, 1730-1892. A.03 Nominal wage, consumer price index and real wage (indices 1913=100, aggregated indices), 1500-1913. Note: Studies closely related to this study are: ZA8636: Pfister, U., Nominal Wages and Consumer Goods Prices in 18 German Cities, 1500-1850. ZA8710: Pfister, U., Wages and Prices of Consumer Goods in Germany, 1850 to 1889.Diese Studie untersucht drei Dimensionen der Lohnungleichheit in Deutschland in vier Jahrhunderten (1485 - 1889), nämlich die sektoralen Lohnvariationen, die Fähigkeitsprämie (skill premium) als Indikator für den Einfluss des Humankapitals auf das Lohneinkommen, und die Geschlechterdifferenz. Sie beginnt mit einem Überblick der nominalen und realen Löhne der Arbeiter in den Städten vom 16. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert. Dabei werden die Löhne folgender Gruppen untersucht: (1) für das städtische Baugewerbe werden die Löhne von gelernten Handwerkern den Löhnen von ungelernten Arbeitern gegenübergestellt (skill premium); (2) werden die Löhne in der Landwirtschaft mit den Löhnen im industriellen Sektor verglichen; (3) wird die Lohnentwicklung der weiblichen Arbeitskräfte in der Landwirtschaft in Bezug zu den Löhnen männlicher Landarbeiter analysiert. Hierfür wird auf zwei kürzlich vom Autor zusammengestellten Datensätze zu Löhnen zurückgegriffen, die ergänzt werden mit zusätzlichen Informationen, insbesondere über die Löhne in der Landwirtschaft (siehe hierzu Pfister 2019, 217-222). Der hier bereit gestellte Datensatz umfasst eine Reihe zur Fähigkeitsprämie (skill premium) im städtischen Baugewerbe, eine Reihe zum Tagelohn männlicher Landarbeiter auf dem Gut Nordkirchen bzw. Westfalen, sowie synthetische Reihen zum Nominallohn im städtischen Bauhandwerk und zum Konsumgüterpreisindex über den langen Zeitraum 1500–1913. 1. Die Fähigkeitsprämie (skill premium; Tabelle A-01) Die Fähigkeitsprämie (skill premium) wird hier gemessen als das Lohndifferenzial, um welches der Tagelohn gelernter Bauhandwerker denjenigen ungelernter Arbeiter übertrifft (z. B. 0,51 meint, dass der Tagelohn gelernter Handwerker 51% über demjenigen von ungelernten Arbeitern liegt). Für ihre Bestimmung stehen Angaben aus 18 Städten zur Verfügung. Die von Pfister (2017; GESIS ZA8636) erstellte Datenbasis von Preisen und Löhnen bis 1850 stellt die Hauptquelle für die Tagelöhne sowohl der gelernten Bauhandwerker als auch der ungelernten Arbeiter dar. Für die Zeit von 1840 bis 1880 wird ergänzend auf die in Pfister (2018; GESIS ZA8710) zusammengestellten Lohndaten zum städtischen Bauhandwerk zurückgegriffen. Anhang 1 dokumentiert auf der Ebene einzelner Städte die Quellen und die Jahre, für die Lohnangaben verfügbar sind. Es ist zu betonen, dass der Datensatz von einer hohen Heterogenität hinsichtlich der erfassten Handwerksberufe, der Länge der Datenreihen und der Datendichte gekennzeichnet ist. Für die Konstruktion einer Zeitreihe der Fähigkeitsprämie auf der Ebene von Gesamtdeutschland werden aufgrund der geringen Datendichte – es gibt im Durchschnitt nur etwa drei Beobachtungen pro Jahr – die Daten über zentrierte Fünfjahreszeiträume (1483-1487, 1488-1482, .... 1883-1887) gemittelt. Die Qualifikations- oder Fähigkeitsprämie (skill premium) wird dann zunächst individuell für jede Stadt und jeden Fünfjahreszeitraum berechnet, für den Daten sowohl für gelernte als auch ungelernte Bauarbeiter vorliegen; insgesamt kommen so 393 Datenpunkte zustande. In einem zweiten Schritt wird mittels feasible GLS eine unbalancierte Panelregression mit fixed effects für die Städte und die Fünfjahresperioden geschätzt, wobei die Fehlervarianzen nach den Zeitperioden partitioniert werden (für Details s. Pfister 2019, 218). Auf der Basis der Regressionskoeffizienten für die Fünfjahresperioden lässt sich eine Zeitreihe berechnen; sie wurde mit der mittleren Fähigkeitsprämie in der Periode 1773-1778 skaliert. Dies erfolgte deshalb, weil in dieser Periode die Datendichte am höchsten ist, denn es liegen Angaben für zehn Städte vor. Das Ergebnis wird in Pfister (2019, 228, Abbildung 4) gezeigt und hier in Tabelle A-01 zugänglich gemacht. 2. Löhne von Landarbeitern (Tabelle A-02) Lohnangaben in der Landwirtschaft sind üblicherweise als Tagelöhne notiert. Sie unterscheiden sich nach Art der Tätigkeit und danach, ob der Landarbeiter Kost und Unterkunft erhält oder nicht. In der Studie werden nur solche Löhne ohne Bereitstellung von Kost und Unterkunft berücksichtigt. Die Geldbeträge sind auf Mark pro Tag vereinheitlicht. Die Studie nutzt die Rechnungsbücher eines großen Adelsbesitzes, die Ergebnisse von Erhebungen, die im Zusammenhang mit der Landreform und der Erstellung von Grundsteuerkatastern erfolgten, sozialstatistische Erhebungen sowie eine Reanalyse der Datenbasis von Neumann (1911) um für Westfalen eine Reihe von Landarbeiterlöhnen für den Zeitraum ca. 1730-1892 zu konstruieren. Die einzelnen Datenpunkte sind wie folgt definiert: 1730-1810: Mittlerer Tagelohn auf dem Adelsgut Nordkirchen, zentrierte Zehnjahresperioden. Quelle: ursprüngliche Quelle sind die Rechnungsbücher; Erfassung von Lohndaten und Konstruktion eines Lohnindexes in Bracht / Pfister (2019, Anhang A3). 1818: Tagelohn von Männern in Westfalen; Mittelwert für die drei Regierungsbezirke für sogenannte häusliche Arbeit. Die Werte für die Regierungsbezirke sind Mittelwerte von Angaben auf Kreisebene. Quelle: Kuczynski (1961, Bd. 1, S. 361 f., 371); ursprüngliche Quelle ist eine Erhebung der preußischen Behörden. 1825-1845: Tagelohn von Männern in Westfalen, zentrierte Fünfjahresperioden. Werte für das gesamte Königreich Preußen wurden anhand des Wertes für Westfalen in den Jahren 1848/50 (s. unten) auf das Niveau von Westfalen skaliert. Quelle: Reanalyse der Datenbasis von Neumann (2011); s. Anhang 2. 1848/50: Tagelohn von Männern in Westfalen, Mittelwert der Löhne für Erntearbeiten und für sonstige Arbeiten, Mittelwert der Angaben für die drei Regierungsbezirke. Quelle: Meitzen (1866, 91). 1861/65: Tagelohn von Männern in Westfalen, Gesamtdurchschnitt über Minimal- und Maximallöhne für Erntearbeiten, andere Arbeiten im Sommer und Winterarbeiten sowie über die drei Regierungsbezirke hinweg. Quelle: Meitzen (1866, 92-114). 1868: Tagelohn von Männern in Westfalen. Quelle: Hamann (1945, 200). 1873: Tagelohn von Männern in Westfalen; Arbeitsverhältnisse, bei denen am Arbeitsplatz keine Verköstigung erfolgt (oder: Einbezug der Verköstigung in den Lohnsatz). Gesamtdurchschnitt über Sommer- und Winterlöhne, dauerhaft und temporär beschäftigte Arbeiter und über die drei Regierungsbezirke hinweg. Quelle: von der Goltz (1875: 48-53). 1885: Tagelohn von Männern in Westfalen, Mittelwert von 81 Landkreisen. Quelle: Schmitz (1886, 26-29). Mindestens für Westfalen scheinen die Werte zu tief; für eine Kritik dieser Quelle s. Kattwinkel (1912, 2-5). 1892: Tagelohn von Männern in Westfalen; Arbeitsverhältnisse, bei denen am Arbeitsplatz keine Verköstigung erfolgt (oder: Einbezug der Verköstigung in den Lohnsatz). Gesamtdurchschnitt über Sommer- und Winterlöhne, dauerhaft und temporär beschäftigte Arbeiter und über die drei Regierungsbezirke hinweg. Quelle: Kärger et al. (1892, Bd. 1: 225-34). Für weitere Informationen über Landarbeiterlöhne, insbesondere auch zum Zusammenführen der genannten Quellen in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, s. Pfister (2019, 219-222). 3. Nominallohnindex und Konsumgüterpreisindex, 1500–1913 (Tabelle A-03) Die Tabelle enthält die Reihen, die Abbildung 1 in Pfister (2019, 213) zugrundliegen. Sie wurden folgendermaßen konstruiert: Der Nominallohnindex kombiniert folgende drei Reihen, die 1850 bzw. 1888 verkettet wurden: 1500-1850 Tagelohn ungelernter Arbeiter in 18 Städten aus Pfister (2017, Anhang S3, GESIS ZA8636, Tabelle A-03-02) 1850-1888 Jahreslöhne in Industrie und Handwerk aus Pfister (2018, Anhang A3, GESIS ZA8710) 1888-1913 Jahreslöhne in Industrie und Handwerk aus Hoffmann (1965, Tabelle II/104, S. 468-471) Der Konsumgüterpreisindex kombiniert folgende drei Reihen, die 1850 bzw. 1888 verkettet wurden: 1500-1850 Jährliche Kosten eines Konsumgüterkorbs in Gramm Silber aus Pfister (2017, Anhang S3, GESIS ZA8636, Tabelle A-03-02) 1850-1888 Konsumgüterpreisindex aus Pfister (2018, Anhang A3, GESIS ZA8710) 1888-1913 Konsumgüterpreisindex aus Orsagh (1969, 481) Tabelle A-03 enthält auch einen Reallohnindex, der einfach den Quotienten von Nominallohnindex und Konsumgüterpreisindex darstellt. Folgende Datenreihen sind in der vorliegenden Studie enthalten: A.01 skill premium (Fähigkeitsprämie) im städtischen Baugewerbe, 1485-1885. A.02 Tagelohn für Arbeiter in der Landwirtschaft in Nordkirchen bzw. Westfalen, 1730-1892. A.03 Nominallohn, Verbraucherpreis-Index und Reallohn (Indizes 1913=100, aggregierte Indizes), 1500-1913. Hinweis: Studien, die mit dieser Studie in engem Zusammenhang stehen, sind: ZA8636: Pfister, U., Nominallöhne und Konsumgüterpreise in 18 deutschen Städten, 1500-1850. ZA8710: Pfister, U., Löhne und Konsumgüterpreise in Deutschland, 1850 bis 1889
Variations on the Theme of Dombrowski v. Pfister: Federal Intervention in State Criminal Proceedings Affecting First Amendment Rights
No full textOne of the most rapidly changing and complex areas of the law revolves around the propriety and wisdom of federal court ((interference with state court proceedings involving first amendment rights. Mr. Stickgold examines the doctrine being evolved in this area, centering the discussion around Dombrowski v. Pfister and cases that have followed it. The author reports that several courts have not followed the Dombrowski mandates, and consequently, fundamental first amendment freedoms are not adequately protected
Trichomyia stephani Beran, Doczkal, Pfister & Wagner, 2010, sp. nov
No full textTrichomyia stephani sp. nov Material: 13 (holotype) Germany, Rhineland-Palatinate, Kirchheimbolanden, nature reserve Albertskreuz (coppice management), 400 m a.s.l. 23. May – 7. June 2002, malaise-trap, leg. D. Doczkal; 13 (paratype) 12. July 2007, Germany, Bavaria, Munich, Reitschule [48 °09’ 18 ” N, 11 ° 35 ’ 22 ” E], 511 m, CDC-light trap, leg. B. Beran; 13 (paratype) 19. July 2007, Germany, Bavaria, Munich, Reitschule [48 °09’ 18 ” N, 11 ° 35 ’ 22 ” E], 511 m, CDC-light trap, leg. B. Beran; 1 Ƥ (allotype) (paratype) 12. July 2007, Germany, Bavaria, Munich, Reitschule [48 °09’ 18 ” N, 11 ° 35 ’ 22 ” E], 511 m, CDC-light trap, leg. B. Beran. Derivatio nominis: Dedicated to the grandfather of the senior author, Stephan Beran. Male description: Head with round eyes, no eyes-bridge, as typical of the subfamily. Antenna 15 segmented (broken in all specimens during preparation, fig 1). Scape short, barrel-shaped, pedicel spherical, shorter than scape. Flagellomeres elongate, slightly asymmetric with a pair of elongate simple ascoids, about 1.3 times longer than a flagellomere. Relative size of basal antennal segments: 28 - 24-53 - 46 - 42 - further distal segments missing; scape length 0.1 mm. Palpus 3 -segmented (fig 2) 0.24mm long. Basal segment with a circular pit (vesicle), with sensory rods. Relative length of the palpus segments: 29 - 19-21. Thorax and legs elongate without specific features. Wing venation is typical of the genus with only a single vein (R 4 + 5) between the forks R 2 /R 3 and M 1 /M 2. It is not clear whether sc terminates into costa or into R 1 and what is the cross-vein. Radial fork slightly distal of medial fork, a cross-vein between the stems of M 1 + 2 and M 3 /CuA 1. CuA 2 elongate, with basal cross-vein to basal stem of M 3 /CuA 1, anal vein short. Wing length 1.88 mm (holotype); 1.93, 2.04 mm (paratypes); 2.02 mm (allotype). Male abdomen with tergites 7 and 8 strongly reduced to thin clasps, sternites of usual size. Segment 8 with a torsion of about 90 ° to segment 7, genitalia with another torsion of 90 ° to segment 8 so that the genitalia become inverted (fig 5). Genitalia complicatedly structured; gonocoxite basally with an elongate dorsal apodeme (da); distally with a long prominent ventral process, along its inner margin covered with a row of strong bristles; at about middle height lies a short and broad process with several tips and with strong setae. Above it the slightly bent and flattened simple gonostyle articulates. Aedeagus consists of a laterally flattened strongly sclerotized aedeagus apodeme and a distal, slightly sclerotized portion (figs 4, 5, 6). The distal portion maybe bend ventrally at an about median position, where the lateral ‘arms’ of the aedeagus (la in figures 5 and 6) are markedly thinner. In a basal position of the aedeagus broad distal sclerites are visible (fig 5), in a distal position these are merely visible because they are fold up and appear as if one looks at a blade tip (fig 4). At the end of the basal aedeagus apodeme a pair of sperm ducts opens into a wide chamber, flanked by the faint sclerites. Tergite 9 rectangular, cerci are in a horizontal plane, elongate triangular, quite large and setose, best visible in lateral view. Female description: specimen of similar size and coloration as male, palpus three-segmented, also with a depression and sensory rods on the basal segment. Sternite 8 triangular with a slight basal incision, the tip loosely covered with setae, cerci oval (fig 7). The inner genitalia consist of a broad ventral apodeme, and an elongate slightly sclerotized plate. Above the plate is a thin long apodeme that is probably joined to the plate. Further, two short sperm ducts that evolve from a single opening are visible. They end in a pair of holes with well sclerotized circular entrance. Whether these are openings of spermathecae remains dubious. Further structures cannot be sufficiently interpreted at the moment. Remarks. Six European species of Trichomyia Haliday, 1839 are known so far: T. urbica Haliday (widespread in Europe), T. parvula Szabó (Hungaria, Germany, Great Britain) (Szabó 1960), T. malickyi Wagner (Greece: Islands of Kefallinia and Euböa; Wagner, 1982, Ježek, 1990), T. kostovi Ježek (Bulgaria; Ježek 1990), T. carlestolrai Wagner (Spain: Barcelona; Wagner 2001) and T. minima (England; Withers 2004). Relations to the already described European species appear minor. The construction of the genitalia, especially the male gonostyli is unique among European taxa. It is still unknown whether specific relationships between certain tree species and Trichomyiinae do exist. However it is remarkable that the discovery sites of recently described European species are related to old forests and single old trees and remainder of old trees with slowly decaying trees and traditional careful forest management. Thus we speculate that quite a number of European Trichomyiinae still remains undiscovered. We will find them probably in the minor remnants of old forests with slowly decaying trees and in nature reserves.Published as part of Beran, Bernadett, Doczkal, Dieter, Pfister, Kurt & Wagner, Rüdiger, 2010, Two new species of Psychodidae (subfamilies Trichomyiinae and Psychodinae) from Germany associated with decaying wood, pp. 59-64 in Zootaxa 2386 on pages 60-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19377
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