1,705 research outputs found
Does Clade Density Constrain Geographical Range Evolution?
No full textThe role of biotic interactions, such as interspecific competition, in driving geographical range evolution is still poorly understood. For instance, lineages distributed across regions with a large number of potential competitors might experience some level of geographical packing of their range limits, so that changes in their geographical distributions are hampered. Conversely, a large number of competitors could instead lead to accelerated rates of geographical range evolution, with lineages shifting their ranges to avoid competition. We recently introduced the concept of clade density (CD; the sum of the areas of overlap between a species and other members of its higher taxon, weighted by their phylogenetic distance) as a proxy of the potential for interspecific competition across the geographical distribution of a given species. In this study, we used a large dataset with 5936 terrestrial vertebrate species to test whether CD is significantly associated with variation in the rate of geographical range evolution using two alternative approaches. First, we tested if there is a significant relationship between CD and the geographical distance between sister species. In addition, we estimated tip rates of geographical range evolution and tested if they were consistently associated with variation in CD. We found no evidence for an effect of CD on geographical range evolution in either of the tested approaches, even after accounting for phylogenetic uncertainty. These results are inconsistent with equilibrial models of species diversification and suggest that interspecific competition might not play a pervasive role in geographical range evolution of terrestrial vertebrates
Bilingual acquisition data: Dative Alternation_DA-L2 Adult dataset
No full textThis dataset is the result of the research carried out by Silvia Sánchez Calderón (UNED) and Raquel Fernández Fuertes (UVa) in the frame of the Research Group UVALAL (University of Valladolid Language Acquisition Lab, https://uvalal.uva.es/) whose Principal Investigator is Raquel Fernández Fuertes. In this project, the research is conducted on the second language (L2) acquisition of English Dative Alternation (DA) constructions by adult learners whose first language (L1) is Spanish. The results are compared to a control group of L1 English adults. An Acceptability Judgment Task (AJT) was designed for both groups to address grammaticality, sentence structure and word order of the two English DA structures.
The two DA structures under analysis involve, on the one hand, prepositional to-datives that alternate as Double Object Constructions (DOCs) (1) and, on the other hand, prepositional for-datives that alternate as DOCs (2). The main aim of this project is to explore the role played by the L2 English learners' L1 in their sensitivity towards the two syntactic variants, with a particular emphasis on the potential crosslinguistic influence effects (or lack thereof) from Spanish into English and the Universal Grammar (UG) effect on their acquisition.UVALAL1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. Title of dataset 1.2. Author information 1.2.1. PI and co-PI 1.2.2. Lab 1.2.3 People involved in the data collection and the tasks design 1.3. Objectives 1.4. Funding sources 1.5. Citing information 2. ACCESS INFORMATION 2.1. Licenses or restrictions 2.2. Publications 3. METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION 3.1. The participants 3.2. The experimental task: an Acceptability Judgment Task 3.3. Data extraction procedure 3.4. Data classification procedure: variables 4. DATA 4.1. Database 4.2. Last update 5. RELATED DATASETSSpanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [PGC2018-097693-B-I00],Regional Government of Castile and León (Spain) and ERDF [VA009P17
Phylogenetic patterns of species rarity and the relationship between rarity traits and speciation rates in terrestrial mammals
No full text1 p.Species rarity, here referred to the condition in which species traits are infrequent in a given spatial or ecological context, is a fundamental challenge for conservation biology and evolutionary ecology. We investigate the phylogenetic pathways of rarity in terrestrial mammals, to unravel the complex interplay of factors contributing to species rarity, and to shed light on the evolutionary processes shaping contemporary biodiversity. Using a large-scale phylogenetic dataset of 3,212 species, we explore the evolutionary
heritability of rarity levels and forms, examine phylogenetic relationships between rarity axes, and test potential links between rarity traits and speciation rates. By employing the three-dimensional Rabinowitz rarity framework, we classify species rarity based on range size, population density, and habitat breadth. Phylogenetic signal analyses revealed significant conservatism in rarity forms and levels across species and orders, indicating a strong influence of phylogenetic history on rarity types. The primary findings of our model
demonstrate a correlation between rarity traits, with population density negatively correlated with range size, and habitat breadth positively correlated with range size. Remarkably, speciation rates were inversely related to both range size and population density, suggesting that smaller ranges and populations might lead to higher speciation rates. Moreover, higher latitudes were associated with higher speciation rates. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating phylogenetic history to understand the current distribution of species rarity and its implications for conservation. This study lays the groundwork for applying similar approaches to plant species, broadening our understanding of rarity across different taxonomic groups.Peer reviewe
Os ventos da América Latina, por raquel ochoa
No full textThis article analyzes The Wind of Others (2012), by
Raquel Ochoa, a contemporary Portuguese author
who presents a set of travel chronicles through Cen-
tral and South America, from a feminine perspecti-
ve in search of identity and questioning the native
Other. Passionate about writing and travelling, the
author wanders aimlessly like the wind through
the Andes from Costa Rica to Patagonia in Argen-
tina to emerge in the local culture away from the
more commercial tours. As part of travel literature,
the search for the Other(s) reveals alterity and traces
a critical portrait of the plight of the peoples of Latin
America, which result from the processes of coloni-
zation and globalization. The personal encounters
and adventures blend in a literature of the senses re-
vealing the landscapes, the peoples and the winds
of Latin America from a transatlantic perspective.Este artigo analisa O Vento dos Outros (2012), de
Raquel Ochoa, uma autora Portuguesa contem-
porânea que apresenta um conjunto de crónicas de
viagem da América Central à América do Sul, numa
narrativa de olhar feminista em questionamento
identitário com o Outro local. Apaixonada pela escri-
ta e pelas viagens, a autora vagueia sem rumo como
o vento pelos Andes desde a Costa Rica até à Pata-
gónia na Argentina com o objetivo de uma imersão
cultural afastando-se de um périplo mais comercial.
Inserindo-se na literatura de viagens a procura do(s)
outro(s) revela a alteridade e traça um retrato crítico
das difíceis condições de vida dos povos da América
Latina, resultantes dos processos de colonização e
de globalização. Os encontros e aventuras pessoais
misturam-se numa literatura dos sentidos revelan-
do as paisagens, as gentes e os ventos da Améri-
ca Latina a partir de uma perspetiva transatlântica
Reasonable persuasion: speech in García de la Huerta's Raquel
No full textThis thesis investigates the nature of persuasive speeches made by Hernán García and Raquel in order to persuade King Alfonso to turn his attentions respectively toward the Castillian people and Raquel. Each speech uses particular techniques that are born within the genders of the speakers, and each speech is successful because of these strategies. These speeches reflect the contemporary political atmosphere of the author, García de la Huerta's, literary age and reflect a representation of the events surrounding the Esquilache riots. In this way, the author goes beyond a simple demonstration of the world as it is, but in fact accuses Esquilache of misdeeds by demonstrating him to have fallen into feminine habits of excessive greed and emotion that drive him. The author thus warns Carlos III against such influences that are evidenced in gendered persuasive discourse
Macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns of rarity in terrestrial mammals
No full textOrientador: Prof. Dr. Marcio R. PieTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação. Defesa : Curitiba, 29/09/2023Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração: Ecologia e ConservaçãoResumo: A raridade biológica fascina pesquisadores há séculos. Compreender as bases ecológicas e evolutivas da raridade nos ajuda a entender padrões globais de diversidade e traçar estratégias mais eficazes na conservação das espécies ao redor do mundo. Neste estudo utilizamos uma abordagem integrativa entre a macroecologia e macroevolução para compreender padrões de raridade entre os mamíferos terrestres. No primeiro capítulo caracterizamos o caminho evolutivo da principal característica associada à raridade das espécies: a área de distribuição geográfica e sua posição latitudinal. Utilizando métodos filogenéticos comparativos, inferimos processos que parecem ocorrer de maneira similar entre as maiores ordens de mamíferos e ajudam a explicar padrões globais de distribuição da diversidade. No segundo capítulo, classificamos mais de quatro mil espécies quanto à sua raridade e identificamos o atual estado de vulnerabilidade entre as espécies comuns e raras. Também foi proposto um índice baseado nas características intrínsecas relativas à raridade e à sensibilidade das espécies à ação humana. Com isto, foram definidas áreas de conflito globais que seriam prioridades para conservação por abranger maior diversidade de espécies potencialmente vulneráveis e projeções de transformações mais intensas no habitat. No terceiro capítulo investigamos a conservação filogenética da raridade, identificada pela estimativa de um alto sinal filogenético das formas e níveis de raridade. Também encontramos uma tendência de relação negativa entre dois principais eixos da raridade (a área de distribuição geográfica e a densidade populacional) e uma relação, também negativa entre estas variáveis e as taxas de especiação no grupo. Estes resultados ancoram explicações sobre existência desproporcional de espécies raras e comuns entre as comunidades ecológicas.Abstract: Biological rarity has fascinated researchers for centuries. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary underpinnings of rarity aids in comprehending global diversity patterns and devising more effective strategies for species conservation worldwide. In this study, we employed an integrated approach blending macroecology and macroevolution to unravel patterns of rarity across terrestrial mammals species. In the first chapter, we characterized the evolutionary pathway of the primary characteristic associated with species rarity, the geographical range size and its latitudinal position. Through phylogenetic comparative methods, we inferred processes that seem to occur similarly across major mammalian orders, shedding light on global diversity distribution patterns. In the second chapter, we classified over four thousand species based on their rarity and identified the current vulnerability status among both common and rare species. We proposed an index based on intrinsic rarity-related traits and species' susceptibility to human influence. This approach indicates global conflict zones demanding conservation attention due to encompassing a higher diversity of potentially vulnerable species and more intense habitat transformations projections. In the third chapter, we investigate the phylogenetic conservatism of rarity among mammalian species, discerned by the observation of a strong phylogenetic signal between rarity forms and levels. We also uncovered a tendency towards a negative relationship between two key axes of rarity (geographical distribution area and population density) and a likewise negative relationship between these variables and speciation rates within the group. These findings underscore explanations for the disproportionate occurrence of both rare and common species within ecological communities
Convergencias de pasados traumáticos de Europa y Latinoamérica en novelas españolas recientes
No full textThe author compares testimonial literature about past authoritarians in Latin America and Spain and focuses attention on the recent Spanish literary works. Hereby, she emphasizes peculiarities of the aesthetic treatment of the Iberian Peninsula's traumatic past.Fil: Macciuci, Raquel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina
Convergencias de pasados traumáticos de Europa y Latinoamérica en novelas españolas recientes
No full textThe author compares testimonial literature about past authoritarians in Latin America and Spain and focuses attention on the recent Spanish literary works. Hereby, she emphasizes peculiarities of the aesthetic treatment of the Iberian Peninsula's traumatic past.Fil: Macciuci, Raquel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina
Amores de Alfonso VIII y Raquel, la judía de Toledo
No full textLa leyenda de los amores del rey caste-
llano Alfonso VIII y Raquel, la bella judía de Toledo, se forjó para justificar la derrota de este rey
en
Alarcos en 1195. Esta apasionada y desdichada
historia conmovió desde el principio a sus coetáneos y más tarde despertó la imaginación de escritores españoles y extranjeros. La excepcionalidad
del personaje de Raquel, con su pasión, osadía y
encanto conecta fácilmente con nuestra alma y con
nuestra vida. En el artículo estudiamos los contextos histórico, social y biográfico en los que se de
senvolvió la vida de los amantes, el nacimiento literario de la leyenda y la versión de cuatros dramaturgos atraídos por el mito: Lope de Vega, Antonio
Mira de Amescua, Vicente García de la Huerta y
Franz Grillparzer. La selección de obras se justifica en el hecho de que Lope de Vega es autor de la
primera obra dramática sobre el tema y el que bautiza a la judía con el nombre de Raquel; Mira de
Amescua, es seguidor de Lope y García de la
Huerta, a su vez, es seguidor de Mira de Amescua;
finalmente, el gran poeta austríaco y admirador de
Lope, Grillparzer, es autor de la última versión dramática. Aunque de épocas y culturas diferentes,
con diferentes perspectivas, con su intuición y sensibilidad literaria dramatizan bellamente la conjunción de elementos que configuró las vidas de los
amantes y que contribuyó a que Raquel, fuera asesinada por los nobles del reino con el beneplácito
de la reina doña Leonor. Según su visión, la muerte de Raquel y el fracaso de su amor fue inevitable.The legend of the love affair between Alfonso VIII, King of Castille, and Raquel, the beautiful
Jewish girl from Toledo, was conceived to justify the
defeat of Alfonso in Alarcos in 1195. Right from the
beginning this passionate and unfortunate story made
an impression on their contemporaries and in time
aroused the imagination of both Spanish and foreign
writers. Raquel’s exceptional character, her passion,
audacity, intelligence and charm easily enter our
hearts and affect our lives. Her life becomes comprehensible to us. In this article we analyze the historical, social and biographical context in which the
two
lovers lived their lives, and the literary birth of
the legend and the scenical approach chosen by three
Spanish writers – Lope de Vega, Antonio Mira de
Amescua, Vicente García de la Huerta – and a foreign one, the Austrian Franz Grillparzer. The selection of works is justified by the fact that Lope de
Vega is the author of the first play on the subject
and
it is he that name the Jewish girl Raquel. Mira de
Amescua is a follower of Lope de Vega and García
de la Huerta, in turn, is a follower of Mira de Amescua. Although they belonged to different periods and cultures, and despite the different viewpoints adopted
in their treatment of the legend, the writers’ insights
and literary sensitivities enabled them to dramatize
the diversity of elements that shaped the lovers’ lives
and led to the murder of Raquel, the beautiful Jewish
girl, at the hands the kingdom’s noblemen with the
consent of Queen Leonor. Raquel’s death and the tragic end of their love affair were inevitable
Convergencias de pasados traumáticos de Europa y Latinoamérica en novelas españolas recientes
No full textThe author compares testimonial literature about past authoritarians in Latin America and Spain and focuses attention on the recent Spanish literary works. Hereby, she emphasizes peculiarities of the aesthetic treatment of the Iberian Peninsula's traumatic past.Fil: Macciuci, Raquel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina
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