1,720,977 research outputs found
Les risques de dégradation des écosystèmes liés à la culture du coton au Burkina Faso : le cas du parc national de Pô
No full textDepuis 1995, la culture du coton connaît une expansion considérable au Burkina Faso. Sa promotion vise à accroître les revenus monétaires des paysans et lutter contre la pauvreté. L’engouement pour la culture du coton est à l’origine de l’envolée de la production du pays qui est passée de 147 000 à 600 000 tonnes entre 1996 et 2006. Cette dynamique suscite des polémiques sur les effets environnementaux avérés ou supposés de la culture du coton, susceptibles de compromettre la préservation des ressources naturelles et de la biodiversité surtout lorsque la culture côtoie une aire protégée comme le parc national de Pô. À partir d’une analyse diachronique d’images satellites (Landsat et Aster) et des investigations menées sur deux terroirs qui jouxtent le parc, cette étude met en évidence une dégradation de la végétation et la flore, une pollution des eaux de surface et de sérieuses menaces sur certaines populations de la faune. Il s’avère nécessaire de renforcer les mesures d’accompagnement qui concilient le développement harmonieux de la filière avec la gestion durable des ressources naturelles.Since 1995, cotton farming expanded considerably in Burkina Faso. Its promotion aims to increase the monetary incomes of the peasants in order to reduce poverty. The sudden interest in cotton farming is at the origin of the increase in the country production that passed from 147 000 to 600 000 tons between 1996 and 2006. This dynamics brings out some polemics on the established or alleged environmental effects of the cotton farming, susceptible to compromise the preservation of the natural resources and biodiversity especially when the culture coasts a protected area as the national park of Pô. Using spatial analyses and investigations on two soils nearby the park, this survey shows evidence of serious threats on the ecosystems. The findings support the necessity of measures that reconcile the harmonious development of cotton farming with the lasting management of natural resources
Changement climatique et agriculture durable au Burkina Faso : stratégies de résilence basées sur les savoirs locaux rapport d'étude
No full textCe travail a été réalisé dans le cadre de l'Initiative de recherche concertée sur l'adaptation en Afrique et en Asie (IRCAAA) avec le soutien financier du Department for International Development (Dfid), du Royaume Ni et du Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI), du Canada.Dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique, le secteur agricole est mis à rude épreuve si bien que son développement constitue une priorité dans les politiques en cours. Cependant, ces ambitions affichées de croissance agricole sont tributaires des changements climatiques. Dans ce contexte, le consortium de recherche PRESA vise, au terme de ses recherches, à formuler des orientations stratégiques dans les secteurs clés dont l'agriculture. Pour ce faire, la prise en compte des savoirs locaux. La présente étude fait l'état des lieux de ces savoirs à travers deu sites d'étude
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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