108 research outputs found
Structural Bias in Knowledge Graphs for the Entity Alignment Task
No full textInternational audienceHome The Semantic Web Conference paperStructural Bias in Knowledge Graphs for the Entity Alignment TaskDownload book PDFDownload book EPUBStructural Bias in Knowledge Graphs for the Entity Alignment TaskNikolaos Fanourakis, Vasilis Efthymiou, Vassilis Christophides, Dimitris Kotzinos, Evaggelia Pitoura & Kostas Stefanidis Conference paperFirst Online: 22 May 2023650 Accesses1 CitationsPart of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNCS,volume 13870)AbstractKnowledge Graphs (KGs) have recently gained attention for representing knowledge about a particular domain and play a central role in a multitude of AI tasks like recommendations and query answering. Recent works have revealed that KG embedding methods used to implement these tasks often exhibit direct forms of bias (e.g., related to gender, nationality, etc.) leading to discrimination. In this work, we are interested in the impact of indirect forms of bias related to the structural diversity of KGs in entity alignment (EA) tasks. In this respect, we propose an exploration-based sampling algorithm, SUSIE, that generates challenging benchmark data for EA methods, with respect to structural diversity. SUSIE requires setting the value of a single hyperparameter, which affects the connectivity of the generated KGs. The generated samples exhibit similar characteristics to some of the most challenging real-world KGs for EA tasks. Using our sampling, we demonstrate that state-of-the-art EA methods, like RREA, RDGCN, MultiKE and PARIS, exhibit different robustness to structurally diverse input KGs
Nationalism, militarism and masculinity in post-conflict Cyprus
No full textThis book uses empirical research to introduce the relationship between nationalism, militarism and masculinity. The co-constitution between these three factors is susceptible to change and hinders reconciliation, according to the author. Drawing on the case of Cyprus, a country in conflict with Turkey, Efthymiou reveals how nationalism, militarism and masculinity were constructed after the war, and re-adapted following the opening of internal borders and European Union accession.
Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity in Post-Conflict Cyprus draws on rich field-research, with soldiers and officers in army barracks, politicians such as former President of Republic of Cyprus Glafkos Clerides, leaders of radical far-right movements and the Greek Cypriot public. The book offers invaluable insight into the application of nationalism, militarism and masculinity in governmental policy including by the Cyprus Defence Ministry, and will be of interest to students and scholars in sociology, gender studies, peace studies, security studies, politics and international relations, as well as governments and NGOs
Management of pemphigus vulgaris: challenges and solutions
No full textStamatis Gregoriou, Ourania Efthymiou, Christina Stefanaki, Dimitris Rigopoulos 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece Abstract: The main objective in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris is to control the disease, prevent relapses, and avoid adverse events associated with the prolonged use of steroids and immunosuppressive agents. Systemic corticosteroids remain the gold standard treatment for pemphigus vulgaris. Azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil are the first line of steroid-sparing treatment. Rituximab is extremely effective in recalcitrant pemphigus, when other treatments fail to control the disease. The European Dermatology Forum recommends tapering prednisolone by 25% every 2 weeks after the consolidation phase, and a 5 mg reduction every 4 weeks when the dose is reduced to <20 mg. If the patient relapses, options include increasing steroids back to the previous dose, adding an immunosuppressant if using steroid monotherapy, or replacing a first-line immunosuppressant by another if already on combination therapy. Keywords: pemphigus vulgaris, treatment, steroids, rituximab, azathioprine, mycophenolat
Implications of vehicle automation for accessibility and social inclusion of people on low income, people with physical and sensory disabilities, and older people
No full textGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Transport and Logistic
Taking people as they could be: a defence of ideal political theory
No full textDefence date: 3 February 2012; Examining Board: Professor Peter Wagner, University of Barcelona and formerly EUI (Supervisor) ; Professor Martin Van Gelderen, EUI ; Professor Andrew Mason, University of Southampton ; Professor Glen Newey, Helsinki CollegiumPDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD thesesThe object of this thesis is to defend ideal political theory from a series of objections that question its theoretical and practical soundness. My preliminary thesis is that ideal political theory is theoretically as well as practically sufficient in terms of providing us with valid normative prescriptions. The first three chapters explore the nature of ideal political theory and provide a qualified defence of its theoretical force whereas the last three chapters are somewhat more practical and focus on whether and how ideal theory can inform political action. In chapter 1 I provide a critical overview of the most recent debates on the nature of ideal theory and show how these are related to meta-ethics. The aim of chapter 2 is to provide a preliminary defence of the necessity and sufficiency of ideal theory for normatively ranking alternative states of affairs as well as for helping us to decide what to practically do. The aim of chapter 3 is to defend the claim that mere incongruence between a theory and the nonideal circumstances of its application does not constitute an argument against its theoretical and practical soundness. In chapter 4 I argue that a fixation on political feasibility, from the part of contextualist political theorists, comes at the price of theoretical incoherence as well as suboptimal and arbitrary suggestions concerning political reforms. In chapter 5 I engage with the real-world problem of climate change and show how ideal political theory can practically serve as a guide for political action in nonideal circumstances. Finally, in chapter 6, I show in what ways the complex reality of partisan party politics and political pluralism is compatible with ideal political theory
Cumulation of diminutive markers in Modern Greek: an eye on speakers' perspective
No full textInternational audienceEvaluative morphology is a hotly debated issue in linguistic theory and has been addressed from different perspectives, either mostly morpho-grammatical or morpho-semantic/pragmatic (e.g. Scalise 1994; Stump 1993; Dressler & Barbaresi 1994). The category of size and its importance for perception and cognition is thought of by many specialists as the major starting point of evaluation (Jurafsky 1996; Prieto 2005 contra Dressler & Barbaresi 1994), which expands encompassing all types of morphological formations that deviate from the default value either quantitatively or qualitatively. Moreover, in many languages evaluative markers carry over simultaneously both quantitative and qualitative readings, plus they can co-occur in the same morphological formation. Modern Greek has a rich inventory of evaluative markers and falls within this category as well. Even though several works have been published on the formal and/or the semantic properties of Modern Greek evaluative morphology (e.g. Efthymiou 2015, 2017, 2023, to appear; Melissaropoulou 2006, 2015; Melisaropoulou & Ralli 2008; Xydopoulos 2009), no detailed studies are available on the co-occurrence of evaluative markers. To this end, the aim of this paper is to investigate:a.the range of evaluatives that can co-occur forming multiple diminutivesb.the possible constraints that govern evaluative affix orderingTo address these issues, we test empirically the acceptability of different types of cumulative evaluative formations with the use of a e-questionnaire whoseparticipants aged from 19 to 24, are Greek native speakers and students following the classes of the first author. Five experimental conditions containing 16 items each and corresponding to different types of multiple diminutive formations, plus two control conditions (morphophonological and semantic) were tested on a Lickert scale. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) will reveal the differences between these groups of stimuli, allnominal evaluates, in acceptability terms. Our preliminary results show that multiple diminutives are quite acceptable in Modern Greek showing, however, specific ordering and adding different evaluative readings. More specifically:a. recursiveness of the same marker is not a productive evaluation strategy in Greek.b. Specific diminutive suffixes are susceptible to further diminution, e.g. -ul(is)/-a/-i, while others behave as closing suffixes, blocking further suffixation, e.g. the suffixes -aki and-itsa.c. Suffixal evaluative formations can be further affixed with the addition of prefix-like markers, e.g. psilo-, which usually add attitudinal or pragmatic meaning in Greek.Our working hypothesis to be tested more thoroughly is whether the closing status of specific markers is accounted for a. in terms of their greater productivity and lack of severe selectional restrictions (Manova & Winternitz 2011) b. in terms of the vaster range of evaluative readings the latter may realize compared to the non-closing suffixes and c. or in terms of both and possibly other lexical or register restrictions as well.ReferencesDressler, Wolfgang. U. & Lavinia Merlini Barbaresi. 1994. Morphopragmatics: Diminutives and intensifiers in Italian, German and other languages, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Dressler, Wolfgang U., Merlini Barbaresi, Lavinia, Schwaiger, Sonja, Ransmayr, Jutta, Sommer-Lolei, Sabine & Katharina Korecky-Kröll. 2019. Rivalry and lack of blocking among Italian and German diminutives in adult and child language. In Franz Rainer, Francesco Gardani, Wolfgang. U. Dressler & Hans Christian Luschützky (Eds.), Competition in Inflection and Word-formation, 123-143. Cham: Springer. Efthymiou, Angeliki. 2015. Modern Greek diminutive and augmentative adjectives (in a cross-linguistic perspective). SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics 21(1), 57-71. Efthymiou, Angeliki. 2017. Intensification and deintensification in Modern Greek verbs, Lexis [Online], 10 |2017, Online since 30 September 2017, connection on 23 October 2023. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/lexis/1089; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/lexis.1089. Efthymiou Angeliki. 2023. Η έκφραση του υποκορισμού στη νέα ελληνική: ανταγωνισμός, ποικιλία και περιορισμοί [Diminution in Modern Greek: competition, variation and constraints]. Studies in Greek Linguistics 42, 127-136. Efthymiou Angeliki. to appear. Diminutive formation in Modern Greek: Variation and competition. In Alexandra Bagasheva, Akiko Nagano & Vincent Renner (Eds.), Competition in Word-Formation, John Benjamin Studies in Language Companion Series. Jurafsky, Daniel. 1996. Universal tendencies in the semantics of the diminutive, Language, 72(3), 533-78. Manova, Stela & Kimberley Winternitz. 2011. Suffix order in double and multiple diminutives: with data from Polish and Bulgarian. Studies in Polish Linguistics. 6. 115-138. Melissaropoulou, Dimitra. 2006. Η μορφολογική διαδικασία του υποκορισμού στη διαλεκτική ποικιλία της Ελληνικής-Σύγκριση με την ΚΝΕ. [The morphological process of diminution in Greek dialectal variation- Comparison with Standard Modern Greek]. Master Thesis. University of Patras. Melissaropoulou, Dimitra. 2015. Modern Greek. In Nicola Grandi & Livia Körtvélyessy (Eds.), Edinburgh Handbook of Evaluative Morphology, 278-286. Edinburgh: EUP. Melissaropoulou, Dimitra. & Angela Ralli. 2008. Headedness in diminutive formation: Evidence from Modern Greek and its Dialectal Variation. Acta Linguistica Hungarica 55, 138-204
Predicting the Optimal Period for Cyclic Hoist Scheduling Problems
No full textSince combinatorial scheduling problems are usually NP-hard, this paper investigates whether machine learning (ML) can accelerate exact solving of a problem instance. We adopt supervised learning on a corpus of problem instances, to acquire a function that predicts the optimal makespan for a given instance. The learned predictor is invariant to the instance size as it uses statistics of instance attributes. We provide this prediction to a solving algorithm in the form of bounds on the objective function. Specifically, this approach is applied to the well-studied Cyclic Hoist Scheduling Problem (CHSP). The goal for a CHSP instance is to find a feasible schedule for a hoist which moves objects between tanks with minimal cyclic period. Taking an existing Constraint Programming (CP) model for this problem, and an exact CP-SAT solver, we implement a Deep Neural Network, a Random Forest and a Gradient Boosting Tree in order to predict the optimal period p. Experimental results find that, first, ML models (in particular DNNs), can be good predictors of the optimal p; and, second, providing tight bounds for p around the predicted value to an exact solver significantly reduces the solving time without compromising the optimality of the solutions.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Algorithmic
A holistic, user-driven approach to the development of an innovative, open-access Educational Framework for six existing and emerging information-related literacies
No full textPurpose - This article discusses a holistic, user-driven approach for the development of an innovative, open-access Educational Framework that includes six emerging information-related literacies. The Educational Framework of these literacies should be based on the structural support offered by the various Information Literacy models and is addressed to educators and librarians.
Design/methodology/approach The proposed Educational Frameworks’ possible stakeholders and partners should plan for specific activities that will lead to the achievement of three main objectives: (a) the development of a freely available Information Literacy Training Package; (b) the training of educators and librarians, in the core skills of Information Literacy, as a horizontal goal and in new literacies as vertical goals; (c) the convergence in terms of strategy, expertise and infrastructure in Information Literacy initiatives, at a co-operative and even at a transnational level.
Expected impact – The open access dissemination of information-related literacies concerning: critical thinking regarding issues of equality and tackling the social injustices against marginalized groups in communities; making the most of peoples’ multiple interactions with digital technology and media; mobile tailored learning contents are cost effective and accessible for persons with learning disabilities; freedom of expression and information, empowerment of citizens to understand the functions of media and other information providers, to critically evaluate their content, and to make informed decisions as users and producers of information and media content; understanding and production of reliable news stories and scientific papers, based on data; dissemination and fostering of the Sustainable development goals, through the lenses of Information Literacy.
Originality/value - The proposed Educational Framework is a conceptually, strategically, technologically and educationally pioneering endeavor in answering specific urgent demands of the current Information and Knowledge Society
SMART mobility via prediction, optimization and personalization
No full textIn this chapter, we present a methodological approach for Smart Mobility that integrates three key features: prediction, optimization, and personalization. They are integrated in such a way that when a travel menu is offered, predicted conditions are considered in the attributes of alternatives and optimized system-level policies are maintained. Similarly, user-level estimations and updates are used by prediction and optimization methods at the system-level in order to represent the population with most up-to-date behavioral estimates. Furthermore, a simulation-based evaluation methodology enables to validate the performance of prediction, optimization, and personalization before Smart Mobility is implemented in real-life. Two case studies are presented based on the proposed methodologies together with platforms that facilitate their application. Potential benefits of the proposed methodologies are evaluated which can be classified into user-level and system-level benefits. User-level benefits include consumer surplus, waiting times, etc., and system-level is concerned with congestion, throughput, system-wide travel time, etc. As there is normally a tradeoff between the individual decision-making and system-wide decision-making, Smart Mobility bridges them together with appropriate methodologies on each end. For example, for our Flexible Mobility on Demand case study, we observe 10%–20% reduction in volume-to-capacity ratio as a system-level benefit. Moreover, we see that the tradeoff between consumer surplus and operator profit can be managed with an appropriate objective function.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Transport Engineering and Logistic
- …
