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Essays on emerging market finance
Full text linkVäitöskirjan tavoitteena on tutkia kehittyvien markkinoiden tärkeimpien omaisuusluokkien ominaisuuksia. Neljässä erillisessä esseessä tarkastellaan kehittyvien markkinoiden osake- ja joukkovelkakirjamarkkinoiden ominaispiirteitä. Ensimmäisessä esseessä tutkitaan kehittyvien markkinoiden osakkeiden ja joukkovelkakirjalainojen välistä korrelaatiota. Tulokset osoittavat, että osakkeiden ja joukkovelkakirjalainojen väliseen korrelaatioon vaikuttaa merkittävästi valittu aikaperiodi. Lyhyen aikavälin korrelaatio voi muuttua nopeasti, ollen negatiivinen suurimman osan ajasta, kun taas pitkän aikavälin korrelaatio pysyy positiivisena suurimman osan ajasta. Tärkeimmät selittävät tekijät osakkeiden ja joukkovelkakirjalainojen väliselle korrelaatiolle ovat keskuspankkien rahapolitiikka, inflaatio ja osakemarkkinoiden epävarmuus. Toisessa esseessä tutkitaan sijoituspäätösten ajoittamista kehittyvien markkinoiden osakkeiden ja joukkovelkakirjalainojen hintasuhteita hyödyntämällä. Tulokset osoittavat, että kehittyvien markkinoiden joukkovelkakirjalainoilla on osakkeille tyypillisiä piirteitä, eikä niitä siitä syystä tulisi pitää turvallisina sijoituksina suhteessa kehittyvien markkinoiden osakkeisiin.
Väitöskirjan kolmas essee keskittyy erityisesti analysoimaan poliittisen riskitekijän vaikutusta osaketuottoihin kehittyneissä, kehittyvissä sekä reunamarkkinoihin kuuluvissa maissa. Tulokset osoittavat, että poliittinen riskitekijä on hinnoiteltu osakkeisiin kaikilla tutkituilla osakemarkkinoilla, mutta myös eroavaisuuksia löytyy markkinoiden välillä. Neljäs essee laajentaa väitöskirjan ulottuvuutta ja tarkastelee yritysten kansainvälistä velkarahoitusta. Tulokset osoittavat, että yhdysvaltalaisten yritysten kansainvälistymisestä saamat hyödyt eroavat merkitsevästi riippuen siitä, mihin maahan ne kansainvälistyvät. Joukkovelkakirjojen liikkeellelasku kehittyvissä maissa vaikuttaa haitallisesti yritysten markkina-arvoon, kun taas kehittyneistä maista haettu velkarahoitus nostaa markkina-arvoa.This thesis studies various aspects of major financial asset classes in emerging markets. Four interrelated essays explore the attributes and investigate the risk characteristics of equity and debt markets in emerging countries. The first essay examines the relationship between the emerging market stocks and bonds. The results show that time-varying stock-bond correlation patterns vary significantly between time horizons. In the short horizon, the correlation changes the sign rapidly showing sustainable negative episodes, while in the long horizon the correlation stays positive most of the time. Important factors influencing stock-bond correlation are monetary policy stance, inflation and stock market uncertainty. The second essay studies the characteristics of emerging market stocks and bonds by using their relative yields as a foundation for various market timing investment strategies. The findings demonstrate that emerging market bonds have equity-like characteristics and should not be assigned the properties of a safe investment relative to emerging market stocks.
The third essay focuses specifically on risk characteristics of emerging equity markets by investigating how determinants of political risk factor affect stock returns of developed, emerging and frontier markets. The results show that composite political risk is priced in all three stock market categories, but the effect of individual components varies across different markets. The fourth essay extends the scope of the dissertation and examines the issues surrounding the cross-border raising of debt capital in developed and emerging market environments. The results reveal that the benefits of internationalization for US firms differ sharply depending on the specific market into which they internationalize. Firms that issue debt to emerging markets experience a negative valuation effect while internationalization improves valuation for firms issuing debt in developed markets.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed|ei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Financial integration of six former Yugoslavian equity markets : evidence from the financial crisis
Full text linkThis thesis investigates the financial integration of former Yugoslavian countries’ equity markets into developed markets with respect to the financial crisis of late 2000s. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the former Yugoslavian countries became integrated globally before the financial crisis and if the integration process increased or decreased during the crisis.
The sample includes six former Yugoslavian equity markets, specifically Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro and FYR Macedonia as well as the US and German equity markets. Financial integration and dynamic linkages are tested with vector autoregressive framework, specifically cointegration vectors as the unit root tests, Johansen procedure, Granger causality test and exclusion test are employed.
The empirical findings indicate that Croatia and Slovenia represent markets with considerable financial integration towards developed markets of US and Germany. Serbia, Bosnia, Montenegro and Macedonia only showed the short-run cointegration with mature markets during the financial crisis period. The financial integration among the former Yugoslavian countries increased during the financial crisis. Croatia represents a dominant market in the region of former Yugoslavia affecting the returns of every other market in the region significantly. The role of Serbian market in the region increased during the financial crisis period. Due to the level of financial integration, superior portfolio returns for international investors are rather limited in case of Croatia and Slovenia as these markets’ returns are in the long-run equilibrium with mature markets. However, diversification benefits can be pursued by investing in other former Yugoslavian countries.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Unconventional monetary policy and international equity capital flows to emerging markets
Full text linkThis paper examines the relationship between monetary policies pursued by three major central banks (U.S. Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and Bank of Japan) and net equity capital flows to emerging markets (EMs) by global investment funds. We focus on two aspects of central bank policy: The growth of central bank assets and the surprise element of asset growth. We find, first, positive, economically large and statistically significant spillovers from the U.S. Federal Reserve asset growth to EM equity inflows following the adoption of unconventional monetary policies. Second, U.S. Federal Reserve and (to a lesser extent) European Central Bank asset growth surprises are negatively related to EM capital flows.© 2021 The Authors. European Financial Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed
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