6 research outputs found
Rapid Nucleic Acid Test pada Kasus Faringitis yang Disebabkan oleh Bakteri Group A Streptococcus
Full text linkLatar belakang. Faringitis streptokokal akut adalah salah satu infeksi saluran napas atas yang sering menyerang anak usia 5- 15 tahun. Insidensinya sangat tinggi di Indonesia, sekitar 20% pada rentang usia di atas, dan 10-15% pada usia dewasa (>15 tahun). Komplikasi sering berupa abses peritonsilar, glomerulonefritis pasca infeksi, atau penyakit jantung rematik, apabila penanganan tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan kematian.
Tujuan. Menilai Rapid Nucleic Acid Test sebagai alat diagnosis pasien suspek faringitis.
Metode. Penelusuran pada database elektronik, yaitu Pubmed, Embase, dan ProQuest dengan kata kunci “pharyngitis” “AND” “Nucleic Acid Amplification Test”.
Hasil. Keenam penelitian yang masuk dalam pembelajaran Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti ini memiliki nilai sensistifitas cukup baik, yaitu >95%, kecuali oleh Hashavya S dkk (79%). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan ini dapat diaplikasikan secara klinis.
Kesimpulan. Rapid Nucleic Acid Tests digunakan sebagai alat uji diagnostik pasien suspek Group A Streptococcal faringitis, cenderung lebih mudah serta hasil didapatkan lebih cepat jika dibandingkan dengan kultur
Optimizing Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolation from Children Diarrheal Stool Samples in Jakarta: A Comparative Analysis of Six Culture Media
Full text linkThe prevalence of diarrheal illnesses in Indonesia remains a significant concern among children under the age of five, evident through diagnostic findings and symptomatic manifestations, leading to increased rates of mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to identify, isolate, and culture gram-negative bacteria responsible for childhood diarrhea. Twenty stool samples were collected from children under the age of 5 with acute diarrhea in Jakarta health centres and hospitals between October 2023 to January 2024. These samples were inoculated onto selective agars to facilitate the growth of gram-negative bacteria. After a 24-hour incubation period, colonies suspected to be E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella, Shigella, or Vibrio were identified using the Vitek-2 compact system. The results revealed a notable presence of Gram-negative bacteria in all the fecal samples from diarrheal children, with Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Klebsiella p) as the predominant species. In conclusion, our study, utilizing various cultures and the Vitek-2 compact system, elucidates the microbial landscape driving diarrheal morbidity in Indonesian children under five, with E. Coli and klebsiella pneumoniae emerging as prevalent contributors to childhood diarrhea in this population
Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitude of Religious Affairs Office’s Staff in Conducting Reproductive Health Education for Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Premarital Couples
Full text linkSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health challenge worldwide. Besides being transmitted through sexual intercourse, STIs can also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Inadequate surveillance systems, community stigma, and limited access to health care hinder efforts to prevent STI transmission. Therefore, effective interventions are needed. This study aimed to increase the knowledge of the religious affairs office (KUA) staff about STIs and prevention of transmission so that KUA can become a partner to the community health center in providing counseling on healthy reproductive life to prospective couples. Participants were Cilandak KUA's staff and couples who came there. Activities included educational presentations, group discussions, and distribution of educational materials. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to measure the level of knowledge. Questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic characteristics, attitudes, and couple's willingness to undergo STI screening. The results showed an increase in the knowledge of couples and staff regarding STIs and prevention of transmission. Presentation by the doctor was the most effective method. This activity shows KUA's potency as a partner of a community health center in promoting STI prevention. However, ongoing support, training, and evaluation are needed to ensure that accurate information is consistently provided to the couples
Uji In Vitro Beberapa Kombinasi Antibiotik Antipseudomonas terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa yang Resisten terhadap Karbapenem
Full text linkLower respiratory tract, sepsis, or urinary tract infection caused by the multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common in the hospital, especially in the ICU wards. The treatment against this bacteria requires combination of antibiotics with different mechanism of actions. In this study, several combinations of antibiotics were evaluated in vitro against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from the ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The combination of antibiotics tested were ceftazidime-amikacin, ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin-amikacin. Checkerboard assay to the combination of antibiotics was conducted to assess the in vitro synergistic activity. A total of 22 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected, 16 of them were resistant to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, as well as carbapenem. The result revealed that the combination of ceftazidime and amikacin showed promising synergistic activity. Conversely, no synergitic activities were shown by the combination of ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin and ciprofloxacin-amikacin. The combination of ceftazidime-amikacin may has potential effect againsts carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in vitro
Multidrug Resistance and Extensively Drug-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus
No full textAntimicrobial resistance in bacteria has become a leading global public health issue. Staphylococcus sp. has an efficient mechanism to deal with antimicrobial agents that make them hard to treat in hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. This study was conducted due to limited data about multidrug resistance and extensively drug resistance in Staphylococcus sp. in Indonesia. This study was a descriptive retrospective study using a cross-sectional design to get the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. haemolyticus, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. The data was secondary data extracted from WHONET 2022 software. This study’s data were from bacteria from samples sent to UKK LMK FKUI, Jakarta from 2017 to 2021 for routine diagnostic. In this study, we found that the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus was 24,9%, methicillin-resistant S.epidermidis was 65,5%, and methicillin-resistant S.haemolyticus was 86,8%. The prevalence of MDR S.aureus is less than S.epidermidis and S.haemolyticus, respectively. MDR S.haemolyticus was consistently above 85% each year, while S.epidermidis was above 50% and S.aureus was below 50%. XDR Staphylococcus was only found in S.aureus and S.haemolyticus, i.e. three and seven XDR isolates of S.aureus and S.haemolyticus respectively during 2017-2021. Although we could not find any pan-resistant isolates from all samples, we found methicillin-resistant S.aureus and S.haemolyticus isolates that were also resistant to vancomycin and linezolid. S.haemolyticus dan S. epidermidis were an important coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species that can’t be neglected due to the high percentage of MDR and the discoveries of XDR in S.haemolyticus so that they have the potential to disseminate resistance plasmids to the more virulent bacteria. Therefore we need to control the use of antimicrobial agent to prevent this resistance
Quaternary Ammonium Compound Disinfectant Efficacy Test on The Patients’ Environment in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital
No full text The increasing prevalence of hospital-acquired infection continues to be a global concern until today. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacies of Caviwipe® and 70% alcohol tissue in the prevention of hospital-acquired infection. This experimental study was conducted on 36 equipment samples in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during April–August 2015. A total of 144 surface samples were collected before and after the disinfection process by both the disinfectants. The sample equipment used and placed in the agar plate for a short period of time; the plates were then incubated. The colony numbers of grown bacteria and fungi were calculated. The data were numerically reported as the microbial colony count. Data were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows. Paired t-test was used for the statistical analysis. The mean colony counts before disinfection by 70% alcohol tissue and Caviwipe® were 11.75 and 17.58, respectively. Meanwhile, the average colony counts after disinfection with 70% alcohol tissue and Caviwipe® were 0.138 and 0.222, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the mean of the colony count before and after disinfection with both disinfectants (p>0.05). Separately, a significant difference of colony count between before and after the disinfection process for each disinfectant was seen (p<0.05). The mean reduction in the colony counts after disinfection by both disinfectants indicates that there is no significant difference (p>0.05) in the efficacies between the Caviwipe® and 70% alcohol tissue in reducing the amount of bacteria and fungi present on the surfaces of the equipment placed close to the patients in a hospital environment. Keywords: disinfectant, environment, hospital, alcohol, Caviwipe®. Uji Efikasi Disinfektan Quaternary Ammonium Compound Disinfectant di Lingkungan Pasien di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Abstrak Peningkatan prevalensi infeksi yang didapat di rumah sakit masih menjadi perhatian hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan efektivitas Caviwipe® dan tisu alkohol 70% dalam upaya pencegahan infeksi yang didapat di rumah sakit. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan pada bulan April–August 2015 dengan 36 sampel peralatan di rumah sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Terdapat 144 titik pengambilan sampel permukaan lingkungan dan peralatan, sebelum dan sesudah disinfeksi dengan kedua disinfektan. Sampel diambil dengan contact agar lalu diinkubasi, kemudian dihitung jumlah koloni bakteri dan jamur yang tumbuh. Data jumlah koloni mikroba dilaporkan sebagai data numerik dan dianalisis dengan perangkat lunak SPSS untuk Windows. Analisis statistik menggunakan paired-t-test. Hitung koloni sebelum disinfeksi dengan tisu alkohol 70% dan Caviwipe® adalah 11,7 dan 17,58. Rerata jumlah koloni sesudah disinfeksi dengan tisu alkohol 70% dan Caviwipe® adalah 0,138 dan 0,222. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara rerata jumlah koloni sebelum dan sesudah disinfeksi dengan kedua jenis disinfektan (p>0,05). Masing-masing disinfektan menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah koloni sebelum dan sesudah disinfeksi (p<0,05). Penurunan rerata jumlah koloni sesudah disinfeksi antara kedua disinfektan tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05). Efikasi antara Caviwipe® dan tisu alkohol 70% dalam menurunkan jumlah bakteri dan jamur di lingkungan rumah sakit yang dekat dengan pasien juga tidak berbeda bermakna. Kata kunci: disinfektan, lingkungan, rumah sakit, alkohol, Caviwipe® 
